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Smolyan (Bulgarian: Смолян) is a town and ski resort in the south of Bulgaria near the border with Greece. It is the administrative and industrial centre of the homonymous Smolyan Province. The town is built along the valley of Cherna ("Black") and Byala ("White") rivers in the central Rhodope Mountains which makes him the longest city in Bulgaria. It is also located at foot of the mountain's highest peak Golyam Perelik - 2191m. Smolyan is just 10-15 minutes drive from the popular ski resorts Pamporovo and Chepelare. As of June 2022 it has a population of 30 689 inhabitants.

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Smolyan
Coat of arms
Smolyan Location of Smolyan
Coordinates: 41°35′N 24°42′E
Country	Bulgaria
Province (Oblast)	Smolyan
Government
• Mayor	Nikolay Melemov (GERB)
Area
• City	134.59 km2 (51.97 sq mi)
Elevation	1,002 m (3,287 ft)
Population  (Census 2021)
• City	30 689
• Urban	34,465
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code	4700
Area code	0301
Website	www.smolyan.bg

Name

The name of the town comes from the local Slavic tribe of the Smolyani, the name of whom is probably cognate to the Slavic word smola ("resin").[1]

History

According to archaeological evidence, the area around Smolyan was first settled in the 2nd-1st millennium BC. In the Middle Ages it acquired its name from the Slavic tribe, the Smolyani, who settled in the region in the 7th century. During the Middle Ages, it was ruled by the Part of the Byzantine and Bulgarian Empires. For a while during the 14th century it came under the control of the Bulgarian feudal lord Momchil, alongside the whole Rhodope mountains, before eventually being subjugated by the Ottoman Empire. Smolyan remained under Ottoman rule for five centuries, a township of the Ottoman Sanjak of Gümülcine in the Adrianople Vilayet between 1867 and 1912.

The area was liberated by the 21st Sredna Gora Regiment led by Vladimir Serafimov in 1912, during the First Balkan War. The modern town of Smolyan was formed by the merger of three existing villages — Ustovo, Raykovo and Ezerovo — in 1960.

Population

The population of Smolyan just after World War II was about 5,000.[2] Since then, it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of the migrants from the rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns, reaching its peak in the beginning of the 1990s, exceeding 34,000.[3]

Smolyan
Year	1887	1910	1934	1946	1956	1965	1975	1985	1992	2001	2005	2009	2011	2021
Population	no data	no data	no data	5,406	7,472	17,448	28,492	31,539	34,086	33,153	31,988	31,718	30,642	26,167
	Highest number 34,086 in 1992
Sources: National Statistical Institute,?? citypopulation.de,?? pop-stat.mashke.org,?? Bulgarian Academy of Sciences??

Ethnic linguistic and religious composition

According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:[4][5]

• Bulgarians: 25,045 (97.0%)
• Roma: 258 (1.0%)
• Turks: 153 (0.6%)
• Others: 120 (0.5%)
• Indefinable: 248 (1.0%)
  • Undeclared: 4,818 (15.7%)

Total: 30,642

In Smolyan Municipality 32708 declared as Bulgarians, 301 as Roma and 170 as Turks and 9,000 did not declare their ethnic group.

Religion

In 1912, Aha Celebi said that 8,252 families already live, including 2,815 of Bulgarians Exarchists, 140 of Bulgarians Patriarchists and 5,297 of Bulgarian Muslims or Pomaks. (Lyubomir Miletich, "The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913") In 1912, in the town live 320 families of Bulgarians Muslims, 80 of Bulgarians Exarchists and 40 Patriarchists.[6] In Ustuvo live 420 families Bulgarians Exarchists, in Raykovo - a total of 700 families of Bulgarians Exarchists, 100 of Bulgarians Patriarchists and 70 of Bulgarian Muslims. Currently, the religion of the majority in the city is christian orthodox.

Culture and sports

Due to its suitable location on top of Mount Rozhen, the Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory is located nearby, with a planetarium in operation in the town. There is one theatre, the Rhodope Drama Theatre, and a gathering of theatre practitioners and scholars known as The Rhodopi International Theatre Laboratory is held every summer. There is also a regional historical museum founded in 1935.

Smolyan has an elite division football team, PFC Rodopa Smolyan, that had been playing in the A Professional Football Group between 2003-2007.

The largest church in southern Bulgaria, the Cathedral of Saint Vissarion of Smolyan, was inaugurated in the city in July 2006.

Municipality

Smolyan is also the seat of Smolyan municipality (part of Smolyan Province), which includes the following 79 villages:

Climate

Smolyan has either a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csb) or a dry-summer warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsb), depending on if the 0 degrees celsius or -3 degrees celsius isotherm is used.

Honour

Smolyan Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Smolyan.

Notable people

• Valya Balkanska
• Victor Houteff, founder of the Davidian branch, an offshoot of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Velichko Cholakov

Gallery

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References

External links

• Smolyan municipality website
• Smolyan municipality at Domino.bg
• Planetarium Smolyan
• National Astronomical Observatory "Rozhen"
• Official website of village of "Kutela"

На других языках

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[de] Smoljan

Smoljan [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}ˈsmɔljɐn] (bulgarisch Смолян, türkisch Paşmaklı oder Ahiçelebi) ist eine Stadt im Süden Bulgariens. Die Stadt ist Verwaltungssitz der Oblast Smoljan und der Gemeinde Smoljan. Die Stadt liegt in einer Höhe von 999 bis 1050 m. Sie liegt im Tal der Flüsse Tscherna („Schwarze“) und Bjala („Weiße“) im Rhodopen-Gebirge, etwas südlich der Skiorte Pamporowo und Tschepelare.

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- [en] Smolyan

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[ru] Смолян

Смо́лян (болг. Смолян) — город в Смолянской области Болгарии, входит в общину Смолян.

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