County Tyrone (/tɪˈroʊn/;[6]from Irish: Tír Eoghain, meaning 'land of Eoghan') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland. It is no longer used as an administrative division for local government but retains a strong identity in popular culture.
Contae Thír Eoghain is the Irish name; Countie Tyrone,[3]Coontie Tyrone[4] and Coontie Owenslann[5] are Ulster Scots spellings (the latter used only by Dungannon & South Tyrone Borough Council).
Adjoined to the south-west shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 3,266km2 (1,261sqmi)[1] and has a population of about 177,986; its county town is Omagh. The county derives its name and general geographic location from Tír Eoghain, a Gaelic kingdom under the O'Neill dynasty which existed until the 17th century.
Name
The name Tyrone is derived fromIrish Tír Eoghain'land of Eoghan', the name given to the conquests made by the Cenél nEógain from the provinces of Airgíalla and Ulaid.[7] Historically, it was anglicised as Tirowen or Tyrowen, which are closer to the Irish pronunciation.
Historically Tyrone (then Tír Eoghain or Tirowen) was much larger in size, stretching as far north as Lough Foyle, and comprised part of modern-day County Londonderry east of the River Foyle. The majority of County Londonderry was carved out of Tyrone between 1610 and 1620 when that land went to the Guilds of London to set up profit making schemes based on natural resources located there. Tyrone was the traditional stronghold of the various O'Neill clans and families, the strongest of the Gaelic Irish families in Ulster, surviving into the seventeenth century. The ancient principality of Tír Eoghain, the inheritance of the O'Neills, included the whole of the present counties of Tyrone and Londonderry, and the four baronies of West Inishowen, East Inishowen, Raphoe North and Raphoe South in County Donegal.[14]
In 1608 during O'Doherty's Rebellion areas of the country were plundered and burnt by the forces of Sir Cahir O'Doherty following his destruction of Derry. However, O'Doherty's men avoided the estates of the recently fled Earl of Tyrone around Dungannon, fearing Tyrone's anger if he returned from his exile.[15]
Geography
With an area of 3,155 square kilometres (1,218sqmi), Tyrone is the largest county in Northern Ireland. The flat peatlands of East Tyrone border the shoreline of the largest lake in the British Isles, Lough Neagh, rising gradually across to the more mountainous terrain in the west of the county, the area surrounding the Sperrin Mountains, the highest point being Sawel Mountain at a height of 678m (2,224ft). The length of the county, from the mouth of the River Blackwater at Lough Neagh to the western point near Carrickaduff hill is 55 miles (89km). The breadth, from the southern corner, southeast of Fivemiletown, to the northeastern corner near Meenard Mountain is 37.5 miles (60.4km); giving an area of 1,261 square miles (in 1900).[14] Annaghone lays claim to be the geographical centre of Northern Ireland.
Tyrone is connected by land to the county of Fermanagh to the southwest; Monaghan to the south; Armagh to the southeast; Londonderry to the north; and Donegal to the west. Across Lough Neagh to the east, it borders County Antrim. It is the eighth largest of Ireland's thirty-two counties by area and tenth largest by population.[16] It is the second largest of Ulster's nine traditional counties by area and fourth largest by population.[17]
Administration
The county was administered by Tyrone County Council from 1899 until the abolition of county councils in Northern Ireland in 1973.[18]
Demography
It is one of four counties in Northern Ireland which currently has a majority of the population from a Catholic community background, according to the 2011 census.[citation needed] In 1900 County Tyrone had a population of 197,719,[14] while in 2011 it was 177,986.
Settlements
Main article: List of places in County Tyrone
Large towns
(population of 18,000 or more and under 75,000 at 2001 Census)[19]
Major sports in Tyrone include Gaelic games, association football, rugby union and cricket:
Gaelic football is more widely played than hurling in Tyrone. The Tyrone GAA football side has had considerable success since 2000, winning four All Ireland titles (in 2003, 2005, 2008 and 2021). They have also won sixteen Ulster titles (1956, 1957, 1973, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1995, 1996, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2017 and 2021)[21] and two National League titles (in 2002[22] and 2003[23]).
Association football also has a large following in Tyrone. Omagh Town F.C. were members of the Irish Football League until they folded in 2005 due to financial problems. Dungannon Swifts F.C. compete in the NIFL Premiership - the top division. Other teams include NIFL Championship side Dergview F.C.
Rugby union is very popular in the county. Dungannon RFC plays in the All-Ireland League. Other teams include Omagh RFC, Clogher Valley RFC, Cookstown RFC and Strabane RFC.
International Cricket is also played on the Bready Cricket Club Ground which is owned by Bready Cricket Club. It is Ireland's fourth venue for International Cricket hosting its first International Cricket match when Ireland played against Scotland in a series of T20I matches in June 2015.[24][25] It was selected as a venue to host matches in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament.[26]
Brian Dooher, former captain of the Tyrone senior football team
Hugo Duncan, singer and broadcaster on BBC Radio Ulster
John Dunlap (1747–1812), publisher of the first American daily newspaper the Pennsylvania Packet in 1784, also the printer of the American Declaration of Independence
John K. Tener, former baseball player and Governor of Pennsylvania. Creator of Congressional Baseball Game.
Colin Broderick, Author and Filmographer.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to County Tyrone.
Abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland (County Tyrone)
High Sheriff of Tyrone
List of civil parishes of County Tyrone
List of places in County Tyrone
List of townlands in County Tyrone
Lord Lieutenant of Tyrone
Ulster American Folk Park
The Moorlough Shore
References
Northern Ireland General Register Office (1975). "Table 1: Area, Buildings for Habitation and Population, 1971". Census of Population 1971; Summary Tables(PDF). Belfast: HMSO. p.1. Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Joyce, Patrick Weston; Sullivan, Alexander Martin; Nunan, P. D. (1900). Atlas and Cyclopedia of Ireland. Murphy and McCarthy. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2009. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
McCavitt, John. The Flight of the Earls. Gill & MacMillan, 2002. p.143-44
Corry, Eoghan (2005). The GAA Book of Lists. Hodder Headline Ireland. pp.186–191. ISBN0-340-89695-7.
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