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Sept-Îles (Quebec French pronunciation : [sɛ.t͡s‿ɪl] (listen), French for "Seven Islands") is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec. It is among the northernmost locales with a paved connection to the rest of Quebec's road network. The population was 25,686 as of the 2011 Canadian census. The town is called Uashat, meaning "bay" in Innu-aimun.[8]

For the islands in north of Brittany, see Jentilez.
For other uses, see Sept-Îles.
Sept-Îles
City
Aerial view of Sept-Îles taken in 2014
Coat of arms
Sept-Îles
Location in Côte-Nord region of Quebec.
Coordinates: 50°13′N 66°23′W[1][3]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionCôte-Nord
RCMSept-Rivières
ConstitutedFebruary 12, 2003
Government
[4]
 • MayorSteeve Beaupré
 • Federal ridingManicouagan
 • Prov. ridingDuplessis
Area
[4][5]
 • City2,140.10 km2 (826.30 sq mi)
 • Land1,764.13 km2 (681.13 sq mi)
 • Urban
[6]
19.69 km2 (7.60 sq mi)
 • Metro
[7]
1,770.52 km2 (683.60 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[5]
 • City28,534
 • Density16.1/km2 (42/sq mi)
 • Urban
[6]
23,326
 • Urban density1,184.5/km2 (3,068/sq mi)
 • Metro
[7]
28,487
 • Metro density16.1/km2 (42/sq mi)
 • Pop 2011-2016
 0.2%
 • Dwellings
12,275
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Postal code(s)
G4R, G4S
Area code(s)418 and 581
Highways Route 138
Websitewww.ville.sept-iles.qc.ca

The city is well known for having major iron companies like Iron Ore Company of Canada and the Cleveland-Cliffs mining company. The city relies heavily on the iron industry. Sept-Îles has among the highest average wages and the highest average wage increases.[9]

The only settlements on the paved road network that are farther north are Fermont, Radisson and Chisasibi, the latter two of which are in the extreme western part of the province at the north end of the James Bay Road. The only other settlements at higher latitudes in the province are mostly isolated Cree, Innu, or Inuit villages, with access limited to seasonal gravel roads.

Sept-Îles is the seat of the judicial district of Mingan.[10] The city is also home to the most highly-attended recreational volleyball tournament in the province: the Tournoi Orange, which consists of 405 teams and close to 800 volleyball games.[11]


History and economy


Satellite view of Sept-Îles
Satellite view of Sept-Îles

The first inhabitants of the area were varying cultures of aboriginal peoples. The historic Montagnais or Innu people, who called it Uashat ("Great Bay"), lived there at the time of European encounter. Jacques Cartier sailed by the islands in 1535 and made the first written record of them, calling them the Ysles Rondes ("Round Islands"). He was not the first European in the area, as he encountered Basque fishermen who came annually from Europe for whaling and cod fishing.

Early European economic activity in Sept-Îles was based on fishing and the fur trade. Louis Joliet established trading posts by 1679. Great Britain took over Canada from France in 1763 after its victory in the Seven Years' War. In 1842 the Hudson's Bay Company founded another post at this location. The village was incorporated into a municipality in 1885.

Lacking road access at the time, the town got its first pier in 1908. The City of Sept-Îles was incorporated in 1951, on the 300th anniversary of the first Catholic Mass held in the village.

The modern Sept-Îles was built rapidly during the construction of the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway, the 575 km (357 mi) railway link to the northern town of Schefferville. The railway was built between 1950 and 1954 by the Iron Ore Company of Canada. Iron ore mined near Schefferville and Wabush, Labrador, was transported on this railway and shipped from the Port of Sept-Îles. Shipment of the important new commodity resulted in investments that turned this into a major port.[12]

Aluminerie Alouette inc.
Aluminerie Alouette inc.

With the iron ore business, the Sept-Îles deep-water seaport was second in Canada only to Vancouver in terms of yearly tonnage. The huge engineering project led to a major increase in population, and housing was quickly built to accommodate them. The town grew from 2,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 14,000 in 1961, and 31,000 in 1981. The decline in worldwide iron ore prices in recent decades[which?] has since caused employment and population to decrease.

During the early 1990s, some new jobs accompanied the construction and operation of the new Aluminerie Alouette inc. aluminum processing plant. Construction for Phase 1 began in September 1989, and operation started in 1992. Construction of Phase 2 began in 2003.

