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Mexico (also known as Masiku), officially the Municipality of Mexico (Kapampangan: Balen ning Mexico; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mexico), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 173,403 people.[3] It was also formerly known as Nuevo México during the Spanish period.

Mexico
Masiku
Municipality
Municipality of Mexico
Downtown area
Map of Pampanga with Mexico highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Mexico
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 15°04′N 120°43′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionCentral Luzon
ProvincePampanga
District 3rd district
FoundedApril 24, 1581
Named forMexico City
Barangays43 (see Barangays)
Government
[1]
  TypeSangguniang Bayan
  MayorTeddy C. Tumang
  Vice MayorRodencio S. Gonzales
  RepresentativeAurelio D. Gonzales Jr.
  Municipal Council
Members
  Electorate81,219 voters (2019)
Area
  Total117.41 km2 (45.33 sq mi)
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Highest elevation
34 m (112 ft)
Lowest elevation
2 m (7 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
  Total173,403
  Density1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi)
  Households
31,281
Economy
  Income class1st municipal income class
  Poverty incidence4.60% (2018)[4]
  Revenue₱587,834,470.37 (2020)
  Assets₱1,212,290,933.68 (2020)
  Expenditure₱540,344,785.92 (2020)
  Liabilities₱334,590,266.35 (2020)
Service provider
  ElectricityPampanga Rural Electric Service Cooperative (PRESCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
2021
PSGC
IDD:area code+63(0)45
Native languagesKapampangan
Websitewww.mexicopampanga.com

History


According to folk etymology, the original pre-Hispanic name of the village was purportedly Masicu or Maca-sicu, which the Spaniards spelled as "México". It is claimed that this was a reference to an abundance of chico trees. However chico trees are not endemic to the Philippines and were introduced by the Spaniards from what is now Mexico (Country). Another claim is that it is derived from siku ("elbow") and was a reference to the elbow-shaped bends of the nearby Abacan and Pampanga Rivers. But there are no records of the town ever being called Masicu. Instead, the origin of the latter name is believed to be simply a common mispronunciation by the locals.[5][6][7][8]

According to the Augustinian records in Libros de Gobierno Eclesiástico, the town was founded as a river trading port at around 1581 and was originally named Novo México (the Old Spanish form of Nuevo México, "New Mexico") after Mexico City.[5][9][10][11] Mexico, Pampanga, defintely received immigrants from Mexico since it is recorded that there were thousands of Mexican migrants to the Philippines, per year,[12][13] back when the Philippines was part of Mexico-City governed Viceroyalty of New Spain.

The Spanish colonists made México the capital of the newly formed Province of Pampanga. Gaspar de San Agustin wrote that being the capital, México was one of the most “beautiful and charming” centers in the province. A lavish church made of stone and tiles, the Parish of Santa Monica, was built in 1581 with Masangsang and Matúlid serving as its visitas.[citation needed] Mexico also formerly included the city of San Fernando, including parts of Angeles City (formerly the barrio San Angelo).[6]

In 1660, Don Francisco Maniago, a native leader from México, led the Pampanga Revolt against the Colonial Government. It was caused by the imposition of forced labor (polo) and rice tributes (bandala) by the Spanish colonial government. Maniago also inspired similar revolts in neighboring cities. These were suppressed in 1661 by Governor-General Sabiniano Manrique de Lara.[6]

The Spanish colonial authorities stripped México of its political importance after the Pampanga Revolt by moving the provincial capital further downstream to Bacolor. But it retained its strategic economic importance especially among the Lúsung Chinese and their mestizo descendants. México was still a regular drop off point of forest products from the upper reaches of the Ábacan River. It was also a favored destination by merchants from as far north as Pangasinan. By the 18th century, the Chinese traders and their mestizo de sangley descendants living in México, Guagua and Malabon had formed and maintained business and social alliances with each other. Cascos and sampans maintained the flow of goods along the Malabon-Guagua-México chain. Like the Chinese section of Manila, the commercial center of México became known as the Parián.[citation needed]

In 1898, General Maximino Hizon, rallied Kapampángans to fight the Spanish Colonial forces under Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary banner and ordered the execution of the Parish priests of México and San Fernando. When the Americans replaced the Spaniards as the new colonists, General Maximino Hizon soon rose up to become supreme commander of all the Philippine Forces in Pampanga. He was captured by the Americans in 1901 and exiled to Guam after refusing to pledge his allegiance to the United States. He died in exile on September 1, 1901.[14]:505[6]


Geography



Barangays


Mexico is administratively subdivided into 43 barangays.


Climate


Climate data for Mexico, Pampanga
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)
29
(84)
31
(88)
33
(91)
32
(90)
31
(88)
30
(86)
29
(84)
29
(84)
30
(86)
30
(86)
28
(82)
30
(86)
Average low °C (°F) 20
(68)
20
(68)
21
(70)
23
(73)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
23
(73)
22
(72)
21
(70)
23
(72)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6
(0.2)
4
(0.2)
6
(0.2)
17
(0.7)
82
(3.2)
122
(4.8)
151
(5.9)
123
(4.8)
124
(4.9)
99
(3.9)
37
(1.5)
21
(0.8)
792
(31.1)
Average rainy days 3.3 2.5 3.6 6.6 17.7 22.2 25.2 23.7 23.2 17.9 9.2 5.2 160.3
Source: Meteoblue[15]

Demographics


Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando, Santo Domingo de Guzman Parish
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando, Santo Domingo de Guzman Parish
Santa Monica Parish Church, Parian
Santa Monica Parish Church, Parian
Population census of Mexico
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 13,469    
1918 16,151+1.22%
1939 22,341+1.56%
1948 18,678−1.97%
1960 29,449+3.87%
1970 41,145+3.40%
1975 48,805+3.48%
1980 53,491+1.85%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 69,546+2.66%
1995 91,696+5.32%
2000 109,481+3.87%
2007 141,298+3.58%
2010 146,851+1.41%
2015 154,624+0.99%
2020 173,403+2.28%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[16][17][18][19]

In the 2020 census, the population of Mexico, Pampanga, was 173,403 people,[3] with a density of 1,500 inhabitants per square kilometre or 3,900 inhabitants per square mile.


Religion


Benedictine Monastery of Perpetual Adoration
Benedictine Monastery of Perpetual Adoration

Parish churches and Spanish-era chapels:

Facade of the Sabanilla chapel
Facade of the Sabanilla chapel

Religious and cultural traditions


Economy


Public market
Public market

Education


It has various educational institutions including: Elementary/Primary

High School/Secondary

Tertiary:


References


  1. Municipality of Mexico | (DILG)
  2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. Census of Population (2020). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  5. Pedro G. Galende (1987). Angels in Stone: architecture of Augustinian churches in the Philippines. G.A. Formoso Pub. p. 189. ISBN 9789718575000.
  6. "History". Municipality of Mexico, Province of Pampanga, Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  7. Alejadro S. Camiling & Teresita Z. Camiling. "The Town of Mexico, Pampanga". Andro's Kapampangan Page. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  8. Ambeth R. Ocampo (23 September 2009). "Mexico under our skin". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  9. Emilio Ridruejo (2004). "La Primitiva Tradición Gramatical Sobre El Pampango". In Otto Zwartjes & Even Hovdhaugen (ed.). Missionary Linguistics/Lingüística misionera: Selected papers from the First International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Oslo, 13 16 March 2003. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 189. ISBN 9789027285416.
  10. Juan Jose Delgado (1892). Historia general, sacro-profana, política y natural de las Islas del Poniente llamadas Filipines. J. Atayde. p. 32.
  11. Francisco Xavier Baranera (1880). Compendio de geografía de las islas Filipinas, Marianas y Joló. Establecimiento tipográfico de Ramirez y Giraudier. p. 37.
  12. Mehl, Eva Maria (2016). "Chapter 6 – Unruly Mexicans in Manila". Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316480120.007. ISBN 9781316480120. In Governor Anda y Salazar's opinion, an important part of the problem of vagrancy was the fact that Mexicans and Spanish disbanded after finishing their military or prison terms "all over the islands, even the most distant, looking for subsistence.~CSIC riel 208 leg.14
  13. Garcıa de los Arcos, "Grupos etnicos", 65–66 Garcia de los Arcos, Maria Fernanda (1999). "Grupos éthnicos y Clases sociales en las Filipinas de Finales del Siglo XVIII". Archipel. 57 (2): 55–71. doi:10.3406/arch.1999.3515. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  14. Foreman, J., 1906, The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
  15. "Mexico: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  16. Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  17. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  18. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  19. "Province of Pampanga". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  20. "Attractions: San Jose Matulid Chapel". www.mexicopampanga.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  21. "The Rivers That Shaped San Fernando and Angeles" (PDF). www.hau.edu.ph. Holy Angel University - Center for Kapampangan Studies. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  22. "Tara Na sa Mexico, Pampanga". www.vigattintourism.com. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  23. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  24. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf; publication date: 29 November 2005; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  25. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20%28Full%20Report%29_1.pdf; publication date: 23 March 2009; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  26. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2006%20and%202009%20City%20and%20Municipal%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates_0_1.pdf; publication date: 3 August 2012; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  27. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2012%20Municipal%20and%20City%20Level%20Poverty%20Estima7tes%20Publication%20%281%29.pdf; publication date: 31 May 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  28. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx; publication date: 10 July 2019; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  29. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

Books





На других языках


[de] Mexico (Pampanga)

Mexico, Tagalog: Bayan ng Mexico, ist eine philippinische Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Pampanga, in der Verwaltungsregion III, Central Luzon. Nach dem Zensus von 2015 hatte Mexico 154.624 Einwohner, die in 43 Barangays lebten. Sie wird als Gemeinde der ersten Einkommensklasse auf den Philippinen und als teilweise urbanisiert eingestuft.
- [en] Mexico, Pampanga



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