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Calvinia is a regional town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa named after the French religious reformer Jean Calvin. The town falls under the Hantam Local Municipality which forms part of the Namakwa District Municipality. The Calvinia district is part of the Great Karoo region of South Africa. The town is just south of the Hantam mountains on the banks of the Oorlogskloof (meaning "War Ravine") River.

Calvinia
Calvinia, South Africa
Calvinia
Calvinia
Coordinates: 31°28′30″S 19°46′22″E
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceNorthern Cape
DistrictNamakwa
MunicipalityHantam
Established1851[1]
Area
  Total132.61 km2 (51.20 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
  Total2,855
  Density22/km2 (56/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
  Coloured52.1%
  White39.6%
  Black African5.2%
  Indian/Asian1.2%
  Other1.9%
First languages (2011)
  Afrikaans95.3%
  English2.4%
  Other2.3%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)
8190
PO box
8190
Area code027

Calvinia enjoys 80% starlight and is renowned for its kaleidoscope of spring wildflowers coinciding with the Namaqualand wildflower spectacle.

An asteroid (1245 Calvinia) is named after the town.


History


The earliest known people living in the area were Khoisan people. The first Europeans in the area were farmers who took their livestock to the area in the 1750s.

On 19 January 1847, at a meeting on the farm Tygerhoek, a new Dutch Reformed Church congregation was founded for the Hantam region. In 1848 the congregation bought 1,200 hectares of the farm Hoogekraal (Ramskop) from Abraham van Wyk.

The name Hantam is derived from the Khoisan word !Han=ami, which refers to a plant with edible roots (Pelargonium bifolium, in Afrikaans "uintjies"). !Han=ami means "where the red bulbs grow".

The first reverend, N.J. Hofmeyr, proposed that the church be named after John Calvin. On 30 October 1851 the town was officially named Calvinia. It became a municipality in 1904.


Geography and Climate


Calvinia is located at 31°28′30″S 19°46′22″E (-31.47500, 19.77278).

The town is 301 kilometers (470 kilometers by tar road) north of Cape Town and lies at an altitude of 970 meters.

The average summer temperature is 22°C, with peaks above 40°C. The average winter temperature is 10°C but can fall to -8°C. On the surrounding mountains, snow falls regularly.

This was where Abraham Esau garnered the support of the "Coloured" community to fight for the British against the Boers during the Boer War.