In 2002 the city amalgamated with the communities of Gallix and Moisie. The city includes the neighbourhoods of Arnaud, Clarke-City, De Grasse, de la Pointe, de la Rivière, Ferland, La Boule, Lac Labrie, Matamec, Plages, Pointe-Noire and Val-Marguerite.


Transportation


The Sept-Îles Airport has connections all over Quebec and Labrador. General aviation seaplanes are served by Sept-Îles/Lac Rapides Water Aerodrome. Air Gaspé was based in Sept-Îles, but acquired by Quebecair in 1973. In the 1980s, continued airline restructuring led to Quebecair's being acquired by CP Air in 1986, which in turn was taken over by Canadian Airlines in 1987.

Tshiuetin Rail Transportation also operates a passenger rail service north to Emeril, Labrador (near Labrador City) which continues northward towards its terminus in Schefferville, Quebec.

Groupe Desgagnés operates the Bella Desgagnés passenger and cargo ship along the lower St. Lawrence from Rimouski to Blanc-Sablon from mid-April to mid-January.[13]


Geography


Located on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, between the Sainte-Marguerite and Moisie rivers, Sept-Îles lies on the shore of a deep-water bay fronted by a seven-island archipelago, about 230 kilometres east of Baie-Comeau. The bay constitutes a 45 km2 natural harbour.

The seven islands are named:

The archipelago is under provincial jurisdiction, with some parts administered by the federal government or by individuals.

There are two First Nations reserves in the area: Uashat in the western city proper, and Maliotenam in the east near the Moisie River.


Climate


Northern lights at the Lac des Rapides.
Northern lights at the Lac des Rapides.

Sept-Îles has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb) despite being located at around only 50 degrees latitude. The two main seasons are summer and winter, as spring and autumn are very short transition seasons lasting only a few weeks. Winters are long, very cold, and snowy, lasting from late October to late April, but milder than more inland locations, with a January high of −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) and a January low of −20.9 °C (−5.6 °F). Overall precipitation is unusually high for a subarctic climate, and snow totals correspondingly heavy, averaging 384.6 cm (151.4 in) per season, with an average depth of 16 cm (6.3 in) annually or 37.6 cm (14.8 in) from December to April inclusive. Summers are mildly warm, with a July high of 19.6 °C (67.3 °F); summers thus display stronger maritime influence than do winters. Precipitation is significant year-round, but it is lowest from January to March.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Sept-Îles was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) on 18 June 2020.[14] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −45.6 °C (−50.1 °F) on 29 January 1913.[15] The coldest temperature was recorded at Clarke City, which was the primary weather station for the area until records began at Sept-Îles Airport in September 1944.[16][17]

Climate data for Sept-Îles (Sept-Îles Airport)
Climate ID: 7047910; coordinates 50°13′N 66°16′W; elevation: 54.9 m (180 ft); 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1903−present[lower-alpha 1]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0)		 10.6
(51.1)		 16.4
(61.5)		 22.8
(73.0)		 29.4
(84.9)		 37.4
(99.3)		 33.9
(93.0)		 31.1
(88.0)		 30.0
(86.0)		 25.6
(78.1)		 17.2
(63.0)		 9.4
(48.9)		 37.4
(99.3)
Average high °C (°F) −9.8
(14.4)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 4.0
(39.2)		 10.7
(51.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 19.5
(67.1)		 19.1
(66.4)		 14.2
(57.6)		 7.8
(46.0)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 5.6
(42.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.3
(4.5)		 −13.6
(7.5)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 0.2
(32.4)		 6.2
(43.2)		 11.8
(53.2)		 15.2
(59.4)		 14.4
(57.9)		 9.8
(49.6)		 3.7
(38.7)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 1.0
(33.8)
Average low °C (°F) −20.8
(−5.4)		 −19.3
(−2.7)		 −11.7
(10.9)		 −3.7
(25.3)		 1.7
(35.1)		 7.0
(44.6)		 10.8
(51.4)		 9.8
(49.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 −15.3
(4.5)		 −3.6
(25.5)
Record low °C (°F) −43.3
(−45.9)		 −43.3
(−45.9)		 −37.2
(−35.0)		 −26.4
(−15.5)		 −16.1
(3.0)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −18.9
(−2.0)		 −28.9
(−20.0)		 −38.3
(−36.9)		 −43.3
(−45.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 81.7
(3.22)		 68.6
(2.70)		 81.3
(3.20)		 92.1
(3.63)		 86.9
(3.42)		 99.1
(3.90)		 104.4
(4.11)		 84.4
(3.32)		 108.7
(4.28)		 104.1
(4.10)		 109.2
(4.30)		 99.4
(3.91)		 1,119.9
(44.09)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.3
(0.33)		 13.9
(0.55)		 24.4
(0.96)		 49.2
(1.94)		 76.7
(3.02)		 99.1
(3.90)		 104.4
(4.11)		 84.4
(3.32)		 108.7
(4.28)		 98.0
(3.86)		 62.4
(2.46)		 18.1
(0.71)		 747.5
(29.43)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 84.1
(33.1)		 59.7
(23.5)		 57.8
(22.8)		 36.4
(14.3)		 8.1
(3.2)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.05
(0.02)		 5.3
(2.1)		 46.0
(18.1)		 87.2
(34.3)		 384.6
(151.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16.5 13.4 13.7 12.7 13.8 13.6 16.4 14.1 13.7 15.5 14.9 15.6 173.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 1.4 1.6 3.9 7.8 13.2 13.6 16.4 14.1 13.8 14.4 8.3 2.7 111.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 16.4 12.5 12.4 7.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.5 9.7 14.8 77.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 104.0 134.4 150.8 170.1 223.4 221.2 240.9 220.4 154.0 131.2 93.5 93.7 1,937.6
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada,[18][19][20] (sun 1961−1990),[21] Clarke City (1903−1944)[16]

