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Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census.[4] The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center,[5] a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses."[6]

"Saratoga Springs" redirects here. For other uses, see Saratoga Springs (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with the adjoining town of Saratoga.
Saratoga Springs
City
A view of downtown, looking south along Broadway from where it intersects with Caroline Street.
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Spa City, 'Toga, The Springs.
Motto(s): 
Health, History, Horses
Location of Saratoga Springs within Saratoga County, New York
Saratoga Springs
Location in the State of New York
Saratoga Springs
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 43°04′59″N 73°47′04″W
Country United States
State New York
CountySaratoga
Foundedca. 1776
Government
 • TypeMayor-Commission
 • MayorRonald J. Kim (D)
Area
[1]
 • Total28.87 sq mi (74.78 km2)
 • Land28.07 sq mi (72.69 km2)
 • Water0.81 sq mi (2.09 km2)
Elevation
[2]
305 ft (93 m)
Lowest elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total28,491
 • Density1,015.18/sq mi (391.97/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−3 (EDT)
ZIP Code(s)
12866
Area code518 838
FIPS code36-091-65255
FIPS code36-65255
GNIS feature ID964489[3]
Wikimedia CommonsSaratoga Springs, New York
Websitehttp://www.saratoga-springs.org/

History


See also: Timeline of Saratoga Springs, New York

The British built Fort Saratoga in 1691 on the west bank of the Hudson River. Shortly thereafter, British colonists settled the current village of Schuylerville approximately one mile south; it was known as Saratoga until 1831.[citation needed]

Native Americans believed the springs about 10 miles (16 km) west of the village—today called High Rock Spring—had medicinal properties. In 1767, William Johnson, a British soldier who was a hero of the French and Indian War, was brought by Native American friends to the spring to treat his war wounds. (In 1756, Johnson had been appointed British Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Northeast region due to his success in building alliances with the Mohawk and other Iroquois tribes. He had learned the language and created many trading relationships. He achieved great wealth from trading and landholdings, and was knighted for his service to the Crown with the Iroquois.)[citation needed]

Perspective map of Saratoga Springs with image of racetrack inset and list of landmarks from 1888 by L.R. Burleigh
Perspective map of Saratoga Springs with image of racetrack inset and list of landmarks from 1888 by L.R. Burleigh

The first permanent European-American settler built a dwelling in the area circa 1776.[7] The springs attracted tourists, and Gideon Putnam built the first hotel for travelers. Putnam also laid out the roads and donated land for use as public spaces.[citation needed]

The Battle of Saratoga, the turning point of the Revolutionary War, did not take place in Saratoga Springs. Rather, the battlefield is 15 miles (24 km) to the southeast, in the Town of Stillwater. A museum dedicated to the two battles sits on the former battlefields. The British encampment before the surrender at Saratoga took place 10 miles (16 km) east of the city, in Schuylerville, where several historical markers delineate points of interest. The surrender of the sword of battle took place where Fort Saratoga had been, south of Schuylerville.[citation needed]

Saratoga Springs was established as a settlement in 1819 from a western portion of the Town of Saratoga. Its principal community was incorporated as a village in 1826, and the entire region became a city in 1915. Tourism was greatly aided by the 1832 arrival of the Saratoga and Schenectady Railroad, which brought thousands of travelers to the famous mineral springs. Resort hotels developed to accommodate them. Patronage of the railroad increased steadily after the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company assumed control in 1870 and began running the Empire State Express directly between New York City and the resort.[8]

In the 19th century, noted doctor Simon Baruch encouraged developing European-style spas[9] in the United States as centers for health. With its wealth of mineral waters, Saratoga Springs was developed as a spa, generating the development of many large hotels, including the United States Hotel[10] and the Grand Union Hotel. The latter was, in its day, the largest hotel in the world.[8]

In 1863, Saratoga Race Course opened, moving to its current location the following year. Horse racing and its associated betting greatly increased the city's attraction as a tourist destination at a time when horse racing was a popular national spectator sport. In addition, the Saratoga Springs area was known for its gambling, which after the first years of the 20th century was illegal, but still widespread. Most gambling facilities were located on Saratoga Lake, on the southeast side of the city.[citation needed]

