Belushya Guba (Russian: Белу́шья Губа́, lit. beluga whalebay), also Belushye (Белушье),[8] is a work settlement and the administrative center of Novaya Zemlya District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Gusinaya Zemlya peninsula of the Yuzhny Island of the Novaya Zemlya arctic archipelago.[2] Its population was reported as 1,972(2010 Census),[4] a decline of more than 20% from 2,622(2002 Census).[9] It is the largest settlement on the island.
This article is about the settlement on Novaya Zemlya. For the bay it is located on, see Belushya Bay.
It is the main permanent settlement of the island territory of Novaya Zemlya. A large proportion of its population is made up of military personnel associated with the nuclear test sites located on the island.
The whole Novaya Zemlya archipelago, including Belushya Guba, is an area of restricted access (formally, as part of border security zone), and a special permit is needed to visit the archipelago.
About 9 kilometers (5.6mi) northeast of Belushya Guba is the settlement of Rogachevo, the second largest in the archipelago, along with the Rogachevo air base.
History
Upon visiting Novaya Zemlya in 1894, Arkhangelsk Governor Aleksandr Engelgardt[ru] decided to create a new encampment. In 1896, an expedition conducted a survey of the west coast of Novaya Zemlya. The following year Belushya Guba was founded.[3]
During World War II, Belushya Guba was a focus of both German and Soviet attention. German U-boats used Belushya Bay as a resting area in 1941. The German military contemplated establishing a weather station or other land-based facilities nearby, but increasing Soviet military presence in the area prevented that. On July 27, 1942, German submarineU-601 shelled Malye Karmakuly near Belushia Bay, damaging seaplanes, living huts, and storage huts. U-601 torpedoed and sank the Soviet merchant ship Krestianin, carrying coal, as it neared Belushya Guba. On August 19, U-209 tried to enter Belushya Guba, but was detected and attacked by a motor boat and two Soviet minesweepers. U-209 departed when a Soviet coast guard ship and icebreaker SKR-18 (formerly Fedor Litke) approached from Belushuya Guba. Belushya Guba was used as an anchorage by Russian convoys between the Barents Sea and Archangelsk. A Soviet naval base was established in Belushya Guba in 1944.[10]
The settlement started to flourish in 1954, when Novaya Zemlya became established as a nuclear test site. In 1956, the whole indigenous population of Novaya Zemlya, mostly Nenets, were resettled from the islands.
Geography and climate
NASA space shot, with Belushya Guba circled at bottom center, and the military base with its airport at upper center
Belushya Guba is located on a deep bay with the same name, within a geographical area that is influenced by warm ocean currents. The natural conditions allow year-round sailing of all types and classes of vessels with minimal cost for icebreaking support. The bay is well protected from high surf and drifting ice.[11]
The temperature in Belushya Guba ranges from −12°C (10°F) to +10°C (50°F) in the summer months.[citation needed]
The area of the southern island of Novaya Zemlya experiences from eight to ten cyclones per month during the winter, with the main direction of the cyclone trajectories from the west and south-west to north-east.[12] The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 10 May to 3 August (86 days), and the period of continuous night is slightly shorter at 66 days. The polar night runs from 19 November to 23 January.[citation needed]
Economy
Belushya Guba has schools, apartment buildings, three hotels, a cashpoint ATM, a television station, a 200-bed Naval Hospital, a polyclinic, military officers' center with a base sailor's club, 25-meter pool, recreational center, and an Orthodox church.[13]
Transportation
There are two regular flights weekly from Arkhangelsk to Rogachevo Airport, located 9 kilometres (5.6mi) north-east of the settlement (in the time-tables, Rogachyovo is designated as Amderma-2, though the settlement of Amderma is not even located on Novaya Zemlya).[14] There is no regular passenger navigation.
References
Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов.Постановление№69от3 марта 2005 г. «О преобразовании сельского населённого пункта Белушья Губа архипелага Новая Земля Архангельской области». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Assembly of Deputies.Resolution#69ofMarch3, 2005 On the Transformation of the Rural Locality of Belushya Guba of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
"Белушья Губа". Архангельская область. arhangelskobl.ru. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов.Областной закон№258-внеоч.-ОЗот23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от16 декабря 2014 г.«Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies.Oblast Law#258-vneoch.-OZofSeptember23, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law#224-13-OZ ofDecember16, 2014 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
"Belushye: Russia". Geographical Names. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency via Geographic.org. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
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