Climate data for Calvinia (extremes 1900–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.9
(107.4)
41.1
(106.0)
40.0
(104.0)
36.4
(97.5)
33.1
(91.6)
26.4
(79.5)
29.2
(84.6)
32.7
(90.9)
36.1
(97.0)
40.5
(104.9)
39.4
(102.9)
39.9
(103.8)
41.9
(107.4)
Average high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2)
31.0
(87.8)
29.0
(84.2)
24.6
(76.3)
20.3
(68.5)
17.5
(63.5)
17.2
(63.0)
18.4
(65.1)
21.5
(70.7)
24.6
(76.3)
27.5
(81.5)
29.7
(85.5)
24.4
(75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.4
(72.3)
22.4
(72.3)
20.6
(69.1)
16.6
(61.9)
13.1
(55.6)
10.9
(51.6)
10.3
(50.5)
11.0
(51.8)
13.4
(56.1)
16.1
(61.0)
18.9
(66.0)
20.9
(69.6)
16.4
(61.5)
Average low °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7)
13.7
(56.7)
12.1
(53.8)
8.6
(47.5)
5.9
(42.6)
4.2
(39.6)
3.3
(37.9)
3.6
(38.5)
5.3
(41.5)
7.5
(45.5)
10.2
(50.4)
12.2
(54.0)
8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)
2.8
(37.0)
1.6
(34.9)
−2.8
(27.0)
−9.0
(15.8)
−6.5
(20.3)
−7.0
(19.4)
−5.6
(21.9)
−3.5
(25.7)
−3.4
(25.9)
−3.5
(25.7)
0.4
(32.7)
−9.0
(15.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9
(0.4)
14
(0.6)
20
(0.8)
21
(0.8)
27
(1.1)
29
(1.1)
24
(0.9)
24
(0.9)
14
(0.6)
12
(0.5)
14
(0.6)
8
(0.3)
216
(8.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.7 3.7 4.5 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.0 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.0 47.6
Average relative humidity (%) 48 52 56 60 63 65 63 62 58 52 48 46 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours 362.7 310.8 303.8 258.0 229.4 192.0 223.2 254.2 273.0 306.9 330.0 356.5 3,400.5
Mean daily sunshine hours 11.7 11.0 9.8 8.6 7.4 6.4 7.2 8.2 9.1 9.9 11.0 11.5 9.3
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[4]
Climate data for Calvinia (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6)
32.3
(90.1)
30.1
(86.2)
26.0
(78.8)
21.5
(70.7)
18.2
(64.8)
17.9
(64.2)
19.4
(66.9)
22.5
(72.5)
25.9
(78.6)
28.2
(82.8)
30.3
(86.5)
25.3
(77.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9)
22.9
(73.2)
21.1
(70.0)
17.4
(63.3)
13.8
(56.8)
10.8
(51.4)
10.5
(50.9)
11.2
(52.2)
13.7
(56.7)
16.8
(62.2)
19.1
(66.4)
21.1
(70.0)
16.8
(62.2)
Average low °C (°F) 13.4
(56.1)
13.8
(56.8)
12.3
(54.1)
9.5
(49.1)
6.4
(43.5)
3.8
(38.8)
3.6
(38.5)
3.4
(38.1)
5.0
(41.0)
7.9
(46.2)
10.0
(50.0)
12.0
(53.6)
8.3
(46.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 29.49
(1.16)
26.94
(1.06)
27.31
(1.08)
18.56
(0.73)
9.33
(0.37)
0.64
(0.03)
1.09
(0.04)
5.07
(0.20)
11.41
(0.45)
18.87
(0.74)
22.48
(0.89)
27.73
(1.09)
198.92
(7.84)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 35
Source: meteo-climat-bzh[5]

Culture


Afrikaans is the main language spoken in Calvinia. The principal religion of the population is Christianity.


Attractions


The Calvinia Museum is housed in the former art deco styled Jewish synagogue built in 1920. The museum portrays the lives of the early European settlers. It displays a cedarwood horsemill and mounted Cape fat-tailed, Merino and Dorper sheep. Unusual specimens such as a 4-legged ostrich and genetically anomalous sheep can also be viewed.

The Akkerendam Nature Reserve is located three kilometers north of Calvinia. The reserve offers unique flowers and two hiking trails cross the Hantam mountains. The indigenous and rare sterboom (literally translated "star tree")(Cliffortia arboreais) can be seen here.

The Hantam Meat Festival, an agricultural show and great barbecue (Afrikaans "braai"), takes place every year in late August.

The Boekhuis[permanent dead link] (translated "Book House") was built in 1860 by Jacobus Nel van der Merwe in Cape Dutch style with a concave-convex gable. This historical T-shaped house in Water Street is made available for the exclusive use of writers.


Education


The town has four public schools:

All four public schools also have boarding houses for both boys and girls.


Famous residents





References


  1. Robson, Linda Gillian (2011). "Annexure A" (PDF). The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact (PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii. hdl:2263/26503.
  2. "Sub-Place Calvinia". Census 2011.
  3. "Klimatafel von Calvinia, Prov. Northern Cape / Südafrika" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  4. "Station Calvinia" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  5. "moyennes 1981/2010".

На других языках


[de] Calvinia

Calvinia ist ein Ort in der Gemeinde Hantam im Distrikt Namakwa, Provinz Nordkap in Südafrika. 2011 hatte er 9680 Einwohner.[1] Der Ort liegt 470 Kilometer nördlich von Kapstadt. Nachbarstädte sind Williston (129 km entfernt), Brandvlei (173 km entfernt), Middelpos (131 km entfernt) und das 120 km entfernte Vanrhynsdorp. Calvinia liegt am Fuße des Hantam-Bergmassivs auf einer Höhe von 970 Metern.
- [en] Calvinia

[ru] Калвиния

Калвиния (африк. Calvinia) — город в Северо-Капской провинции ЮАР, экономический центр северо-запада мыса Доброй Надежды. Находится в 70 км к востоку от Нёвоудвиля, af:Nieuwoudtville.



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