By 1870, it was the nation's top upscale resort relying on natural mineral springs, horse racing, gambling, and luxury hotels. World War II imposed severe travel restrictions which financially ruined the tourist industry. During the 1950s, the state and city closed the famed gambling houses in a crackdown on illegal gambling.[11] The closing and demolition in the 1950s of some premier hotels, including the Grand Union and the United States hurt tourism. However, since 1970 there tourism has revived with a renovated racetrack, a 28-day exclusive racing season, winter sports emphasis, and an influx of young professionals. The city became more accessible with the completion of the Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87), which allowed visitors easier access from the north and south. In addition, the construction of the Saratoga Performing Arts Center in the late 1960s, which features classical and popular music and dance, furthered the city's renaissance era. The New York City Ballet and the Philadelphia Orchestra have summer residencies there, together with other high-quality dance groups and musicians. Since the early 1990s, there has been a boom of building, both residential and retail, in the west side and downtown areas of the city, and Skidmore College has flourished.[12]


Springs


Columbian Spring, one of Saratoga's 21 public springs
Columbian Spring, one of Saratoga's 21 public springs

Before racing began in Saratoga, the area's natural mineral springs had been attracting wealthy families for many decades. The springs occur on a line where the north-south Saratoga Fault allows water trapped in subsurface shale layers to reach the surface.[citation needed]

Believed to have healing powers, springs can be found in multiple places around the town. Most of the springs are covered by small pavilions and marked by plaques. Others are less conspicuous, sometimes just a spigot in a rock. The springs are famous for their varied and distinct tastes: some are clear freshwater, others are saltier, and some taste strongly of a certain mineral such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride. There is a sulfurous odor, but mineral analysis of the water consistently shows almost no presence of dissolved sulfur. The sulfur is in the form of the gas hydrogen sulfide, which degasses from the water very quickly. Visitors are welcome to bottle the spring water for personal consumption.[citation needed]

Toward the end of the 19th century, excessive pumping for commercial bottling was threatening to deplete the springs. In 1911, the New York State Reservation, now the Spa State Park, was created to protect the springs, and the Lincoln and Roosevelt bath houses were built. Currently, luxury spa treatments with these waters are available in the Roosevelt Baths.[13]


Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.1 square miles (75 km2), of which 28.4 square miles (74 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) (2.17%) is water.

The Adirondack Northway of New York (Interstate 87) and US Route 9 pass alongside and through the city, respectively. New York State Route 29, New York State Route 50, New York State Route 9N, and New York State Route 9P lead into Saratoga Springs. NY 9N has its southern terminus and NY 9P has its northern terminus in the city. US 9 and NY 50 overlap in the city, joined briefly by NY 29.

Saratoga Lake is slightly south of the city.


Climate


Climate data for Saratoga Springs, New York
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 67
(19)		 64
(18)		 88
(31)		 92
(33)		 96
(36)		 99
(37)		 99
(37)		 96
(36)		 94
(34)		 88
(31)		 82
(28)		 67
(19)		 99
(37)
Average high °F (°C) 31
(−1)		 35
(2)		 45
(7)		 60
(16)		 72
(22)		 80
(27)		 83
(28)		 82
(28)		 74
(23)		 60
(16)		 48
(9)		 36
(2)		 58.8
(14.9)
Average low °F (°C) 13
(−11)		 15
(−9)		 24
(−4)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 55
(13)		 60
(16)		 58
(14)		 50
(10)		 39
(4)		 31
(−1)		 20
(−7)		 37.3
(2.9)
Record low °F (°C) −33
(−36)		 −29
(−34)		 −13
(−25)		 5
(−15)		 21
(−6)		 32
(0)		 37
(3)		 31
(−1)		 22
(−6)		 14
(−10)		 2
(−17)		 −23
(−31)		 −33
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.29
(84)		 2.62
(67)		 3.44
(87)		 3.60
(91)		 4.08
(104)		 4.32
(110)		 4.53
(115)		 4.21
(107)		 3.60
(91)		 4.01
(102)		 3.79
(96)		 3.37
(86)		 44.86
(1,139)
Source: Weather.com (Monthly Averages for Saratoga Springs, NY (12866))[14]

