Jorhat (/ˈdʒɔːrhɑːt/ (listen) JOR-haht) is one of the important cities and a growing urban centre in the state of Assam in India.[3][4][5]

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Jorhat
City
Clockwise from top: Sukapha Samannay Kshetra, night view of Gar-Ali, National Institute of Design, Millennium Park, Kaziranga University and Bhogdoi bridge
Nickname:  City Of Cultural Capital
Jorhat Location in Assam Show map of Assam Jorhat Jorhat (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 26.75°N 94.22°E / 26.75; 94.22
Country	India
State	Assam
Region	Upper Assam
District	Jorhat
Zone	3 (Central, East & West)
No. Of Wards	19
Established	1909
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Body	Jorhat Municipal Board
• Deputy Commissioner	Sri Ashok Kumar Barman, IAS
• Superintendent Of Police	Sri Ankur Jain, IPS
Area [1][2]
• Total	72.8 km2 (28.1 sq mi)
Elevation	116 m (381 ft)
Population
• Total	153,736
• Density	2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi)
Demonym	Jorhatian
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	7850XX
Telephone code	0376
Vehicle registration	AS-03
Sex Ratio	951 ♀️/ 1000 ♂️
Climate	Cwa
Official Language	Assamese
Literacy Rate	90.01% high
Lok Sabha Constituency	Jorhat
Vidhan Sabha Constituency	Jorhat, Titabar, Mariani, Teok
Website	jorhat.assam.gov.in

Etymology

Jorhat ("jor" means twin and "hat" means market) means two hats or mandis - "Masorhaat" and "Sowkihat" which existed on the opposite banks of the Bhugdoi river.

History

Jorhat was the last capital of the Ahom Kingdom, as a planned town under royal patronage. It is often spelt as "Jorehaut" during the British reign. In 1794, the Ahom King Gaurinath Singha shifted the capital from Sivasagar, erstwhile Rangpur to Jorhat. Many tanks were built around the capital city by the Ahom royalty such as Rajmao Pukhuri or Borpukhuri, Buragohain Pukhuri, Bolia Gohain Pukhuri, Kotoki Pukhuri and Mitha Pukhuri. This town was a flourishing and commercial metropolis but was destroyed by a series of Burmese invasion of Assam between 1817 and the arrival of the British force in 1824 under the stewardship of David Scott and Captain Richard.[6]

From the very first decade of the British rule, revolutionaries like Gomdhar Konwar, Dhananjay Borgohain, Jeuram Dihingia Baruah , and Peuli Phukan emerged. The British system of administration came into vogue in the year 1839 with an established Police Thana. During the great Sepoy Mutiny, Maniram Dewan and Piyali Barua were publicly hanged here in 1858.

In 1885, a narrow-gauge railway, Jorehaut Provincial Railway, became operational. In time, this contributed to the rapid growth of the tea industry.[7]

Geography

Jorhat is located at 26.75°N 94.22°E / 26.75; 94.22.[8] It has an average elevation of 116 metres (381 feet).

The municipality covers an area of 9 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi),[2] has 19 wards with a population of about 1.53 lakhs at present, with 72.8 square kilometres (28.1 sq mi) for master plan area.[9] The district spreads over 2,851 square kilometres (1,101 sq mi) and had a population of 870,000 according to a 1991 census. Population density at that time was 306 persons per square kilometre (793/sq mi). The sex ratio is 913 (913 females per 1000 males).

Demographics

Jorhat Municipal Board (covering the out growth area) had a population of 1,26,736 as of the 2011 census.[10]

The average literacy rate of Jorhat in 2011 was 91.39%. Gender-wise, male and female literacy were 93.63% and 88.99% respectively, which is one of the highest in the state. The total literates in Jorhat were 182,600 of which male and female were 96,806 and 85,794 respectively.

Jorhat's sex ratio stood at 935 females per 1000 males, according to the Census 2011 Directorate.

