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California's 23rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. The district is represented in the 117th United States Congress by Republican Kevin McCarthy. Since January 2019, McCarthy has been House minority leader.

"CA-23" redirects here. For the state route, see California State Route 23.

California's 23rd congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since 2023 (Used in the 2022 elections)
Representative
  Kevin McCarthy
R–Bakersfield
Population (2021)770,688[1]
Median household
income		$66,509[1]
Ethnicity
  • 47.3% White
  • 37.7% Hispanic
  • 6.5% Black
  • 5.1% Asian
  • 2.5% Two or more races
  • 0.9% other
Cook PVIR+12[2]
California's 23rd congressional district until 2023
California's 23rd congressional district until 2023

The current district includes parts of the southern San Joaquin Valley, the Tehachapi Mountains and southern Sierra Nevada, and the northwestern Mojave Desert. It comprises most of Kern County and portions of Los Angeles and Tulare counties. Cities in the district include Porterville, Ridgecrest, most of Bakersfield, and part of Lancaster.[3] With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+12, it is the most Republican district in California and the second-most Republican district in a West Coast state, behind only Washington's 4th district.[2]

Following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, the district is anchored in San Bernardino County, and also includes parts of Kern and Los Angeles counties. It is mostly within the Mojave Desert. Cities in the new 23rd district include Victorville, Hesperia, Adelanto, Apple Valley, Barstow, Twentynine Palms, Big Bear Lake, California City, Loma Linda, Yucaipa, southern Redlands, and small portions of Highland and San Bernardino.[4] The representative-elect is Jay Obernolte.


Former characteristics


From 2003 to 2013 the district ran along the Pacific coasts of Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties. Major cities in the district included Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Ventura, and Oxnard.[5] Before redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission in 2011, California's 23rd congressional district was one of the narrowest districts in the United States, stretching along the Pacific coast from Oxnard to the Monterey County line. It was often referred to as "the district that disappears at high tide"[6] or the "ribbon of shame".[7] This area is now divided between the 24th and 26th districts, while the current 23rd covers much of the territory that was previously in the 22nd district.


Election results from statewide races


Year Office Results
1992 President Clinton 38.4–34.5%
Senator Herschensohn 49.4–40.6%
Senator Feinstein 46.2–45.3%
1994 Governor [data unknown/missing]
Senator [data unknown/missing]
1996 President [data unknown/missing]
1998 Governor [data unknown/missing]
Senator [data unknown/missing]
2000 President[8] Gore 48.2–46.9%
Senator[9] Feinstein 51.2–41.5%
2002 Governor[10] Davis 48.0–40.7%
2003 Recall[11][12] 52.8–47.2%
Schwarzenegger 42.4–35.2%
2004 President[13] Kerry 58.3–40.3%
Senator[14] Boxer 60.2–34.8%
2006 Governor[15] Schwarzenegger 53.6–41.1%
Senator[16] Feinstein 62.3–33.1%
2008 President[17] Obama 65.3–32.3%
2010 Governor Brown 55.9–38.5%
Senator Boxer 55.9–38.4%
2012 President Romney 61.5–36.1%
Senator Emken 62.0–38.0%
2014 Governor Kashkari 64.5–35.5%
2016 President Trump 58.1–36.1%
Senator Harris 54.3–45.7%
2018 Governor Cox 62.6–37.4%
Senator de Leon 60.3–39.7%
2020 President Trump 57.1–41.5%
2021 Recall 63.6–36.4%

Composition


# County Seat Population
71 San Bernardino San Bernardino 2,194,710

As of the 2020 redistricting, California's 23rd congressional district is located in the region of the state covering the Mohave Desert. It encompasses the majority of San Bernardino, and parts of Kern and Los Angeles Counties.