Demographics


Historical Census Data - Sept-Îles, Quebec[22]
YearPop.±%
1991 24,848—    
1996 25,224+1.5%
2001 23,791−5.7%
(2002) 25,392+6.7%
2006 25,514+0.5%
2011 25,686+0.7%
Sept-Îles in 1959
Sept-Îles in 1959

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sept-Îles had a population of 24,569 living in 11,272 of its 12,814 total private dwellings, a change of -3.3% from its 2016 population of 25,400. With a land area of 1,742.88 km2 (672.93 sq mi), it had a population density of 14.1/km2 (36.5/sq mi) in 2021.[23]

Canada census – Sept-Îles, Quebec community profile
2011
Population25,686 (+0.7% from 2006)
Land area1,764.13 km2 (681.13 sq mi)
Population density14.6/km2 (38/sq mi)
Median age42.1 (M: 41.7, F: 42.4)
Total private dwellings12,029
Median household income$62,441
References: 2011[5] earlier[24][25]

In 2011, the Institution de la Statistique du Québec reported that, with a population of 25,530 inhabitants, Sept-Îles' population was 95.7% francophone, 2.3% anglophone and 2% allophone (usually speaking Innu).[26] Also in 2011, Statistics Canada reported that, with a population of 28,487 people, 86.2% of the Sept-Îles population cited French only as their mother tongue, 10.3% reported only a native or non-official language, and 2.7% reported English only.[27]

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Sept-Îles, Quebec[22]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2011
25,295
 23,875 1.7% 94.39% 745 2.0% 2.94% 160 3.1% 0.63% 515 36.8% 2.04%
2006
25,190
 23,460 5.1% 93.13% 760 3.2% 3.02% 155 34.0% 0.62% 815 57.7% 3.23%
2001
23,630
 22,265 5.9% 94.22% 785 11.3% 3.32% 235 40.4% 0.99% 345 4.2% 1.46%
1996
25,040
 23,655 n/a 94.47% 885 n/a 3.53% 140 n/a 0.56% 360 n/a 1.44%

Tourism


RMS Queen Mary 2 during her maiden call on October 2nd 2017
RMS Queen Mary 2 during her maiden call on October 2nd 2017

Since 2009, Sept-Îles has been part of the Saint-Laurent destination circuit, which has nine international cruise ports. On a larger scale, an alliance is being created with other ports in northeastern America and Canada under the auspices of Canada New England.[28] The international cruises in Sept-Îles are led by the non-profit organization Destination Sept-Îles Nakauinanu.M[29] The organization's mission is to enable the various public and private bodies to enjoy a permanent structure, in the form of a one-stop shop, enabling them to work jointly on the development and promotion of the City of Sept-Îles and from its surroundings to international cruise lines. The main partners involved in the development of international cruises are the city of Sept-Îles, the Port of Sept-Îles, the and Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam.[30][31]

As of 2018, more than 55,000 international visitors have visited the port of call. Cunard, P & O Cruises, Cruise and Maritime Voyages, Phoenix Reisen, Holland America Line, Oceania Cruises, Regent Seven Seas, Silversea, Saga Cruises, Crystal Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Pearl Seas Cruises and Transocean Tours are among the clients of the port. On September 7, 2019, when Royal Caribbean Line made its maiden call overnight, this was a safe haven for avoiding Hurricane Dorian.


