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Arc-et-Senans (French pronunciation: [aʁk e sənɑ̃]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Arc-et-Senans
Commune
Royal Saltworks
Location of Arc-et-Senans
Arc-et-Senans
Arc-et-Senans
Coordinates: 47°01′59″N 5°46′45″E
CountryFrance
RegionBourgogne-Franche-Comté
DepartmentDoubs
ArrondissementBesançon
CantonSaint-Vit
IntercommunalityLoue-Lison
Government
  Mayor (20202026) Jacques Maurice
Area
1
14.98 km2 (5.78 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2019)[1]
1,619
  Density110/km2 (280/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
25610 /39210
Elevation226–292 m (741–958 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The Royal Saltworks, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982, is located here.[2]


Geography


Arc-et-Senans is a large commune located some 32 km south-west of Besançon and 30 km east by south-east of Dole. It lies between the Loue river in the south and the Chaux forest in the north at 250 metres altitude. The northern western, and southern borders of the commune are the departmental border between Doubs and Jura. Only the short north-eastern border connects the commune to Doubs. Access to the commune is by the D17 from Liesle in the north-east which passes through the town and continues west, changing to the D7 at the border, to Chissey-sur-Loue. The D31 comes from Rans in the north, changing to the D17E at the border, and continues south, changing again to the D32, to Cramans. The commune has several hamlets: Arc to the west of the main town and Senans to the north-east almost link into one town. Then there are also the hamlets of Le Defois and Le Vernois. There is an SNCF railway station at Arc-et-Senans town which is a junction for two lines and is served by the TER Franche-Comté. There are forests to the north but most of the commune is farmland.[3]

The Loue river forms the southern and eastern border of the commune as it continues south to join the Doubs near Molay. The Ruisseau de la Reverotte flows from the north-east of the commune down the western side and forms part of the western border before continuing west to join the Loue east of Belmont.[3]


Neighbouring communes and villages


[3]


Toponymy


Arc-et-Senans was known as Petregium (Roche-sur-Loue) cited in the Chronicle by Saint-Benignus. It was Arcum in 1049, Sonans in 1275, Cenans et Arc en Valoye in 1490, and Arc en Vallois in 1681.[4]


History


Traces of occupation dating back to the Roman era have been found, especially at a place called Le Cretot. Bones with broken tiles and bricks were visible in the soil during excavation. Father Letondal in his book Arc-et-Senans through the ages (in French) published in 1927 tells a quite complete communal history.


Heraldry


Arms of Arc-et-Senans
Arms of Arc-et-Senans
Blazon:

Quarterly, at 1 Gules a fleur-de-lis bendy; at 2 Or, 3 bunches of grapes Argent leaved in Vert and posed 2 and 1; at 3 Or, a chevron Sable between 3 doves Vert in flight; at 4 Gules, 3 falcons Or perched of Sable posed 2 and 1.




Administration


List of Successive Mayors[5]

FromToName
20012008Jean Vaurs
20082026Jacques Maurice

Demography


In 2017 the commune had 1,624 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 1,198    
1800 1,428+2.54%
1806 1,501+0.83%
1821 1,410−0.42%
1831 1,594+1.23%
1836 1,657+0.78%
1841 1,681+0.29%
1846 1,605−0.92%
1851 1,504−1.29%
1856 1,491−0.17%
1861 1,533+0.56%
1866 1,528−0.07%
1872 1,425−1.16%
1876 1,354−1.27%
1881 1,290−0.96%
1886 1,312+0.34%
1891 1,306−0.09%
1896 1,229−1.21%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 1,179−0.83%
1906 1,204+0.42%
1911 1,179−0.42%
1921 1,060−1.06%
1926 1,200+2.51%
1931 1,201+0.02%
1936 1,268+1.09%
1946 1,290+0.17%
1954 1,247−0.42%
1962 1,308+0.60%
1968 1,236−0.94%
1975 1,231−0.06%
1982 1,303+0.82%
1990 1,277−0.25%
1999 1,364+0.73%
2007 1,438+0.66%
2012 1,537+1.34%
2017 1,624+1.11%
Source: EHESS[6] and INSEE[7]

Economy


The economic life of Arc-et-Senans is largely oriented towards tourism. The Royal Saltworks attracts 150,000 visitors per year (2000). In addition some small industry has developed, mainly in wood and to a lesser extent plastics. Finally there is still about a dozen farms which traditionally are oriented towards dairy cattle and grain farming.


Culture and heritage


Château de Roche-sur-Loue
Château de Roche-sur-Loue

Civil heritage


The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

The Graduation Building
The Graduation Building
Gallery of Pictures of the Royal Saltworks

Religious heritage


The religious heritage of the town is complemented by several wayside crosses erected in the village and by the presence of two chapels.

The Chapel of Arc was built with donations from parishioners and consecrated in 1913. It is dedicated to the Sacred Heart. The bell tower has been rebuilt over nearly 25 years: farmers funded the work by donating the proceeds of the sale of the dairy factory. A complete renovation of the building was completed in 1997 by a team of volunteers.

The Chapel de la Grotte des Essarts[12] (Chapel of the Essarts Cave) was built after the cholera epidemic of 1854. Father Coutteret vowed to build this monument if the Virgin Mary protected the parish. It is a stone building located on a natural promontory overlooking the village and the Royal Saltworks. A procession is held every 15 August. In 2006 the procession was carried out at night with torches and the chapel was illuminated for the occasion with a generator. The commune has renovated the chapel through a subscription.

The Church of Saint-Bénigne was built in the 19th century in the classical style. The bell tower was rebuilt exactly in 1921 following a fire caused by a storm. The church has two organs. It also has many items that are registered as historical objects:


Transportation


Arc-et-Senans railway station
Arc-et-Senans railway station

The commune has a railway station, Arc-et-Senans, on the Franois–Arc-et-Senans [fr] and Dijon–Vallorbe lines.


Notable people linked to the commune



See also





References


  1. "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
  2. "From the Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains to the Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans, the Production of Open-pan Salt". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  3. Google Maps
  4. Jean Courtieu, Dictionary of communes in the department of Doubs, CÊTRE, Besançon, 1982, Vol. 1, (in French)
  5. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  6. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Arc-et-Senans, EHESS. (in French)
  7. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  8. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00101438 Chateau d'Arc (in French)
  9. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00101775 Saltworks (in French)
  10. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00101440 Royal Saltworks (in French)
  11. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00101439 Chateau de Roche (in French)
  12. Essarts Cave (in French)
  13. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000033 Painting: Christ and the chananéenne (in French)
  14. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000032 Painting: Virgin and Child with donors (in French)
  15. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000031 Painting: The Saintly Family (in French)
  16. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000030 Painting: Placing in the Tomb (in French)
  17. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000029 Painting: Saint Joseph and the infant Jesus (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000028 Painting: The Redemption (in French)
  19. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25000027 4 Paintings: Scenes of the life of the Virgin (in French)
  20. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25001816 Wayside Cross (in French)
  21. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM25001815 Pulpit (in French)
  22. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM25005046 Painting: Placing in the Tomb (in French)
  23. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM25005045 Painting: Virgin and child (in French)

На других языках


[de] Arc-et-Senans

Arc-et-Senans ist eine französische Gemeinde mit 1619 Einwohnern (Stand: 1. Januar 2019) im Département Doubs in der Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Besançon und zum Gemeindeverband Loue-Lison.
- [en] Arc-et-Senans



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