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Buynaksk (Russian: Буйна́кск; Kumyk: Шура / Темирхан-Шура, Şura / Temirxan-Şura) is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River, 40 kilometers (25 mi) southwest of the republic's capital Makhachkala. Population: 62,623 (2010 Census);[3] 61,437 (2002 Census);[8] 56,783 (1989 Census);[9] 40,000 (1970).

Buynaksk Буйнакск
Town[1]
Other transcription(s)
• Avar/Kumyk	Шура/Темирхан-Шура
Buynaksk in Winter
Coat of arms
Location of Buynaksk
Buynaksk Location of Buynaksk Show map of Russia Buynaksk Buynaksk (Republic of Dagestan) Show map of Republic of Dagestan
Coordinates: 42°49′N 47°07′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Dagestan[1]
Founded	1834[2]
Town status since	1866[2]
Elevation	490 m (1,610 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[3]
• Total	62,623
• Estimate  (2018)[4]	65,080 (+3.9%)
• Rank	255th in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	Town of Buynaksk[1]
• Capital of	Buynaksky District[1], Town of Buynaksk[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Buynaksk Urban Okrug[5]
• Capital of	Buynaksk Urban Okrug[5], Buynaksky Municipal District
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [6])
Postal code(s)[7]	368220
OKTMO ID	82705000001
Website	buynaksk05.ru

History

Before 1922 Buynaksk was known as Temir-Khan-Shurá (Темир-Хан-Шура), that is, the lake or cliff of Tamerlane who is said to have camped here in 1396 after defeating Tokhtamysh during the Tokhtamysh-Timur war. It first appears in Russian annals in the 1590s when Muscovite ambassadors passed nearby on their way to Georgia. It remained a small town ruled by a Bek. In 1830 the Russians destroyed it when it sided with Kazi Mulla. In 1832 a Russian force under Klugenau camped here during Rosen's raid on Gimry. In 1834 Klugenau built a fort on the rock above the lake and it soon became the headquarters of the Apsheron Regiment and the most important Russian fort in the interior of Degestan during the Murid War. In 1849 Hadji Murad led a daring raid into the town. The place was unhealthy and Argutinsky drained the lake in 1858 to prevent the spread of disease.[10] It was granted town status in 1866.[2] During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Temir-Khan-Shurinsky Okrug and Dagestan Oblast. In 1920, it was the center of the ephemeral Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. On 13 November 1920, the government of the Russian SFSR declared Dagestan's autonomy during the congress of the Dagestani people, which took place in Temir-Khan-Shura. In 1922, the town was renamed Buynaksk in honor of a revolutionary Ullubiy Buynaksky. In May 1970, Buynaksk was badly damaged by an earthquake.

In 1999, a car bomb outside an apartment building housing the families of military officers killed sixty-four people.[11]

On 13 August 2009, Buynaksk was the site of two attacks associated with the growing violence throughout Dagestan and neighboring Chechnya. About ten men first opened fire with automatic weapons on a police post, killing four officers. The gunmen then entered a nearby sauna complex and killed seven female employees.[12]

Three soldiers were killed, and thirty-two were wounded, in a suicide car-bombing at a military base in the city on September 5, 2010. The driver of a Zhiguli car smashed through a gate at the base and headed for an area where soldiers were quartered in tents. Soldiers opened fire on the car before it reached the center of the base. The driver then rammed the car into a military truck, where it exploded. After the blast, a roadside bomb hit a car taking investigators to the scene, but no injuries were reported in the second explosion.[11] However, attackers claimed killing 56 Russian soldiers by the bombing.[13]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Buynaksk serves as the administrative center of Buynaksky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Buynaksk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Buynaksk is incorporated as Buynaksk Urban Okrug.[5]

Demographics

Ethnic groups (2002 census):[14]

• Avars (46.0%)
• Kumyks (31.4%)
• Laks (6.9%)
• Dargins (6.2%)
• Russians (6.0%)

Climate

Buynaksk has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa).

References

Notes

Sources

• Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №106 от 30 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #106 of December 30, 2013 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала", статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала" и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

External links

• Official website of Buynaksk (in Russian)
• Buynaksk Business Directory (in Russian)

На других языках

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[de] Buinaksk

Buinaksk (russisch Буйнакск) ist eine Stadt und Rajonzentrum mit 62.623 Einwohnern (Stand 14. Oktober 2010)[1] in der autonomen Republik Dagestan im Süden Russlands.

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- [en] Buynaksk

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[ru] Буйнакск

Буйна́кск (кум. Темир-Хан-Шура[5]) — город на юге России, в Республике Дагестан.

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