Demographics


Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18707,516—
18808,42312.1%
189011,97542.2%
190012,4093.6%
191012,6932.3%
192013,1813.8%
193013,169−0.1%
194013,7054.1%
195015,47312.9%
196016,6307.5%
197018,84513.3%
198023,90626.9%
199025,0014.6%
200026,1864.7%
201026,5861.5%
202028,4917.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]

2012


According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:

As of the census[16] of 2012, there were 26,711 people, 11,312 households, and 5,923 families residing in the city. The population density was 921.1 people per square mile (355.6/km2). There were 11,584 housing units at an average density of 407.5 per square mile (157.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, 1.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.01% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 11,312 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.5% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 19.4% under the age of 18, 15.5% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

In 2012, the median income for a household was $91,392, while the mean income for a family was $114,560.[17] The median income for a household in the city was $62,766, while the mean income for a household was $81,807.[18] Males had a median income of $61,582 versus $47,759 for females. About 3.0% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.[17]


Economy


The Broadway Historic District in Downtown Saratoga Springs.
The Broadway Historic District in Downtown Saratoga Springs.

Saratoga Springs relies heavily on tourism as its main source of income during the summer season while the Saratoga Race Course is open. Many residents commute daily to Albany via Interstate 87, Interstate 787, and Interstate 90. The business district in Saratoga increasingly contributes to the economy year round, as the city has attracted many national and international brand retailers, as well as local boutiques. It has become an upscale shopping destination for the Albany metropolitan area.[citation needed]

In industry, the Saratoga Spring Water Co. (a division of Anheuser-Busch InBev) is located on Geyser Road. Operating since 1872, the water has been served during many presidential inaugurations in Washington, D.C., including Barack Obama's in 2013.[19] Quad/Graphics, offset printers of Time, Newsweek, People, Sports Illustrated and many other magazines, has a plant here. Ball Corporation, makers of the Mason Jar as well as aluminum cans has a large manufacturing plant in the city. Stewart's Shops, a convenience store chain, is headquartered in Saratoga Springs.[citation needed]


Arts and culture


Superhorse, one of 34 fiberglass horses on display in downtown Saratoga Springs in the 2007 Horses, Saratoga Style exhibit
Superhorse, one of 34 fiberglass horses on display in downtown Saratoga Springs in the 2007 Horses, Saratoga Style exhibit

The Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) is a covered outdoor amphitheater located on the grounds of the Saratoga Spa State Park, with a capacity of 5,000 in reserved seating and 20,000+ on its general admission lawn area. SPAC is the summer home of the Philadelphia Orchestra and the New York City Ballet, and has hosted a weekend-long jazz festival since 1978.[20] Since 2006, the Saratoga Native American Festival has been held on SPAC grounds each fall.[21] SPAC is a stop for touring national recording artists: over 20 popular bands grace the stage every summer. Steps away on State Park grounds, the Spa Little Theater hosts the "Home Made Theater" as well as Opera Saratoga (formerly known as the Lake George Opera) during the summer. Since 2001, The Saratoga Shakespeare Company has presented professional summer productions of Shakespeare in historic Congress Park.

Museums in the area include the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame, the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, and the Saratoga Automobile Museum. There are more than 20 golf courses in the area. The city is notable for its vibrant night life. Caffè Lena was one of the first venues in the Eastern US at which Bob Dylan performed in 1961. Arlo Guthrie played at Caffè Lena early in his career and has returned for occasional benefit concerts, and the singer Don McLean was a frequent performer there early in his career.[22]) Numerous other establishments are located on Broadway, Caroline Street (the Hamilton district), and the redeveloped Putnam Street.

