world.wikisort.org - Iran

Karaj (Persian: کرج, pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] (listen)) is the capital of Alborz Province, Iran, and effectively a satellite city of Tehran.[3][4] Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km² (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan.[5] Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.[6]

Karaj کرج
City
Panoramic, Suleymanieh Palace, Boulevard Taleghani, Tulips Festival, Karaj Reservoir in the Alborz Mountains, Aderan Village
Seal
Karaj
Coordinates: 35°50′45″N 50°58′16″E
Country	Iran
Province	Alborz
County	Karaj
Bakhsh	Central
Government
• Mayor	Mehrdad Kiani
• City Council Chairman	Javad Chapardar
Area
• City	162 km2 (63 sq mi)
Elevation	1,312 m (4,304 ft)
Population  (2016 Census)
• Urban	1,970,000 [1]
• Metro	2,512,737 [2]
• Population Rank in Iran	4th
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Area code	026
Climate	BSk
Website	karaj.ir

The earliest records of Karaj date back to 30th century BC. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar dynasties, and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has an extraordinary climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees and various rivers and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, and for this reason, it has been nicknamed "Little Iran".

History

The area around Karaj has been inhabited for thousands of years, such as at the Bronze Age site of Tepe Khurvin and the Iron Age site of Kalak.[7][8] However, the present-day city of Karaj is mostly the result of modern industrial development in the 20th century.[8]

Historically, Karaj was mostly significant as a stage on the road between Tehran and Qazvin.[8] In Safavid times, a stone bridge was built that served as the main crossing into the town.[8] The large Shah-Abbasi Caravansary, located at the southeast of Towhid Square, was built in the same era, under the rule of Šāh Esmāil.

In 1810, the Qajar prince Soleyman Mirza built the Soleymaniyeh Palace at Kajar to serve as a summer resort.[8] The palace had four towers and was surrounded by gardens, and its reception room featured a pair of paintings by Abdallah Khan Naqqashbandi.[8] By 1860, however, the palace was described as abandoned and only used as a shelter for travelers.[8] Naser al-Din Shah Qajar later renovated the palace.[8] In 1917, a School of Farming was established on the site, replacing the earlier Mozaffari Agricultural School in Tehran.[8] Later, Reza Shah Pahlavi granted it to the University of Tehran's new Faculty of Agriculture.[8]

In the 1930s, plans were drawn up for a large industrial complex covering 216 hectares on the south side of the village.[8] This "Industrial Model Town of Karaj" was intended to be the site of the country's first steel mills, capitalizing on easy access to water and coal from the Alborz.[8] However, the construction equipment imported from Germany was seized by the British at the Suez Canal, and the planned complex was never built.[8]

A major industrial complex, the first privately-owned one in Karaj, was built in the 1960s by Mohammad-Sadeq Fateh.[8] This complex, called Shahrak-e Jahanshahr, included oil, tea, and textile factories as well as housing for the workers.[8]

The Morvārid Palace was constructed in nearby Mehršahr district, during the Pahlavi era. It was designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation (Taliesin Associated Architects) on instructions from Shams Pahlavi, elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In this period it was a transit and industrial town.

Majority of the structure is now controlled by the Basij Organization, and some sections of it are open to public under the operation of Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran.

Other historical sites of the city include the Mausoleum of Šāhzāde Soleymān, Emāmzāde Rahmān, Emāmzāde Zeyd, and Palang Ābād e Eštehārd.[9]

Geography

Regions

The downtown of Karaj is usually referred to Karaj Square, located hundred of meters to the west of Karaj River and the old Karaj Bridge. The villages Hesārak, Gowhar Dašt, and Šahrak e Azimie are located in the northern Greater Karaj.

Meškin Dašt, a large agricultural area between Mehršahr and Fardis, is near Karaj.

The following table includes the major districts of the city:

Gouhar Daŝt	Mehrŝahr	Kiānmehr	Karaj e Now	Hesārak	Deraxti	Azimie	Ouj	Ŝāhin Villā	Bonyād	Bāqestān	Doulat Ābād
Garm Darre	Ŝahrake Jahānŝahr	Mesbāh	Mehr Villā	Dehqān Villā	Māhdaŝt	Ŝahrake Banafŝe	Fardis	Vahdat	Kalāk o Hesār	Estām Ābād	Golŝahr
Golŝahr Villā	Zibā Daŝt	Zoube Āhan	Sāsāni	Homāyun Villā	Mehrānŝahr	Mehdi Ābād	Ŝahrake Xātam	Miān Jādde	Heydar Ābād	Sāwoj Bolāq	Bahārestān

Open space recreational areas of Karaj include Irānzamin Park, Pārk e Xānvāde, Tennis Park, Pārk e Mādar, Tāleqān Gardens, Kordān Gardens, Jahānšahr Gardens, Pardis e Golhā, and the Tulip Garden of Gačsār.

Climate

The climate of Karaj is a bit cooler than Tehran's, and it receives 250 mm of rain annually (and like Tehran, the precipitation pattern is similar to those of Mediterranean climates). The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies the city's climate as cold semi-arid (BSk).[10]

Amir Kabir Dam and some other small lakes are based in Karaj. The city is a starting point for a drive along road forced north through the Alborz mountain to the Caspian Sea.[17]

Demographics

The majority of the residents of Karaj are Persians, with Azerbaijanis making up the second major ethno-linguistic group of the city. Kurds, Gilak, Tabari and Lurs include the other ethnicities among the population of Karaj.

Gender segregation population in 2016

Male	Female	Total	Ref.
890,824	886,570	1,759,394	[19]

Population by age group in 2016 (%)

age (0–14 years)	age (15–29 years)	age (30–64 years)	age (65 years and older)
20.3%	23.6%	50.2%	6.0%

Transport

Railway

Karaj is connected by railway and highways to Tehran 40 km east and Qazvin 100 km northwest, and by commuter rail to the subway system of Tehran.

The city is served by an urban railway organization established on 21 December 2001.[20][21] It is also served by the Karaj Metro Station which was established on 7 March 1999, and is located in the south-eastern Karaj, near Tehran–Qazvin Freeway.

Karaj 6 lines information

Line	Line Route	Length	Stations
1	Germdareh – new city of Mehestan	43 km (26.7 mi)	6
2	Kamalshahr–Mallard	27 km (16 mi)	23
3	Karaj–Azimiyeh	14 km (9 mi)	12
4	Baghestan – Karaj (Payam) Airport	18 km (11.1 mi)	19
5	Shahid Moazen Boulevard – Mohamadshahr	12 km (7.5 mi)	10
6	Esteghlal Boulevard – Shahid Soltani Square	9 km(6 mi)	8
Total:		97 km (60 mi)	76

Road

The highway system of Karaj includes Tehran–Karaj Highway, Karaj Special Road, and the old road of Karaj (Fath Highway). Bākeri Expressway is one of the main north-to-south routes in west Tehran, which is connected to the Tehran–Karaj Highway.[22] Tehran–Karaj Highway is one of the busiest sections in Iran with AADT of 217084.[23] Karaj–Qazvin has an AADT of 79606.

The aerial transport of Karaj is served by the Payam International Airport, which was established in 1990, and was officially opened in 1997.

Bus

Currently, the total number of buses in Karaj and the suburbs are 1,600 units. More than 80 lines serve citizens.[24]

Preparing Alborz Card[25] can reduce the cost of travel tickets.

Metro

Karaj Metro is an efficient way to travel inside the city. One line connects west and east of the city (from Karaj Station to Golshahr Station). It continues eastward until Tehran. On its way to Tehran, it stops at Chitgar park and Azadi stadium. The second line of Karaj metro (north to south) is under construction.

Air

Payam International Airport, is an international airport located in Karaj, 40 kilometers (25  mi) from Tehran, in the Alborz Province of Iran. The airport was established in 1990, but was not opened officially until 1997. Payam Aviation Services Co. operates the airport as part of Payam Special Economic Zone. Payam Air previously operated an airmail hub at the airport. Currently, this airport and its special area are used for purposes such as cargo transit, commercial transportation, and goods mail in the development of the country's communication and information technology industries.

Economy

The economic base of Karaj is its proximity to Tehran. It is due to the transportation of products between Tehran and the Caspian Sea. Chemicals, fertilizers and processed agricultural goods are also produced in the city.

Zowb Āhan, the avenue leading to an industrial plant, is located at the south of Ostandar Square. Zowb e Āhan or Zowb Āhan, literally "steel mill", was a contract between the Pahlavi government and a consortium from Nazi Germany. The establishment of the factory Zowb Āhan e Karaj was halted by the beginning of the Second World War, and it was never launched.

Šahrak-e Jahānšahr was the first modern private industrial and housing complex of Karaj, built in the 1960s. The factories Jahān Čit (textile factory), Rowqan Nabāti e Jahān (oil factory), and Čāy e Jahān (tea factory), were established at the complex. It is one of the largest industrial zones of the nation, with a 20% share of the national GDP.

The special economic zone of Payam, with an area about 3,600 ha (36 km²; 8,900 acres) within the territory of Payam International Airport, was established in Karaj for development of air cargo and postal transportation, cold store, and packing services, as well as perishable and time sensitive exports. It is the only SEZ in the region with the privilege of its own airline.

Main sights

Historical

Historical tourist attractions

Place name	Image	Era	Notes
Gachsar Iron Road and Stone Bridge		Islamic era
Imamzadeh Ahmad and Mahmoud		Islamic era
Heljerd Mosque		Qajar
Karaj Central Mosque		Qajar
Kandovan Caravanserai		Qajar
Old Cemetery		Safavids
Plane trees Hesar		800 years
Cypress		1300 years
Agh Tapeh		Ancient
Mahdasht Rashteh Hills (Mardabad Hills)		3rd millennium BC	Historic stone carved dwellings.[26]
Yakh Morad Cave		Ancient	Walls of the cave are covered in ice and icicles during most seasons.[27] The name translates in English to "ice wishes" because it was thought that the ice from the pool near the end of the cave would cure diseases.[27]
Heydar Abad Bath		Safavids
Mesbah Bathhouse		Qajar	Noted for its historical architecture.[28][29]
Pearl Palace		Pahlavi	Pearl Palace was designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin Associated Architects in the 1970s.[26]
Shah Abbasi Caravanserai		Safavids	A historical caravanserai.[30]
Suleymanieh Palace (Solaymāniya Palace)		Qajar	In 1810, Soleiman Eskandari, the former prince governor of Kermānšāh, built the palace as a summer resort.[31] By 1860, this was no longer being used as a palace.[31]

Recreational

• Dizin
• Asara
• Varian
• Aghasht
• Arangeh
• Karaj River
• Karaj Baam
• Jahanshahr
• Fateh Garden
• Amir Kabir Dam
• Khor Ski Resort
• Atashgah, Alborz
• Pars Aqua Village
• Baraghan Rural District
• Mehr Shahr apple garden

Hotel

• Amir Kabir Hotel
• Saman Hotel
• Pardis Hotel
• MarMar Hotel
• Kandolus Hotel

Shopping center

• Nika Mall
• Eco Mall
• Mehrad Mall
• Mahestan Shopping Mall
• Taleghani Tower
• Mabna Center
• Mollasadra Shopping Center
• Royal Karaj
• Parsian Shopping Center
• Chechelas Shopping Centre
• Proma Hypermarket
• Iran Zamin Shopping Center
• Yademan Tower
• Alborz Bell Center
• Star Mall Commercial Complex

Street

• Ayatollah Taleghani Street
• Ayatollah Dastghib Street
• Ayatollah Madani
• Azadi Street
• Azadi Shomali Street
• Akhondi Street
• Iran Zamin Street
• Resalat Boulevard
• Kamalshahr Street
• 7 Tir Boulevard
• Valiasr Boulevard
• Shahriar Street
• Bahar Street
• Beheshti Street

Main neighborhoods

• Azimiyeh
• Mehrshahr
• Shahinvila
• Golshahr
• Fardis
• Baghestan
• Jahanshahr
• Asiab Borji
• Islam Abad
• Haji Abad
• Heydar Abad
• Ghezel Hesar
• Hesar
• Alley Karmandan Jonobi
• Dehghan Villa
• Kian Mehr

