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Tolosa, officially the Municipality of Tolosa (Waray: Bungto han Tolosa; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tolosa), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 20,708 people.[3]

Tolosa
Municipality
Municipality of Tolosa
Map of Leyte with Tolosa highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Tolosa
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 11°02′N 125°01′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionEastern Visayas
ProvinceLeyte
District 1st district
Barangays15 (see Barangays)
Government
[1]
  TypeSangguniang Bayan
  MayorErwin C. Ocaña (PDP-LABAN)
  Vice MayorMenardo M. Mate (NP)
  RepresentativeFerdinand Martin G. Romualdez
  Councilors
List
  Electorate15,001 voters (2019)
Area
  Total22.54 km2 (8.70 sq mi)
Elevation
21 m (69 ft)
Highest elevation
779 m (2,556 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
  Total20,708
  Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
  Households
5,032
Economy
  Income class5th municipal income class
  Poverty incidence20.96% (2018)[4]
  Revenue₱91,251,419.11 (2020)
  Assets₱274,265,556.99 (2020)
  Expenditure₱74,530,999.32 (2020)
  Liabilities₱90,908,276.27 (2020)
Service provider
  ElectricityDon Orestes Romualdez Electric Coperative (DORELCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
6503
PSGC
IDD:area code+63(0)53
Native languagesWaray
Tagalog

It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of Tacloban City.

The cities closest to Tolosa are Tacloban, Ormoc, Baybay, Borongan, Catbalogan, and Maasin. The nearest municipalities are Tanauan, Tabontabon, Dulag, Palo, Julita, and Dagami. Its distance from the national capital is 588.52 kilometers (365.69 miles).[citation needed]


History


According to popular beliefs, Tolosa derived its name from a legend about three chieftains (datus) who united their chiefdoms. According to the legend, the area that is now Tolosa was ruled by three great datus: the datu of fishing, the datu of harvest and the datu of hunting. Typical of chiefdoms in those times, the three datus regard each other with hostility. One time a great battle broke out among the three of them. Their people fought valiantly in defense of each datu. But the three datus were strong they could not defeat each other. Accidentally they were hit by their own swords and they died. Their blood spilt everywhere. Then came a great earthquake followed by a tsunami. When the floodwaters subsided, three promontories rose on three sides of the three datus' lands, as if acting as defensive walls of the contiguous land. Survivors of the great battle realized that the three hills were their great datus who were now united in protecting them from outside dangers. From three (tolo) they became one (usa).

Tolosa was once part of the nearby municipality of Tanauan. Magdaleno Vivero and Domingo Camacho petitioned the Spanish Government to grant Tolosa autonomy from Tanauan. The petition was approved in 1852, resulting in great jubilation among the new town's inhabitants. The town's residents, however, continued to call a nearby promontory Inapusong after the town's old name. Spanish officials named the town in honor of Tolosa, a town in the Basque Country, Spain. The town was formally founded in 1861 and became a parish on February 12, 1863. Its first parish priest was Padre Geronimo Asenjo, a Spaniard. The first Filipino priest of the parish was Father Quintin Bautista. In 1910, a plan to abolish the municipality worried its inhabitants. Brigido Lauzon became the first civilian Mayor of Tolosa during American occupation in 1901. Owing to the efforts of Captain Daniel Romualdez, grandfather of the late Speaker Daniel Z. Romualdez, the plan to return Tolosa to the care of Tanauan was averted.

During the liberation of the Philippines in 1944, Tolosa and its north eastern neighboring towns were spared from bombardment by the United States and Philippine Commonwealth forces when Eagle Scout Valeriano Abello of barangay San Roque, including two other identified scouts braved Japanese sniper fire and directed US and Filipino fire to the exact location of Japanese batteries along Leyte's north-eastern coast. Abello's act saved the lives of thousands of Leytenos and allowed the Filipino Soldiers and Allied Forces unhampered landing on the coast. This unhampered attack dealt the blow that broke the back of the Japanese resistance in Leyte, and ultimately The Philippines.

A few days after the return of General Douglas MacArthur and the forces of liberation in Leyte, Tolosa became the base of the U.S Navy, as well as the 6th and 13th Air Force. It was in Tanghas, a barangay in Tolosa, where the famous American composer Irving Berlin first presented his renowned composition "Heaven Watch The Philippines" together with his Filipino audience including then President Sergio Osmeña and Carlos P. Romulo. During World War II the Tolosa was part of a large US Navy base Leyte-Samar Naval Base.

About 4 decades ago, Tolosa suffered its worst environmental disaster. The sand in the beaches of Tolosa were black until the 1970s because of the abundance of the mineral called magnetite, a naturally magnetized iron, which was a prime raw material for high quality steel. INCO (Iron, Nickel & Copper Ore), a mining company based in nearby barangay Opong, stripped the town's beaches of vegetation to get the mineral, destroying much of the wide beaches and rendering the town's coastal defenses bare against the onslaught of tidal erosion.

Then First Lady Imelda Marcos developed the area between the sea and Mt. Inapusong and built a large compound where she entertained Miss Universe candidates during the pageant held in Manila.


Geography



Barangays


Tolosa is politically subdivided into 15 barangays.[5]


Climate


Climate data for Tolosa, Leyte
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)
28
(82)
29
(84)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
29
(84)
30
(86)
30
(86)
29
(84)
29
(84)
28
(82)
29
(84)
Average low °C (°F) 22
(72)
22
(72)
22
(72)
23
(73)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
23
(73)
23
(73)
23
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 90
(3.5)
67
(2.6)
82
(3.2)
70
(2.8)
97
(3.8)
145
(5.7)
142
(5.6)
127
(5.0)
132
(5.2)
152
(6.0)
169
(6.7)
144
(5.7)
1,417
(55.8)
Average rainy days 17.0 13.5 16.0 16.5 20.6 24.3 26.0 25.4 25.2 26.4 23.0 21.0 254.9
Source: Meteoblue[6]

Demographics


Population census of Tolosa
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 5,177    
1918 5,160−0.02%
1939 6,660+1.22%
1948 8,569+2.84%
1960 8,156−0.41%
1970 9,226+1.24%
1975 10,747+3.11%
1980 10,864+0.22%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 13,299+2.04%
1995 13,927+0.87%
2000 14,539+0.93%
2007 16,839+2.05%
2010 17,921+2.29%
2015 20,978+3.05%
2020 20,708−0.25%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [7][8][9][10]

In the 2020 census, the population of Tolosa, Leyte, was 20,708 people,[3] with a density of 920 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,400 inhabitants per square mile.


Economy



Tourism



References


  1. Municipality of Tolosa | (DILG)
  2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. Census of Population (2020). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  5. "Province: Leyte". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  6. "Tolosa: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  7. Census of Population (2015). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  8. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  9. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  10. "Province of Leyte". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  11. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  12. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf; publication date: 29 November 2005; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  13. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20%28Full%20Report%29_1.pdf; publication date: 23 March 2009; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  14. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2006%20and%202009%20City%20and%20Municipal%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates_0_1.pdf; publication date: 3 August 2012; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  15. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2012%20Municipal%20and%20City%20Level%20Poverty%20Estima7tes%20Publication%20%281%29.pdf; publication date: 31 May 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  16. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx; publication date: 10 July 2019; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  17. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.





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