Contra dance at 2019 Flurry Festival
Contra dance at 2019 Flurry Festival

Caroline Street at Broadway has been the center of Saratoga nightlife for decades for college students, horse racing season visitors, tourists and locals. Recently, Beekman Street (four blocks West of Broadway), once the center of a working-class, primarily ethnic minority residential neighborhood for those who worked in the service jobs of the tourism economy, has become an art district, housing four galleries, a restaurant, a pub and teahouse, and a bistro. Artists live and work in co-ops and arrange social events.

Saratoga Springs is home to Yaddo, a 400-acre (1.62 km2; 0.63 sq mi) artists' community, founded by Wall Street financier Spencer Trask and his wife, author Katrina Trask. Since its inception in 1900, Yaddo has hosted 68 authors who later won the Pulitzer Prize and one Nobel Prize winner, Saul Bellow. Leonard Bernstein, Truman Capote, Aaron Copland, Sylvia Plath, and David Sedaris have all been artists-in-residence.[23] The Yaddo grounds are adjacent to the backstretch of the Saratoga Race Course.

Over Presidents' Day weekend in February, Saratoga Springs draws more than 5000 attendees for the annual Flurry Festival, which features folk dance and music, including one of the largest contra dances in the United States.[24]

Saratoga's New Year's celebration First Night Saratoga is the largest New Year's Eve event in New York outside of New York City.[25]


Museums



Live performance



National Register of Historic Places listings


Saratoga Springs has sixteen places listed in the National Register of Historic Places:


Parks and recreation



Thoroughbred racing


Entrance to the Saratoga Race Course
Entrance to the Saratoga Race Course
National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame

Saratoga Race Course opened on August 3, 1863. The first track was located on East Avenue (at the present Oklahoma Training Track location) which is perpendicular to the present Saratoga Race Course, which opened the following year. Founded by John Hunter and William R. Travers, the thoroughbred track is the oldest continuously operating sporting venue of any kind in the United States. The track holds a summer meet lasting six weeks, from late July to Labor Day, that attracts the top horses, jockeys and trainers in America. The meet features a number of major stakes races, with the Travers Stakes, a Grade I race, being one of the most prominent of America's summer horse races.


Harness racing


Saratoga Casino and Raceway, a harness (Standardbred) racetrack that includes a hotel, video gaming facility, a nightclub, an upscale steakhouse, the Racino, and a horse betting simulcast room.


Golf



Polo



Saratoga Spa State Park


The Saratoga Spa State Park capitalizes on the culture and mineral springs that drove Saratoga Springs. This is a large state park and includes a hotel, 2 pool complexes, mineral baths, Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC), picnic areas, hiking trails and numerous mineral springs. The Saratoga Performing Arts Center, located on the State Park grounds, has been the summer home of the Philadelphia Orchestra and New York City Ballet since 1966. Jazz and dance are featured at SPAC. The SPAC Amphitheater itself is 110 feet (34 m) high, sits in a natural, curved bowl that is bordered by large pine trees and a large lawn space, but is afflicted by the roar of nearby Geyser Creek, which creates serious acoustical problems. Inside the amphitheater is seating for 5100, the lawn can easily hold an additional 20,000 people. The park is also home to the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame, the Saratoga Automobile Museum, the Lincoln Mineral Baths and Spa, and the Gideon Putnam Resort & Spa.


Skateboard Park


The Saratoga Skatepark (est. 1988), located in the center of the East Side Recreation area on Lake Avenue, is New York State's first municipal skatepark. The exercise facility is known for its concrete skateboard "bowl" installed with a state-of-the-art design in 2004. The skatepark has metal ramps as well. In 2010 the city filled the pool with dirt, citing problems with graffiti, vandalism and unconfirmed structural issues affecting the skating surface. In addition, the city said that they lacked funds to staff guards at the park and claimed it had spent nearly $200,000 on the park since it opened in 1988.[27] After a group of skateboarders lobbied the city and publicly offered to dig out the pool by hand, the city excavated it in November 2011.[28][29]


Government


The Saratoga Springs charter specifies a "commission" form of city government. Recent efforts to amend the charter have not been successful. The most recent charter change proposal appeared on the ballot in the November 2020 election and was overwhelmingly defeated. Prior attempts have netted mixed results with the closest margin of votes in 2017 where a difference of 10 votes upheld the current system of government.[30]

The city is one of only three in the state of New York to have a three-tier tax district system, the inside district being what was originally the village of Saratoga Springs, and the outside district being the town of Saratoga Springs minus the village. The other two cities with a three-tier tax system are Rome and Oneida.


