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Llívia (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎiβiə]; Spanish: Llivia [ˈʎiβja]) is a town in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a Spanish exclave surrounded by the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales.[4] In 2009, the municipality of Llívia had a total population of 1,589.[5] It is separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 1.6 km (1.0 mile) wide, which includes the French communes of Ur and Bourg-Madame.

Llívia
Municipality
Coat of arms
Location of Llívia in the province of Girona
Llívia Location in the Province of Girona Show map of Province of Girona Llívia Location in Catalonia Show map of Catalonia Llívia Location in Spain Show map of Spain
Coordinates: 42°27′52″N 1°58′51″E
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Catalonia
Province	Girona
Comarca	Cerdanya
Judicial district	Puigcerdà
Government
• Mayor	Elies Nova Inglés (2015)[1]
Area [2]
• Total	12.9 km2 (5.0 sq mi)
Elevation	1,224 m (4,016 ft)
Population  (2018)[3]
• Total	1,428
• Density	110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Demonyms	Llivienc, llivienca (ca) Lliviense (es)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	17527
Website	www.llivia.org

History

Llívia was the site of an Iberian oppidum that commanded the region and was named Julia Lybica[6] by the Romans. It was the capital of Cerdanya in antiquity, before being replaced by Hix (commune of Bourg-Madame, France) in the Middle Ages. During the Visigothic period, its citadel, the castrum Libiae, was held by the rebel Paul of Narbonne against King Wamba in 672. As the "town (or 'city') of Cerdanya," 8th century Llívia may also have been the scene of the siege by which governor Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi of Muslim Spain rid himself of the Moorish (Berber) rebel Uthman ibn Naissa ("Munnuza"), who had allied himself with Duke Eudo of Aquitaine to improve the chances of his rebellion,[7] ahead of the Battle of Tours (732 or 733), also known as the Battle of Poitiers.

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees ceded the comarques of Roussillon, Conflent, Capcir, Vallespir, and northern Cerdanya ("Cerdagne") to the French Crown. Llívia did not become part of the Kingdom of France as the treaty stipulated that only villages were to be ceded to France, and Llívia was considered a town (vila in Catalan) and not a village because of its status as the ancient capital of Cerdanya.[8] This situation was confirmed in the subsequent Treaty of Llivia signed in 1660.[9]

Under the fascist government of Francisco Franco, residents required special passes to cross France to the rest of Spain. Today, with these countries in the Schengen Area, there are no frontier formalities and cross-border infrastructure is the only issue.[10] The two countries share a hospital in Llívia, as well as other local initiatives.[11]

The enclave is accessible from Spain via a 1.8 km long road that up until the implementation of the Schengen Area in 1995 was considered a "neutral road" as defined in the Treaty of Llivia. The road was designated as being a custom-free route across which the French were allowed free access from one part of the corridor to another and for the Spanish to travel freely between Puigcerdà and Llivia.[9] This road is the joint property of Spain and France and is designated in Spain as part of the N-154 and in France as jointly part of the Route nationale 20 and the RD68. The road has been the subject of controversy over the years, particularly due to a number of stop signs placed by the French authorities and removed overnight by those opposed to them. This lasted for several years and became known as the war of the stop signs.[12]

During the 2017 Catalan declaration of independence, some of the town residents voted for independence in a referendum deemed illegal by the Spanish courts. Spanish police did not intervene in the village.[13]

Museum

The Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia's municipal museum, is a complete 18th-century pharmacy donated to the town by the family who owned it, on condition the contents remain in the town. There are records of pharmacists practising in Llívia since medieval times. The pharmacy has a large display of albarelli, a type of ceramic jar used in pharmacies, as well as antique drugs, and one of the most important collections of prescription books in Europe.[14]

Education

Escola Jaume I is located in Llívia.[15] It was built in the 1950s. As of 2016^[update] a new school was constructed with a 500 m² (5,400 sq ft) ground floor and a 250 m² (2,700 sq ft) second floor.[16]

References

External links

• Media related to Llívia at Wikimedia Commons
• Official site
• Government data pages (in Catalan)

На других языках

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[de] Llívia

Llívia (katalanisch [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}ˈʎiβiə]) ist eine spanische Exklave in den Pyrenäen, die von französischem Staatsgebiet umgeben ist. Die Gemeinde hat 1417 Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2019) und liegt auf 1223 msnm Höhe unmittelbar hinter der spanisch-französischen Grenze in der Nähe von Puigcerdà, dem Hauptort der Comarca.

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- [en] Llívia

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[es] Llivia

Llivia[2] (en catalán y oficialmente Llívia) es una localidad y municipio español perteneciente a la provincia de Gerona, en la comunidad autónoma de Cataluña, rodeada totalmente de territorio francés. Localizado en la parte nororiental de la comarca de la Baja Cerdaña, Llivia se encuentra a 153 kilómetros de la capital provincial, rodeado en su totalidad por territorio francés del departamento de Pirineos Orientales como resultado del Tratado de los Pirineos de 1659, y del Tratado de Llivia (12 de noviembre de 1660); exactamente limita con las comunas francesas de Targasonne, Estavar, Saillagouse, Sainte-Léocadie, Bourg-Madame, Ur y Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes. Por tanto, constituye un enclave de España en Francia.

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[ru] Льивия

Льивия (кат. Llívia) — населённый пункт и муниципалитет в Испании, входит в провинцию Жирона в составе автономного сообщества Каталония. Муниципалитет находится в составе района (комарки) Баша-Серданья. Занимает площадь 12,84 км². Население — 1456 человек (на 2015 год).

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