Hindus were 87.49% of the population, while Muslims were 10.50% and Christians 0.62% of the population respectively.[11]

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are 6.40% and 1.84% of the population respectively.[10]

Languages

Assamese is the predominant language and is spoken by 70.08% of the population, while Bengali was spoken by 12.27%. Hindi (11.60%) and Bhojpuri (1.01%) are spoken by migrants from the Gangetic plains, such as traders and labourers. Other small languages in the city include Marwari, Sadri, Santali, Sora and Odia which in total are spoken by 5.04% of the population.[12]

Culture

Jorhat has contributed in the fields of arts, culture and tradition of the contemporary Assamese society. In 1896, Jorhat Theatre was established to perform cultural activities and dramas by some renowned people of the town. The Chandrakanta Handique Bhawan, the headquarters of Asam Sahitya Sabha was established in 1926. Jorhat has produced creative writers, historians and journalists. Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, the first Assamese to win India's highest literature award, the Jnanpith Award, was from Jorhat.[13]

Media

The daily newspapers which have Jorhat editions include Dainik Janambhumi, Amar Asom, Dainik Agradoot and Asomiya Khabar in Assamese, the Purbanchal Prohori in Hindi and The Telegraph in English. The Eastern Clarion was the first English daily published in the city, but it was ceased. Apart from the dailies, weekly newspapers including Saptahik Janambhumi are also published in Jorhat. City Guide of Jorhat was the first yellow pages, published in July 1987. The first online yellow pages of Jorhatmycity was initiated in January 2013. Jorhat has a radio broadcast station of All India Radio (AIR) located in the outskirts of the city at Garmur.

District Court

The District & Sessions Judge Upper Assam District Jorhat was created on 15 November 1948 and has been made permanent w.e.f the 1 April 1953. The first roll of honor of District & Sessions Judge of Assam Valley, Upper Assam Districts, Jorhat District was Mr. S.K Das, MA, BL. Presently, the territorial jurisdiction of the District is extended over 2(two) sub-divisions namely Majuli Sub-Division and Titabar Sub-Division. Altogether, the District & Sessions Judge and the Chief Judicial Magistrate comprise 15 courts manned by Judicial Officers of various grades. The District & Sessions Judge together with the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court Complex, Jorhat is situated in the heart of the city. The Present District & Sessions Judge as the head of the establishment is Shri Mridul Kumar Kalita. The present Chief Judicial Magistrate, Jorhat, the head of all the Criminal Courts is Sri Vijay Kumar Singh.[14][15]

Transport

Air

Jorhat Airport (JRH), commonly known as Rowriah Airport, is located at Rowriah, which is within the city itself, approximately seven kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city centre. The airport has daily flights connectivity operated by IndiGo to Kolkata, New Delhi and Guwahati. It is controlled by the Airports Authority of India.

Rail

The first rail connectivity of Jorhat began in the British era. In 1885, Jorehaut Provincial Railway, a narrow-gauge railway services became operational and it contributed to the growth of the tea industry in Upper Assam.

Jorhat is served by Jorhat Town railway station[16] which lies on the Furkating-Jorhat-Mariani branch line of Tinsukia railway division. Mariani Junction railway station,[17] the major railway junction of the district is about 18 km (11 mi) from Jorhat. It falls in the Lumding-Dibrugarh section and is well connected to all the large cities of the country by long-distance express trains.

Road

The Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) of Jorhat is at Kotokipukhuri, Tarajan. It provides connectivity to elsewhere in the state and the Northeast with regular buses from ASTC and private operators. Auto-rickshaws, local cabs and rickshaws are the main mode of public transport within the city.

Waterways

The daily ferry services connect the Nimati ghat with Kamalabari in Majuli. The Neamati multimodal waterways terminal on Brahmaputra National Waterway 2 in Jorhat district is part of the Bharatmala and Sagarmala projects.[18] There are 19 National Waterways for the Northeast connectivity.

Education and research institutions

Research institutes

• Central Eri & Muga Research Training Institute, Ladoigarh, under Central Silk Board[19]
• Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute, Jorhat[20]
• Institute of Biotechnology & Geotectonics Studies (INBIGS),[21] ONGC[22] Complex, Cinnamara, Jorhat - 785008
• North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat (N.E.I.S.T.) (formerly R.R.L., Jorhat)[23] under CSIR, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India
• Rain Forest Research Institute (R.F.R.I.), Jorhat under I.C.F.R.E., Min. of Environment & Forests, Govt.of India
• Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association (T.R.A.) Tocklai[24] under Tea Research Association, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India
• College of Sericulture, under Assam Agriculture University

Universities

• Assam Agricultural University (A.A.U.), under Government of Assam
• Assam Women's University, under Government of Assam
• Kaziranga University[25]

Technical institutes

• HRH The Prince of Wales Institute of Engineering and Technology
• Jorhat Engineering College, Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Assam
• Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology, formerly Science College, Jorhat, Government of Assam[26]
• Kaziranga University, Mohbondha, Jorhat
• North East Institute of Management Science, (opposite the N.E.I.S.T.), Jorhat[27]