San Bernardino County is split between this district, the 25th district, the 28th district, the 33rd district, and the 40th district. The 23rd, 28th and 33rd are partitioned by San Bernardino National Forest, Manzanita Rd, Highway 15, Cajon Blvd, W Kenwood Ave, Highway 215, W Meyers Rd, Ohio Ave, Pine Ave, Bailey act, Highway 206, Devils Canyon Rd, Cloudland Truck Trail, Cloudland Cutoff, Hill Dr, W 54th St, E Hill Dr, Bonita Vista Dr, Sterling Ave, Argyle Ave, E Marshall Blvd, Rockford Ave, Lynwood Dr, La Praix St, Orchid Dr, Denair Ave, Highland Ave, Orchard Rd, Arroyo Vista Dr, Church St, Greensport Rd, Florida St, Garnet St, Nice Ave, Crafton Ave, 5th Ave, Walnut St, 6th Ave, S Wabash Ave, E Citrus Ave, N Church St, Southern California Regional Rail A, Tennessee St, Highway 10, California St, E Washington St, and S Barton Rd. The 23rd and 25th are partitioned by Power Line Rd, Telephone Pole Line Rd, Cadiz Rd, Arizona & California Rail, San Bernardino National Forest, East Mojave Heritage Trail, Sunflower Springs Spur, Sunflower Springs Rd, Needles Freeway, Mountain Springs Rd, Goffs Rd, and Walter Rd. The 23rd district takes in the cities of Victorville, Barstow, Twentynine Palms, Adelanto, Yucaipa, Loma Linda, and Apple Valley, as well as the town of Yucca Valley.

Kern County is split between this district and the 20th district. They are partitioned by the Mojave-Barstow Highway, Treescape Rd, Oak Creek Rd, Anajanette Ave, 70th St W, Highway 58, Homer Hansen Private Rd, Aerospace Highway, Redrock Randsburgs Rd, Garlock Rd, Iron Canyon, and Union Pacific. The 23rd district takes in the city of California City.

Los Angeles County is split between this district, the 27th district, and the 28th district. They are partitioned by Angeles National Forest, Linda Mesa Rd, San Gabriel Mountains, Fort Tejon Rd, 121st St E, 123rd St E, 126th St E, Highway N6, Highway 138, 136th St E, Longview Rd, E Avenue S, 140th St E, E Avenue H, 120th St E. The 23rd district takes in the census-designated place Lake Los Angeles.


Cities & CDP with 10,000 or more people



List of members representing the district


Representative Party Years Cong
ress(es)		 Electoral history District location
District created January 3, 1943

Edouard Izac		 Democratic January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1947		 78th
79th		 Redistricted from the 20th district and re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Lost re-election.		 1943–1953
San Diego

Charles K. Fletcher		 Republican January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1949		 80th Elected in 1946.
Lost re-election.

Clinton D. McKinnon		 Democratic January 3, 1949 –
January 3, 1953		 81st
82nd		 Elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Clyde Doyle		 Democratic January 3, 1953 –
March 14, 1963		 83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th		 Redistricted from the 18th district and re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Died.		 1953–1973
Los Angeles
Vacant March 14, 1963 –
June 11, 1963		 88th

Del M. Clawson		 Republican June 11, 1963 –
January 3, 1975		 88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd		 Elected to finish Doyle's term.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Redistricted to the 33rd district.
1973–1975
Los Angeles, Orange

Thomas M. Rees		 Democratic January 3, 1975 –
January 3, 1977		 94th Redistricted from the 26th district and re-elected in 1974.
Retired.		 1975–1983
Los Angeles

Anthony Beilenson		 Democratic January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 1993		 95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd		 Elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Redistricted to the 24th district.
1983–1993
Los Angeles (northern L.A. suburbs)

Elton Gallegly		 Republican January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 2003		 103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th		 Redistricted from the 21st district and re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Redistricted to the 24th district.		 1993–2003
Santa Barbara (Carpinteria), Ventura

Lois Capps		 Democratic January 3, 2003 –
January 3, 2013		 108th
109th
110th
111th
112th		 Redistricted from the 22nd district and re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Redistricted to the 24th district.		 2003–2013
Coastal San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura

