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Mamonovo (Russian: Мамоново), prior to 1945 known by its German name Heiligenbeil[7] (Polish: Święta Siekierka or Świętomiejsce; Lithuanian: Šventpilis; Prussian: Swintamīstan)^{[citation needed]}, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Population figures: 7,761 (2010 Census);[2] 7,393 (2002 Census);[8] 7,816 (1989 Census).[9]

Mamonovo Мамоново
Town[1]
Water tower in Mamonovo
Coat of arms
Location of Mamonovo
Mamonovo Location of Mamonovo Show map of Kaliningrad Oblast Mamonovo Mamonovo (European Russia) Show map of European Russia Mamonovo Mamonovo (Europe) Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 54°27′50″N 19°56′29″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Kaliningrad Oblast[1]
Founded	1301
Elevation	15 m (49 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[2]
• Total	7,761
• Estimate  (2018)[3]	7,953 (+2.5%)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	town of oblast significance of Mamonovo[1]
• Capital of	town of oblast significance of Mamonovo[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Mamonovsky Urban Okrug[4]
• Capital of	Mamonovsky Urban Okrug[4]
Time zone	UTC+2 (MSK–1 [5])
Postal code(s)[6]	238450
OKTMO ID	27712000001

Etymology

Mamonovo is named after a Soviet Commander, Nikolay Mamonov, killed in action near Pułtusk on October 26, 1944, who was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on March 24, 1945.

History

Under the Teutonic Knights Heiligenstadt was built near an Old Prussian settlement. It was later renamed Heiligenbeil after a holy axe used by Augustinian monks, established in the area by Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode after the Battle of Rudau, to cut down an oak tree worshiped by pagan Prussians.[10] It came under the bishopric of Warmia, then to the territory of Natangia. Since 1440, the town was a founding member of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which, Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454.[11] Then the Thirteen Years' War, the longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars, broke out, after which the region and town became part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights,[12] and after 1525 held by secular Ducal Prussia. From 1701, the town was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany, within which it was located in the province of East Prussia.

During World War II, in 1944–1945, it was the location of the Heiligenbeil concentration camp, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp, in which the Germans imprisoned around 1,100 Jewish women and 100 Jewish men as forced labour.[13] Towards the end of the war in fierce fighting between January and March 1945 the Heiligenbeil pocket fell to the Red Army. It was captured by Red Army on March 26, 1945, and was soon integrated into the Kaliningrad Oblast. It took its present name in 1946. The defending 4th Army's archives were buried in a forest near the town and found in 2004, in an area still littered with debris from the final battles.[14]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Mamonovo — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Mamonovo is incorporated as Mamonovsky Urban Okrug.[4]

Notable people

• Rudolf von Auerswald (1795–1866) in 1824 he acquired an estate in the Heiligenbeil District and became Landrat (district administrator)

References

Notes

Sources

• Правительство Калининградской области. Постановление №640 от 30 августа 2011 г. «Об утверждении реестра объектов административно-территориального деления Калининградской области», в ред. Постановления №877 от 21 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Калининградской области от 30 августа 2011 г. №640». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Официально"), №170, 15 сентября 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №395 от 15 мая 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования "Город Мамоново" статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №370 от 1 июля 2009 г «О составе территорий муниципальных образований Калининградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская газета" ("Запад России"), №115, 3 июня 2004 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #395 of May 15, 2004 On Granting the Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "Town of Mamonovo", as amended by the Law #370 of July 1, 2009 On the Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formations of Kaliningrad Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

На других языках

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[de] Mamonowo

Mamonowo (russisch Мамо́ново), deutsch Heiligenbeil (polnisch Świętomiejsce oder Święta Siekierka, litauisch Šventapilė), ist eine Stadt in der russischen Oblast Kaliningrad. Sie hat 7761 Einwohner (Stand 14. Oktober 2010).[1]

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- [en] Mamonovo

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[ru] Мамоново

Мамо́ново, до 1947 года Хайлигенба́йль (нем. Heiligenbeil) — приграничный с Польшей город районного подчинения в Калининградской области Российской Федерации. Основан в 1301 году. С 2004 года является административным центром Мамоновского городского округа.

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