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Kinnaur is one of the twelve administrative districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India.[2] The district is divided into three administrative areas (Kalpa, Nichar (Bhabanagar), and Pooh) and has six tehsils. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Reckong Peo. The mountain peak of Kinnaur Kailash is found in this district. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12 districts), after Lahaul and Spiti.[3]

Kinnaur district
District of Himachal Pradesh
Valley in Kinnaur
Kinnaur district Location in Himachal Pradesh
Country	India
State	Himachal Pradesh
Headquarters	Reckong Peo
Tehsils	Kalpa, Pooh, Sangla, Moorang, Hangrang, Bhaba Nagar.
Area
• Total	6,401 km2 (2,471 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	84,121
• Density	13/km2 (34/sq mi)
• Urban	0.00%
Demographics
• Literacy	88.37%(male), 71.34%(female)
• Sex ratio	819[1]
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration	HP-25, HP-26, HP-27
Major highways	National Highway 5 (India)
Website	hpkinnaur.nic.in

General

Kinnaur is about 235 km (146 mi) from the state capital, Shimla, located in the northeast corner of Himachal Pradesh bordering Tibet to the east. It has three high mountain ranges, namely Zanskar and the Himalayas, that enclose the valleys of Baspa, Satluj, and Spiti, as well as their tributaries. The slopes are covered with thick wood, orchards, fields and hamlets. At the peak of Kinnaur Kailash mountain is a natural rock Shivling (Shiva lingam). The district was opened to outsiders in 1989. The old Hindustan-Tibet Road passes through the Kinnaur valley along the bank of river Sutlej and finally enters Tibet at Shipki La pass. Kinnaur is the second richest district in terms of per capita income after Solan in Himachal Pradesh.

History

Kinnaur was a part of erstwhile Chini Tehsil of Mahasu district. It became a separate district on 1 May 1960. Earlier, Kinnaur was a north-eastern segment of the erstwhile Bushahr principality, which had its capital at Kamru. Later, the capital was shifted to Rampur Bushahr. After the fall of the Kannauj Empire the rulers of Kamru annexed adjoining territories by force and laid the foundation of the state of Bushahr, to which the region of Kinnaur belonged till the dissolution of the state after independence of India. In the absence of authentic historical records the early history of the Kinnaur region is obscure and the reference of the Kinnaur or Kannaura and their land is by and large confined to legends and mythological accounts.[4]

Kinnaur also has historical cultural links with Ngari Prefecture of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.[5]

Geography

A mountainous area, ranging in altitude from 2,320 to 6,816 metres (7,612 to 22,362 ft), Kinnaur is one of the smallest districts in India by population. It is known for the Kinnaur Kailash, a mountain sacred to Hindus, close to the Chinese border.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	27,232	—
1911	28,470	+0.45%
1921	28,191	−0.10%
1931	30,445	+0.77%
1941	33,238	+0.88%
1951	34,475	+0.37%
1961	40,980	+1.74%
1971	49,835	+1.98%
1981	59,547	+1.80%
1991	71,270	+1.81%
2001	78,334	+0.95%
2011	84,121	+0.72%
source:[7]

According to the 2011 census, Kinnaur district has a population of 84,121.3 This gives it a ranking of 620th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 13 inhabitants per square kilometre (34/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 7.61%. Kinnaur has a sex ratio of 819 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80%.[8]

At the 2011 census, 72% of the population in the district spoke Kinnauri, 16.65% Hindi and 7.03% as their first language.[9]

Culture

Festivals of Kinnaur:

1. Saazo – January
2. Fagul or Holi – March
3. Bish – April
4. Dakhrian – July
5. Ukhyang – September

Climate

Most of Kinnaur enjoys a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with long winters from October to May, and short summers from June to September. The lower parts of the Sutlej Valley and the Baspa Valley receive monsoon rains. The Baspa valley receives highest rainfall in July month.[10] The upper areas of the valleys fall mainly in the rain-shadow area. These areas are considered to be arid regions, similar to the climate of Tibet and Central Asian countries. A study by the IIT Delhi in 2016 established that Kinnaur district has the cleanest air in the country[11]

Flora and fauna

Portions of Kinnaur are situated high in the Himalaya, where vegetation is sparse and consists primarily of hardy grasses. Alpine species such as juniper, pine, fir, cypress, and rhododendron can be found at elevations between 3,500 and 5,000 metres, primarily in Middle Kinnaur. At lower altitudes, temperate-climate trees are found, including oak, chestnut, maple, birch, alder, magnolia, apple, and apricot.

Yaks and dzos are reared by local farmers in the higher areas. Scattered populations of the Himalayan black bear and small ponies may also be found.

Politics

No.	Constituency	Member	Party		Remarks	Reference
68	Kinnaur (ST)	Jagat Singh Negi		Indian National Congress

Transport

Air

No direct flight commute to Kinnaur. The nearest airport is Shimla Airport that is connected with all the major cities.

Rail

Kinnaur does not have any railway service commuting directly to the place. One can reach Shimla that is connected by a narrow-gauge railway line from Kalka.[12]

Road

Connected by National Highway 05 Kinnaur can be easily reached via Shimla. Busses run by Himachal Road Transport Corporation ply from Shimla to different parts of Kinnaur.

Gallery

• 
  Nako
• 
  Kalpa
• 
  Sutlej River in Kinnaur Valley

See also

• Kinnauri Nati
• Kinnauri Shawl
• Kinnauri language
• West Himalayish languages (Kinnauri languages)
• Pahari Kinnauri language
• Chitkuli Kinnauri language
• Bhoti Kinnauri

References

External links

• The official website of Kinnaur
• DISTRICT PROFILE
• Photo Documentation of Lahul-Spiti and Kinnaur-November 2003
• About the 'Nako Research and Preservation Project (NRPP)' of the Vienna University, Austria
• Murmur of the Lonely Brook - a book by Debashis Dey based on Kinnaur and the practice of Polyandry
• Photo Gallery of Kinnaur and Spiti - Winter 2013
• Detailed Travel Guide on Kinnaur Valley
• "Language Map". Kinnaura Masihi Lok Sahitya Manch. Retrieved 6 November 2013.

На других языках

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[de] Kinnaur

Kinnaur (Hindi: किन्नौर Kinnaur [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}kɪnˈnɔːr]) ist einer der zwölf Distrikte des indischen Bundesstaates Himachal Pradesh. Er liegt an der Grenze zum Autonomen Gebiet Tibet (Volksrepublik China) im Himalaya. Die Hauptstadt ist Rekong Peo.

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- [en] Kinnaur district

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[ru] Киннаур

Киннаур (किन्नौर) — один из 12 округов Химачал-Прадеша, Индия. Округ сам в себе делится на три административные территории: Пух, Калпа, и Ничар. Также округ делится на пять техсилов. Столица округа город Реконг-Пео. В соответствии с древними индуистскими текстами Киннары — это племя полубогов. Из Санглской долины, и столицы округа Реконг Пео, Калпа, виден Киннаур-Кайлаш, считающийся местом пребывания Шивы.

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