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Gaillon (French pronunciation: [ɡajɔ̃]) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.

Gaillon
Commune
View of Gaillon from the castle
Location of Gaillon
Gaillon
Gaillon
Coordinates: 49°10′N 1°20′E
CountryFrance
RegionNormandy
DepartmentEure
ArrondissementLes Andelys
CantonGaillon
IntercommunalityCA Seine-Eure
Government
  Mayor (20202026) Odile Hantz
Area
1
10.19 km2 (3.93 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2019)[1]
6,860
  Density670/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
27275 /27600
Elevation8–144 m (26–472 ft)
(avg. 59 m or 194 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

History


The origins of Gaillon are not really known. In 892, Rollo, a Viking chief, might have ravaged Gaillon and the region, before he became the first prince of the Normans and count of Rouen in 911.

The Gaillon history did begin, when the first dukes of Normandy built a keep to defend the border of Normandy against their enemies : the kings of France. The first castle of Gaillon belonged to a whole system of defence along the Norman border such as Evreux, Pacy-sur-Eure, Vernon, Malassis, Gasny, Baudemont, etc.

In 1192 King Philip II Augustus of France seized the castle in his battle with Richard the Lion Heart to conquer Normandy. Richard decided to build a new one a few kilometers away in Les Andelys on the other bank of the Seine River : Château Gaillard.

In 1262 the castle was exchanged between King Louis IX and Eudes Rigaud (Archbishop of Rouen) and it became the residence of the Rouen archbishops until the French Revolution.

In 1419 the city was put under siege by Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence and his English army. It was subsequently retaken by the French, and then by the English. Five years later John Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford, ordered the demolition of all fortifications, sparing only the home of the archbishop.

A new castle was built around 1500 - 1509 by Georges d'Amboise, Archbishop of Rouen and Minister of Louis XII in the modern Renaissance style recently imported from Italy. It is often considered the very first renaissance castle in France, before the Loire castles were built. Finally it was turned into a prison in 1815, which it remained until 1905.

Gaillon was reached by the Paris-Rouen road in 1730. A lock was built at Notre-Dame-de-la-Garenne on the river Seine in 1840. In 1866 a colony (Douaire), for the agricultural rehabilitation of young offenders, was built in the city.

In 1899 the first hill climb for racing automobiles was begun, climbing through Sainte-Barbe-sur-Gaillon.[2]


Population


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 1,054    
1800 925−1.85%
1806 1,050+2.14%
1821 1,022−0.18%
1831 1,143+1.13%
1836 1,143+0.00%
1841 2,596+17.83%
1846 2,856+1.93%
1851 3,206+2.34%
1856 3,578+2.22%
1861 3,340−1.37%
1866 3,219−0.74%
1872 3,335+0.59%
1876 3,474+1.03%
1881 3,488+0.08%
1886 3,198−1.72%
1891 3,206+0.05%
1896 3,016−1.21%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 2,769−1.69%
1906 2,479−2.19%
1911 2,612+1.05%
1921 2,622+0.04%
1926 1,836−6.88%
1931 2,023+1.96%
1936 1,968−0.55%
1946 2,393+1.97%
1954 2,562+0.86%
1962 3,152+2.62%
1968 3,604+2.26%
1975 4,318+2.62%
1982 5,845+4.42%
1990 6,303+0.95%
1999 6,861+0.95%
2007 6,880+0.03%
2012 7,175+0.84%
2017 6,924−0.71%
Source: EHESS[3] and INSEE (1968-2017)[4]

See also



References


  1. "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
  2. n.s. "Early hill-climbs". Autosport. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  3. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Gaillon, EHESS. (in French)
  4. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE




На других языках


[de] Gaillon

Gaillon ist eine französische Gemeinde mit 6860 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2019) im Département Eure in der Region Normandie. Das Stadtbild wird von der mächtigen Toranlage des Renaissance-Schlosses auf dem Bergvorsprung oberhalb der Stadt beherrscht.
- [en] Gaillon

[ru] Гайон (Эр)

Гайон (фр. Gaillon) — коммуна на севере Франции, регион Нормандия, департамент Эр, округ Лез-Андели, центр одноименного кантона. Расположена в 27 км к северо-востоку от Эврё и в 48 км к юго-востоку от Руана, в 4 км от автомагистрали А13 "Нормандия". В 3,5 км к северо-востоку от центра коммуны находится железнодорожная станция Гайон-Обвуа линии Париж-Гавр.



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