Media



Radio



Television


All terrestrial television stations in the Sept-Îles area are repeaters of stations and networks that originate elsewhere. These stations are available on the Cogeco cable system, which also offer a local cable channel, TVCogeco. The local Cogeco system also carries CBMT-DT (CBC) Montreal and CJBR-DT (Ici Radio-Canada Télé) Rimouski.

Sept-Îles is not designated as a mandatory market for digital television conversion; only CFTF-TV and Télé-Québec announced their intentions to convert all their transmitters to digital, regardless of location.


Economy


Iron ore concentrate from IOC activities in Labrador City are transported by the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway and are shipped to many markets around the world from Sept-Îles port facilities. Iron ore from Wabush and Bloom Lake is also shipped at Point Noire port facilities. The Aluminerie Alouette, in activity since 1992, has a large part in the local employment since construction started in 1989. Since its major expansion that started in 2005, it is now the largest primary aluminum smelter in the Americas. As a service centre for northeastern Québec, Sept-Îles economy is also powered by many jobs in the services sector.

Prior to its disestablishment, Air Gaspé was headquartered in Sept-Îles.[32]


Notable people





See also



Notes and references


  1. "Sept-Îles". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. "Sept-Îles". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. "Reference number 98695 in Banque de noms de lieux du Québec". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
  4. Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire - Répertoire des municipalités: Sept-Îles
  5. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  6. "Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census - Census agglomeration of Sept-Îles". 8 February 2017.
  7. Statistics Canada 2011 Census Census Profiles: Sept-Îles (Census agglomeration). The census agglomeration consists of Sept-Îles, Maliotenam, Uashat. This was unchanged from the 2006 census.
  8. Innu-aimun.ca: Uashau
  9. "Côte-Nord : croissance de l'écart entre les riches et les pauvres à Sept-Îles". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. Territorial Division Act. Revised Statutes of Quebec D-11.
  11. "Sept-Îles est "Orange"!". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. "The Iron Road To Labrador." Popular Mechanics, February 1954, pp. 118-124.
  13. "Itineraries and stopovers".
  14. "Daily Data Report for June 2020". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  15. "January 1913". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  16. "Clarke City". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  17. "Sept-Îles A". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  18. "Sept-Îles A, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  19. "March 2012". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  20. "June 2020". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  21. Climate Normals for Sept-Îles 1961-1990 , Accessed March 10, 2012.
  22. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
  23. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
  24. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  25. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  26. "Population selon la langue parlée le plus souvent à la maison, municipalités et MRC de la Côte-Nord et ensemble du Québec, 2011".
  27. "Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census". 8 February 2012.
  28. Canada New England
  29. Destination Sept-Îles Nakauinanu
  30. City of Sept-Îles
  31. Port of Sept-Îles
  32. World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 20, 1975. "466.
  33. Trains (Magazine) February 2009 p9
  1. Extreme high and low temperatures were recorded in Clarke City from May 1903 to August 1944, and at Sept-Îles Airport from September 1944 to present.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sept-Îles.

На других языках

[de] Sept-Îles

Sept-Îles (Französisch für „Sieben Inseln“) oder Uashat ist eine kanadische Stadt in der Region Côte-Nord in Ost-Québec mit 25.400 Einwohnern. 2011 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 25.686.[3]
- [en] Sept-Îles, Quebec

[es] Sept-Îles

Sept-Îles es una ciudad de la provincia de Quebec, Canadá. Está ubicada en el condado regional de Sept-Rivières y a su vez, en la región administrativa de Côte-Nord.[3] Hace parte de las circunscripciones electorales de Duplessis a nivel provincial y de Manicouagan a nivel federal.[4][5][3][6]

[ru] Сет-Иль

Сет-Иль (фр. Sept-Îles), ранее (до 1970) также известный как Севен-Айлендс (англ. Seven Islands)) — город в Восточной Канаде, в провинции Квебек, на южном берегу полуострова Лабрадор. Это последний крупный город-порт с европейским населением на северном побережье залива Святого Лаврентия в округе Кот-Нор, имеющий также постоянное автомобильное сообщение с остальными регионами провинции.


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