Education

Educational and research centers of the city include:

• University of Tehran (Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus)
• Kharazmi University (Karaj Campus)
• Tehran University of Art (Karaj Campus)
• Payame Noor University (Karaj Center)
• Alborz university of medical sciences
• Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch
• Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
• Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (Center of Agriculture and Nuclear Medicine)

Sports

Karaj was formerly home of the Persian Gulf Pro League club, Saipa, for several years and this club won its first league championship in this city, however in 2014 the team relocated to Tehran. Currently the only professional football team in city is Oxin Alborz that play in the Azadegan League. The Home stadium of Oxin Alborz F.C. is Enghelab Stadium that located in Karaj Enghelab sport complex and has a capacity of 15,000 people. The stadium held a match between Iran and Indonesia in June 2009. The stadium also held an international match, on May 1, 2012, where Iran's National Football team played Mozambique.

Saipa volleyball team lost to Kalleh in this stadium in 2011–12 and became the runner-up in the final match of the country's volleyball premier league. Saipa has won the runner-up title of Iran Super League seven times.

One of the international ski resorts of Iran The, Dizin ski resort, is located a few kilometers north-east of the city, in the Alborz. In Dizin, along with skiing facilities, there are tennis courtyards, a slope for skiing on turf, some altitudes for mountain climbing and walking as well as riding and some routes for cycling.[32] Karaj also has an international tennis complex which is used to training and tournaments. Jahanshahr International Tennis Complex is located in Bagh Fateh. This park has eight practice courts and one competition court with a capacity of 1,200 people. It is the only tennis complex in Iran that has covered courts.

People

Academia and scholars

• Saied Reza Ameli (b. 1961), a scholar of communication

Actors

• Mehran Rajabi (b. 1962), actor
• Mehraneh Mahin Torabi (b. 1957), actress

Politicians and political activists

• Shadi Amin (b. 1964), political activist, researcher
• Fatemeh Ajorlou (b. 1966), politician
• Mahmoud Bahmani (b. 1947), politician

Writers

• Hossein Sanapour (b. 1960), writer
• Saeed Kamali Dehghan (b. 1985), journalist
• Alisina Babazadeh

Athletes

• Ali Kiaei (b. 1987), futsal player
• Milad Farahani (b. 1988), football player
• Afshin Kazemi (b. 1986), futsal player
• Ahmad Sanjari (b. 1960), football coach
• Alireza Heidari (b. 1976), Olympic wrestler
• Mehdi Mahdavi (b. 1984), volleyball player
• Mojtaba Taghavi (b. 1968), football player
• Leila Esfandyari (1970–2011), mountain climber
• Ali Mohammadi (b. 1984), wrestler
• Ebrahim Sadeghi (b. 1979), football player
• Ebrahim Masoudi (b. 1982), futsal player
• Reza Mohammadi (b. 1986), football player
• Amin Manouchehri (b. 1986), football player
• Rouhollah Dadashi (1982–2011), powerlifter
• Mohammad Nosrati (b. 1981), football player
• Farshad Falahatzadeh (b. 1967), football player

See also

• Mehršahr
• Amir Kabir Dam
• Morvārid Palace

References

External links

• Karaj city portal
• About Alborz province (in Persian)
• Ministry of the Interior of Iran

На других языках

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[de] Karadsch

Karadsch (persisch کرج; englisch Karaj) ist eine Großstadt im Iran mit ungefähr 2 Millionen Einwohnern (2016) und einem starken Jugendanteil (rund 50 % der Einwohner). Die Stadt liegt auf 1300 m Höhe am Fuße des Elburs-Gebirges, ca. 40 km westlich von Teheran und ist Hauptort der Provinz Alborz.

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- [en] Karaj

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[ru] Кередж

Кере́дж[1] (перс. کرج‎), произносится: Карадж, — город на севере Ирана, пригород Тегерана, расположенный у подножия гор Эльбурс. Административный центр остана Альборз.

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