Education


Empire State College and Skidmore College are both located in Saratoga Springs; Verrazzano College (1969–1975)[31][32] was also located there. During the summer, Skidmore is one of several hosts for the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth. Eastern Nazarene College, located in Quincy, Massachusetts, was founded in Saratoga Springs as the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute and Biblical Seminary at the turn of the 20th century.

The Saratoga Springs City School District[33] is made up of:

Private schools in Saratoga Springs include Saratoga Central Catholic High School, St. Clement's Regional Catholic School, The Waldorf School of Saratoga Springs, and Saratoga Independent School. Alternatively, some local children commute to Albany area schools such as The Emma Willard School, The Albany Academies, Doane Stuart School and La Salle Institute.


Media



Infrastructure



Transportation


See also: Saratoga Springs (Amtrak station)
Saratoga County Airport, in Saratoga Springs.
Saratoga County Airport, in Saratoga Springs.

The closest scheduled air service is available at Albany International Airport (ALB). There is also a general aviation facility, Saratoga County Airport (5B2), located west of city limits in the Town of Milton.

Amtrak provides service to Saratoga Springs, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Central Station in Montreal and Penn Station in New York City and the Ethan Allen Express daily in both directions between Rutland, Vermont and New York City. The local station off of West Avenue was built in 1956 but was rehabilitated in 2004. The 6,400-square-foot (590 m2) passenger area contains a coffee shop/newsstand, murals, an automated teller machine, a visitors information kiosk, an outside patio area with benches, and a children's play area. The station serves about 23,000 passengers annually.

Greyhound Bus Lines serves the city frequently, sending buses every few hours towards Albany or Montreal. The city Amtrak station serves as the Greyhound Bus Lines and Adirondack Trailways station. The city is also served by the Capital District Transportation Authority, which provides bus service from Schenectady via Route 50 daily on bus route 450, service from Ballston Spa on bus route 451, service between the Wilton Mall and Skidmore College on bus route 452, and weekday service to Albany via the Northway Express line. In summers, free trolley service is provided. Low-cost curbside bus service is also provided by Megabus, with direct service to New York City and Burlington, Vermont.

Long-distance motorists generally reach Saratoga via Interstate 87, which north of Albany is known as the Adirondack Northway. Three exits access the city. Exit 13-S is optimal for reaching Saratoga Lake, and 13-N for the Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) and the southern and western quadrants of the city. Visitors to the Saratoga Race Course use Exit 14, which is also arguably best for reaching downtown from the south. Exit 15 serves Skidmore College, downtown if coming from the north, and the shopping malls just north of the city limits.



Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Race Course, and Saratoga society are frequently featured on-screen and mentioned in films and television.