Kevin McCarthy		 Republican January 3, 2013 –
present		 113th
114th
115th
116th
117th		 Redistricted from the 22nd district and re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Redistricted to the 20th district.		 2013–present
Southern Central Valley including parts of Bakersfield

Jay Obernolte		 Republican January 3, 2023 –
 Redistricted from the 8th district and re-elected in 2022. 2023–present:
Inyo and Mono counties plus most of the land in San Bernardino County

Election results



1942


1942 election[18]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Edouard Izac (Incumbent) 42,864 50.5%
Republican James B. Abbey 42,087 49.5%
Total votes 84,951 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1944


1944 election[19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Edouard Izac (Incumbent) 86,707 55.1%
Republican James B. Abbey 70,787 44.9%
Total votes 157,494 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1946


1946 election[20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles K. Fletcher 69,411 56.3%
Democratic Edouard Izac (Incumbent) 53,898 43.7%
Total votes 123,309 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican gain from Democratic

1948


1948 election[21]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clinton D. McKinnon 112,534 55.8%
Republican Charles K. Fletcher (Incumbent) 87,138 43.2%
Progressive Harry C. Steinmetz 2,017 1.0%
Total votes 201,689 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic gain from Republican

1950


1950 election[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clinton D. McKinnon (Incumbent) 94,137 51%
Republican Leslie E. Gehres 90,398 49%
Total votes 184,535 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1952


1952 election[23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 138,356 87.5%
Progressive Olive T. Thompson 17,501 11.1%
Republican C. Cleveland (write-in) 2,329 1.4%
Total votes 158,186 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1954


1954 election[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 90,729 70.9%
Republican Frank G. Bussing 34,911 27.3%
Progressive Olive T. Thompson 2,293 1.8%
Total votes 127,933 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1956


1956 election[25]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 120,109 70.9%
Republican E. Elgie "Cal" Calvin 49,198 29.1%
Total votes 169,207 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1958


1958 election[26]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 140,817 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1960


1960 election[27]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 148,415 74.2%
Republican Emmett A. Schwartz 51,548 25.8%
Total votes 199,963 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1962


1962 election[28]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Clyde Doyle (Incumbent) 83,269 64.2%
Republican Emmett A. Schwartz 46,488 35.8%
Total votes 129,757 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1963 (Special)


1963 special election[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson 53.2%
Democratic Carley V. Porter 35.4%
Democratic Maurice H. Quigley 4.7%
Democratic Armand R. Porter 2.7%
Democratic James Earle Christo 1.4%
Democratic Lynn W. Johnston 1.4%
Republican Harold R. "Hal" Bennett 0.6%
Republican Harry L. Butler 0.6%
Total votes 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican gain from Democratic

1964


1964 election[30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson (Incumbent) 90,721 55.4%
Democratic H. O. Van Pettin 72,903 44.6%
Total votes 163,624 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1966


1966 election[31]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson (Incumbent) 93,320 67.4%
Democratic Ed O'Connor 45,141 32.6%
Total votes 138,461 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1968


1968 election[32]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson (Incumbent) 95,628 64.9%
Democratic Jim Sperrazzo 51,606 35.1%
Total votes 147,234 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1970


1970 election[33]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson (Incumbent) 77,346 63.3%
Democratic G. L. "Jerry" Chapman 44,767 36.7%
Total votes 122,113 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1972


1972 election[34]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Del M. Clawson (Incumbent) 118,731 61.4%
Democratic Conrad G. Tuohey 74,561 38.6%
Total votes 193,292 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1974


1974 election[35]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas M. Rees 119,239 71.4%
Republican Jack E. Roberts 47,615 28.6%
Total votes 166,854 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1976


1976 election[36]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson 130,619 60.2%
Republican Thomas F. Bartman 86,434 39.8%
Total votes 217,053 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1978


1978 election[37]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 117,498 65.6%
Republican Joseph Barbara 61,496 34.4%
Total votes 178,994 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1980


1980 election[38]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 126,020 63.2%
Republican Robert "Bob" Winckler 62,742 31.5%
Libertarian Jeffrey P. Lieb 10,623 5.3%
Total votes 199,385 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1982


1982 election[39]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 120,788 59.6%
Republican David Armor 82,031 40.4%
Total votes 202,819 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1984


1984 election[40]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 140,461 61.6%
Republican Claude W. Parrish 84,093 36.9%
Libertarian Larry Leathers 3,580 1.6%
Total votes 228,134 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1986


1986 election[41]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 121,468 65.7%
Republican George Woolverton 58,746 31.8%
Peace and Freedom Tom Hopke 2,521 1.4%
Libertarian Taylor Rhodes 2,019 1.1%
Total votes 184,754 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1988


1988 election[42]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 147,858 63.5%
Republican Jim Salomon 77,184 33.1%
Libertarian John R. Vernon 4,503 1.9%
Peace and Freedom John Honigsfeld 3,316 1.4%
No party Write-ins 18 0.0%
Total votes 232,879 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1990


1990 election[43]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony C. Beilenson (Incumbent) 103,141 61.7%
Republican Jim Salomon 57,118 34.2%
Peace and Freedom John Honigsfeld 6,834 4.1%
Total votes 167,093 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1992


1992 election[44]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Elton Gallegly (Redistricted incumbent) 115,504 54.3%
Democratic Anita Perez Ferguson 88,225 41.4%
Libertarian Jay C. Wood 9,091 4.3%
No party Dunbar (write-in) 61 0.0%
Total votes 212,881 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1994


1994 election[45]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Elton Gallegly (Incumbent) 114,043 66.17%
Democratic Kevin Ready 47,345 27.47%
Libertarian Bill Brown 6,481 3.76%
Green Robert T. Marston 4,457 2.59%
No party Nagode (write-in) 14 0.01%
Total votes 172,340 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1996


1996 election[46]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Elton Gallegly (Incumbent) 118,880 59.6%
Democratic Robert Unruhe 70,035 35.2%
Libertarian Gail Lightfoot 8,346 4.1%
Natural Law Stephen Hospodar 2,246 1.1%
Total votes 199,507 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

1998


1998 election[47]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Elton Gallegly (Incumbent) 96,362 60.06%
Democratic Daniel "Dan" Gonzalez 64,068 39.94%
Total votes 160,430 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

2000


2000 election[48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Elton Gallegly (Incumbent) 119,479 54.1%
Democratic Michael Case 89,918 40.7%
Reform Cary Savitch 6,473 3.0%
Libertarian Roger Peebles 3,708 1.6%
Natural Law Stephen P. Hospodar 1,456 0.6%
Total votes 221,034 100.0%
Turnout  
Republican hold

2002


2002 election[49]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lois Capps (Redistricted incumbent) 95,752 59.1%
Republican Beth Rogers 62,604 38.6%
Libertarian James E. Hill 3,866 2.3%
Total votes 162,222 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2004


2004 election[50]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lois Capps (Incumbent) 153,980 63.1%
Republican Don Regan 83,926 34.3%
Libertarian Michael Favorite 6,391 2.6%
Total votes 244,297 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2006


2006 election[51]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lois Capps (Incumbent) 114,661 65.2%
Republican Victor G. Tognazzini 61,272 34.8%
No party H.A. Gardner Jr. (write-in) 18 0.0%
Total votes 175,951 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2008


2008 United States House of Representatives elections in California
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lois Capps (Incumbent) 171,403 68.07%
Republican Matt Kokkonen 80,385 31.93%
Total votes 251,788 100.00%
Turnout   77.41%
Democratic hold

2010


2010 election[52]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lois Capps (Incumbent) 111,768 57.8%
Republican Tom Watson 72,744 37.6%
Libertarian Darrell M. Stafford 3,326 1.7%
No party John V. Hager 5,625 2.9%
Total votes 193,463 100.0%
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2012


2012 election[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kevin McCarthy (Redistricted incumbent) 158,161 73.2%
No party preference Terry Phillips 57,842 26.8%
Total votes 216,003 100.0%
Republican hold

2014


2014 election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kevin McCarthy (Incumbent) 58,334 99.1%
Democratic Raul Garcia (write-in) 313 0.5%
Republican Mike Biglay (write-in) 157 0.3%
No party preference Ronald L. Porter (write-in) 36 0.1%
Libertarian Gail K. Lightfoot (write-in) 31 0.1%
Green Noah Calugaru (write-in) 3 0.01%
Total votes 58,871 100.0%
General election
Republican Kevin McCarthy (Incumbent) 100,317 74.8%
Democratic Raul Garcia 33,726 25.2%
Total votes 134,043 100.0%
Republican hold

2016


2016 election[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kevin McCarthy (Incumbent) 167,116 69.2%
Democratic Wendy Reed 74,468 30.8%
Total votes 241,584 100.0%
Republican hold

2018


2018 election[54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kevin McCarthy (Incumbent) 131,113 63.7%
Democratic Tatiana Matta 74,661 36.3%
Total votes 205,774 100.0%
Republican hold

2020


2020 election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kevin McCarthy (incumbent) 107,897 66.5
Democratic Kim Mangone 54,375 33.5
Total votes 162,272 100.0
General election
Republican Kevin McCarthy (incumbent) 190,222 62.1
Democratic Kim Mangone 115,896 37.9
Total votes 306,118 100.0
Republican hold



See also



References


  1. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
  2. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  3. "California's citizen commission final district maps: Find out what's changed where you live". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 2011.
  4. "CA 2022 Congressional". Dave's Redistricting. January 4, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  5. https://statewidedatabase.org/pub/data/MAPS/district/2001/cd23.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  6. Patrick McGreevy (December 19, 2010). "New redistricting panel takes aim at bizarre political boundaries". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  7. Aaron Blake (July 27, 2011). "Name that district! (Gerrymandering edition)". Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  8. "Statement of Vote (2000 President)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
  9. "Statement of Vote (2000 Senator)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
  10. "Statement of Vote (2002 Governor)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2010.
  11. "Statement of Vote (2003 Recall Question)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
  12. "Statement of Vote (2003 Governor)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
  13. "Statement of Vote (2004 President)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 1, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2007.
  14. "Statement of Vote (2004 Senator)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2011.
  15. "Statement of Vote (2006 Governor)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2011.
  16. "Statement of Vote (2006 Senator)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2011.
  17. "(2008 President)". Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
  18. "1942 election results" (PDF).
  19. "1944 election results" (PDF).
  20. "1946 election results" (PDF).
  21. "1948 election results" (PDF).
  22. "1950 election results" (PDF).
  23. "1952 election results" (PDF).
  24. "1954 election results" (PDF).
  25. "1956 election results" (PDF).
  26. "1958 election results" (PDF).
  27. "1960 election results" (PDF).
  28. "1962 election results" (PDF).
  29. "JoinCalifornia - 06-11-1963 Election". www.joincalifornia.com.
  30. "1964 election results" (PDF).
  31. "1966 election results" (PDF).
  32. "1968 election results" (PDF).
  33. "1970 election results" (PDF).
  34. "1972 election results" (PDF).
  35. "1974 election results" (PDF).
  36. "1976 election results" (PDF).
  37. "1978 election results" (PDF).
  38. "1980 election results" (PDF).
  39. "1982 election results" (PDF).
  40. "1984 election results" (PDF).
  41. "1986 election results" (PDF).
  42. "1988 election results" (PDF).
  43. "1990 election results" (PDF).
  44. "1992 election results" (PDF).
  45. "1994 election results" (PDF).
  46. "1996 election results" (PDF).
  47. "1998 election results" (PDF).
  48. "2000 election results" (PDF).
  49. "2002 general election results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2009.
  50. "2004 general election results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 21, 2008.
  51. "2006 general election results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2008.
  52. "2010 general election results". Archived from the original on November 17, 2010. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  53. "2012 general election results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  54. 2018 general election results




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