Design institute

• National Institute of Design, Jorhat[28]

Medical institutes

• Jorhat Medical College and Hospital[29] under the State Government of Assam
• Medical Institute Jorhat, under the Government of Assam.
• Dr. J.K. Saikia Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Jorhat[30]

Training institute

• Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Jorhat [31]

Colleges

• Bahona College[32]
• CKB Commerce College[33]
• D.C.B. Girls College[34]
• Jagannath Barooah College[35]
• Jorhat College[36]
• Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology (formerly Jorhat Science College).[26]
• Jorhat Kendriya Mahavidyalaya
• Jorhat Law College, M.G. Road, Jorhat[37]
• Kakojan College, Kakojan[38]
• Dr. Nobin Bordoloi College, Dhekiajuli[39]
• Cinnamara College, Cinnamara

Junior Colleges

• Luit Valley Academy [40]
• NKEM Science Academy Junior College[41]

Schools

• Balya Bhavan, Jorhat
• Carmel Convent School, Cinnamara[42]
• Delhi Public School, Jorhat, Sarucharai Gharfalia[43]
• Dipankar Vidyapith
• Don Bosco High School, Baghchung[44]
• Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Jorhat[45]
• Jonaki Sangha Vidyalay, Jorhat
• Jorhat Govt. Boys' H.S and M.P. School
• Sankardev Seminary High School[46]
• Shemford Futuristic School, Choladhara[47]
• Spring Dale High School[48]
• St. Mary's High School, Jorhat, Rowriah
• Kendriya Vidyalaya (Indian Air Force Station),[49] Jorhat-785005
• Kendriya Vidyalaya, NEIST (RRL),[50] Jorhat-785006
• Kendriya Vidyalaya, (ONGC), Cinnamara[51]

Sports

The multipurpose Jorhat Stadium, which is the oldest stadium of Assam, established in 1950.[52] It has hosted many Ranji Trophy matches. The historic football tournament ATPA Shield held every year in this venue. Professional football club Jorhat Town Club uses the stadium as their home ground.[53]

Politics

Jorhat is part of Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency).[54] Bharatiya Janata Party's Topon Kumar Gogoi the current Member of Parliament serving the 17th Lok Sabha from Jorhat, Assam. While Hitendra Nath Goswami of BJP is the incumbent MLA from Jorhat assembly constituency.[55]

Notable people

• Krishna Kanta Handique, Sanskrit scholar, Indologist and philanthropist
• Amulya Barua, Assamese poet
• Ananda Chandra Barua, Assamese poet, dramatist, former president of Asam Sahitya Sabha
• Ananda Chandra Dutta, Botanist
• Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, The first Jnanpith Award-winning Assamese writer
• Ganesh Gogoi, Assamese poet
• Hiren Bhattacharyya, Assamese poet
• Hemendra Prasad Barooah, Tea planter and industrialist
• Tarun Gogoi, former Chief Minister of Assam.
• Jadav Payeng, The "Forest Man of India"
• Jagannath Barooah, Scholar, tea planter, philanthropist
• Jitendra Nath Goswami, Chief scientist of Chandrayaan -1
• Ranjit Barthakur, Businessman and chairman of Rajasthan Royals
• Anuradha Sharma Pujari, Assamese journalist and author
• Zubeen Garg, Assamese and Bollywood singer
• Joi Barua, Assamese and Bollywood singer
• Bijoy Krishna Handique, Former Union Minister
• Hitendra Nath Goswami, Former Speaker of Assam Legislative Assembly, MLA of Jorhat
• Akhil Gogoi, Prominent social activist, MLA from Sivasagar
• Prastuti Parashar, Assamese film actress
• Jayanta Nath, Singer, Composer, Music Director
• Anwara Taimur, First Woman Chief Minister of Assam
• Pitambar Deva Goswami, Spiritual leader, Prominent social worker
• Bijoya Chakravarty, Former Lok Sabha MP from Guwahati (Born in Jorhat)
• Gaurav Gogoi, Lok Sabha MP from Kaliabor
• Wasbir Hussain, Journalist

See also

• Jorhat Municipal Board
• Jorehaut Provincial Railway
• Jorhat Stadium
• Jorhat Gymkhana Club
• Timeline of Jorhat

References

External links

Look up jorhat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jorhat.

• Jorhat travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Jorhat NIC
• Shree Digamber Jain Samaj Jorhat
• Jorhat census 2011

На других языках

[de] Jorhat

[ru] Джорхат