Films featuring Saratoga Springs



Radio



Television



Music



Food



Other



Sister cities



See also



References


  1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  2. "USGS detail on Newtown". Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  3. "Saratoga Springs". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  4. "Census - Geography Profile: Saratoga Springs city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  5. "Arts". Saratoga Springs Heritage Area Visitor Center. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
  6. "Saratoga Race Course adapts to COVID-19, Gov. Cuomo concerned about public health risk". CBS 6 News Albany. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  7. "Saratoga Springs NY". WaterworksHistory. Waterworkshistory. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  8. R. F. Dearborn. "Saratoga and How to See It". gutenberg.org.
  9. Saratoga Life. Saratoga Life http://www.thesaratogalife.com/life-in-saratoga-springs-new-york/. Retrieved 6 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. Charles Newhall Taintor (1876). "United States Hotel". Saratoga Illustrated.
  11. "Saratoga Springs, N.Y., became haven for gambling, vice until 1950s". New York Daily News.
  12. Janet Nyberg Paraschos, "Saratoga Springs" American Preservation (1978) 2#1 pp. 59–72.
  13. Saratoga Springs Heritage Area Visitor Center. "History of Saratoga". Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  14. "Monthly Monthly Averages". Weather.com. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
  15. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  17. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  18. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results".[dead link]
  19. "Saratoga Spring Water chosen as official water for Presidential Inauguration – Albany Business Review". Albany Business Review. 3 August 2012.
  20. McGuire, Mark (27 June 2012). "The first Saratoga Jazz Fest". The Times Union. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  21. Willman, Dale (30 September 2012). "Native American Festival Continues at SPAC: Photo Essay". Saratoga Wire. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  22. Dimopoulos, Thomas (26 November 2011). "Bye, bye local legend: Don McLean refutes tale of song's origin". The Post Star. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  23. "History". Yaddo. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  24. Halligan, Lauren (February 16, 2020). "Thousands attend 33rd annual Flurry Festival in Saratoga Springs". The Saratogian. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  25. Saratoga Arts Council. "First Night Saratoga". Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  26. "Saratoga Polo Association LLC".
  27. Donges, Patrick (24 March 2010). "Skateboarding bowl filled at Saratoga Springs' East Side Rec". The Saratogian. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  28. Jenks, Eric (5 November 2011). "Photos: Saratoga Springs' East Side Rec skate bowl reopens". The Saratogian. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  29. Yusko, Dennis (20 October 2011). "Skateboarder's moves may hit pay dirt". The Times Union. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  30. "Proposed Spa City charter appears headed toward defeat". 14 November 2017.
  31. "Verrazzano makes $3 million offer for Skidmore's Scribner Campus". Skidmore News. Sep 11, 1969. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  32. "New York Colleges that have Closed, Merged, Changed Names". Westminster College. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  33. "Saratoga Springs City School District". Saratogaschools.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  34. Aftermath at IMDb
  35. "Ass Backwards (2013)". Internet Movie. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  36. Bucciferro, Maria McBride. "Saratoga on the Silver Screen II: The Glory Days of Film Return to the Spa". Saratoga Living. Saratoga Living LLC. 17 (2).
  37. "Saratoga (1937)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
  38. Post, Paul (25 July 2012). "Film shot in Saratoga Springs released on DVD; "Virgin Alexander" has won multiple awards". The Saratogian. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  39. TatanBrown (17 October 2008). "Whitney Houston - Didn't We Almost Have It All [Album Version]". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-11-14. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  40. "Whitney Houston Performs At SPAC (1987)". Sratoga.com. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  41. Levith, Will (July 12, 2018). "5 Most Memorable Music Moments In SPAC History". Saratoga Living. Retrieved Jul 16, 2021.
  42. Stradley, Linda (2004). "History of Club Sandwich". What's Cooking America?. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
  43. "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l'Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
  44. Diakopoulos, Christopher (2006-04-27). "City looks to get new sister". The Saratogian. Journal Register Company. Retrieved 2006-09-07. [dead link]

Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saratoga Springs, New York.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Saratoga Springs.
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Saratoga Springs.

На других языках

[de] Saratoga Springs (New York)

Saratoga Springs ist eine Stadt im Saratoga County im Bundesstaat New York in den USA. Der Name bezieht sich auf die Mineralquellen der Gegend, durch die Saratoga vor über 200 Jahren bekannt wurde. Die Stadt liegt nördlich von Albany. Bei der Volkszählung von 2020 hatte sie 28.491 Einwohner.
- [en] Saratoga Springs, New York

[ru] Саратога-Спрингс

Сарато́га-Спри́нгс (англ. Saratoga Springs) — город-курорт на востоке штата Нью-Йорк (США), у подножия гор Адирондак, в 50 км к северу от города Олбани.


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WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии