Kommunar (Russian: Коммуна́р) is a town in Gatchinsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Izhora River 35 kilometers (22mi) south of the center of St.Petersburg. Population: 20,211(2010 Census);[4]17,164(2002 Census);[9]17,791(1989 Census).[10] The name of the town means "Communards", in reference to supporters of the 1871 popular uprising in Paris.
For other places with the same name, see Kommunar (inhabited locality).
It was founded in the 1840s by the land owner countess Yuliya Samoylova as Grafskaya Slavyanka (Гра́фская Славя́нка).[2] In 1846, it was purchased by the government and renamed Tsarskaya Slavyanka (Ца́рская Славя́нка).[2] Until 1918, it was also known as the settlement at the Rogers and Peiffer factory (посёлок при фабрике Роджерса и Пейффера). In 1918, it was renamed Krasnaya Slavyanka.[11] In the beginning of the 20th century, it was a part of Tsarskoselsky Uyezd of St.Petersburg Governorate[12] (renamed in 1913 Petrograd Governorate and in 1924 Leningrad Governorate). On November20, 1918, the uyezd was renamed Detskoselsky.[12] On February14, 1923 Detskoselsky and Petergofsky Uyezds were abolished and merged into Gatchinsky Uyezd, with the administrative center located in Gatchina.[12] On February14, 1923, Gatchina was renamed Trotsk and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd,[13] after Leon Trotsky.
On August1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Trotsky District, with the administrative center in the town of Trotsk, was established. The governorates were also abolished and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. The settlement was made a part of Trotsky District.[citation needed] On August2, 1929, after Trotsky was deported from Soviet Union, Trotsk was renamed Krasnogvardeysk and the district was renamed Krasnogvardeysky.[14] On July23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January28, 1944, Krasnogvardeysk was renamed Gatchina and the district was renamed Gatchinsky.[14]
Kommunar was granted urban-type settlement status on October8, 1953[14] and town status on June28, 1993.[3] In 1996, the town held a popular vote regarding whether it should become a town of oblast significance. However, in 2010 the administrative divisions of Leningrad Oblast were harmonized with its municipal divisions, and Kommunar became the town of district significance again.[15]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated within Gatchinsky District as Kommunarskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Kommunarskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Gatchinsky Municipal District as Kommunarskoye Urban Settlement.[6]
Economy
Industry
The main enterprise of the town is the Kommunar paper factory.
Transportation
A bus connecting Pushkin and Kommunar on Sadovaya Street
A railway connecting St.Petersburg and Novosokolniki via Dno runs along the eastern border of the town. Antropshino railway station, located in Kommunar, has suburban service originating from Vitebsky railway station of St.Petersburg.
Kommunar is essentially a suburb of St.Petersburg and is included in the suburban road network. In particular, it is connected by road with Gatchina.
Culture and recreation
A mass grave of Soviet soldiers killed during the Russian Civil War and World War II in Kommunar is protected as a historical monument of local significance.[16]
References
Notes
Oblast Law #32-oz
Коммунар, г. (in Russian). Encyclopedia of Leningrad Oblast. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
История (in Russian). Официальный портал администрации города Коммунар. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области.Областной закон№32-озот15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от8 мая 2014 г.«Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast.Oblast Law#32-ozofJune15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law#23-oz ofMay8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области.Областной закон№113-озот16 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Гатчинский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №17-оз от6 мая 2010 г«О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы в связи с принятием федерального закона "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с совершенствованием организации местного самоуправления"». Вступил в силучерез 10дней со дня официального опубликования (27декабря 2004г.). Опубликован: "Вести", №147, 17 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast.Oblast Law#113-ozofDecember16, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Gatchinsky Municipal District and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Oblast Law#17-oz ofMay6, 2010 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Due to the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Due to the Improvement of the Organization of the Local Self-Government". Effective as ofafter 10days from the day of the official publication (December27, 2004).).
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