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Toplița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtoplit͡sa]; Hungarian: Maroshévíz, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒroʃheːviːz] (listen)) is a municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania.

Toplița
Maroshévíz
Municipality
General view of Toplița
Location of Toplița in Harghita County
Toplița
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 46°55′25″N 25°20′45″E
CountryRomania
CountyHarghita
Government
  Mayor (20202024) Dumitru Olariu[1] (PSD)
Area
338.3 km2 (130.6 sq mi)
Elevation
650 m (2,130 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
13,929
  Density41/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
535700
Vehicle reg.HR
Websitewww.toplita.info

The settlement has had multiple name changes: Taplócza, Toplicza, Gyergyó-Toplicza, from February 3, 1861 Oláh-Toplicza, or "Romanian Toplița", then from January 1, 1907 Maroshévíz, until 1918, when it received the Romanian name Toplița Română. Both the Romanian and the Hungarian name mean "hot water spring"; the first is a Romanian word of Slavic origin.

The city administers eight villages: Călimănel (Kelemenpatak), Luncani (Lunkány), Măgheruș (Magyaros), Moglănești (Moglán), Secu (Székpatak), Vâgani (Vugány), Vale (Válya) and Zencani (Zsákhegy).


Demographics


Historical population
YearPop.±%
1956 8,944    
1966 10,993+22.9%
1977 13,618+23.9%
1992 17,212+26.4%
2002 16,839−2.2%
2011 13,282−21.1%
Source: Census data

According to the last census from 2011, there were 13,282 people living in the city. Of this population, 68.49% are ethnic Romanians, while 22.11%[3] are ethnic Hungarians (primarily Székelys) and 3.64% ethnic Romani.

Among the villages which are part of this municipality, there are large ethnic Hungarian minorities in Măgheruș (34%), Moglănești (21.5%), Secu (29.7%), and Zencani (23.7%).


Geography


Toplița is located in eastern Transylvania, on the upper reaches of the Mureș River, more precisely in the northwestern corner of Harghita County. It is situated at an altitude of 650 m (2,130 ft) above sea level, on the Giurgiului plain between the mountains of Giurgiului, Gurghiului and Călimani. The nearest towns are Borsec (26 km (16 mi)), Gheorgheni (38 km (24 mi)) and Reghin (69 km (43 mi)).


History


The region was Simon Bán's property until 1228, then passed on to the Bánffy family, who managed to keep their enormous properties until 1945.[4] As a feudal domain, the area was not part of any of the Székely seats (sedes judiciaria, Székely district with special national privileges).

The settlement was founded in 1567 by Kozma Petričević on land owned by Pál Bánffy. He gave the land to three Moldavian peasant families and named the place Taplócza.[5]

In 1658, Gyergyó-Toplicza was entirely destroyed by Moldavian units led by Pintea. After 1660, the Bánffys brought 391 Romanian peasant families from Deda onto these lands. Around 1710, rafting started on the Mureș River. Due to this profitable enterprise, Toplicza and its inhabitants started growing and evolving in both wealth and numbers. The first European census, ordered by Emperor Joseph II, took place in Toplicza on 20 November 1785. Census results showed 227 farms, 23 free and 231 thrall families who belonged to 22 lords. Baron János Bornemissza owned 52 of these families, while Baron Simon Kemény owned 30 and Count Mihály Teleki 18.[5]

In 1868, eight "praedia" belonged to Oláh-Toplicza: Kelemenpatak, Nyírmező, Csobotány, Mănăstirea, Vugány, Moglán, Plopiș, and Magyarós; at the time Válya was already part of the settlement. Nowadays, it comprises Valea, Zencani, Vâgani, Secu, Moglănești, Măgheruș, and Luncani.[6]

During World War I, Toplița and its periphery witnessed cruel fighting. The Romanian monument in Secu is the tomb of 771 Romanian soldiers, while in the Hungarian Soldiers Cemetery 450 Hungarian soldiers were buried. Until 1918 it was part of Maros-Torda County in the Kingdom of Hungary in Austria-Hungary. At the end of November 1918, the 7th Infantry Division of the Romanian Army under the command of General Traian Moșoiu crossed the Carpathian Mountains, coming from Piatra Neamț and advancing though the Prisăcani Valley towards Borsec, Toplița, and Reghin.[7] After the Union of Transylvania with Romania in December 1918 and the start of the Hungarian–Romanian War, Toplița passed under Romanian administration; after the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, it became part of Romania.

In 1940, the Second Vienna Award granted Northern Transylvania to Hungary. Towards the end of World War II, Romanian and Soviet armies entered the town in October 1944. The territory of Northern Transylvania remained under Soviet military administration until March 9, 1945 (after the appointment of Petru Groza as Prime Minister), after which it became again part of Romania.

In 1952 Toplița was declared a town, and became part of the Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, it became part of Harghita County. In 2002 it was declared a municipality.


Buildings



Natives



References


  1. "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  2. "Populaţia stabilă pe judeţe, municipii, oraşe şi localităti componenete la RPL_2011" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. Toplita Info Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Despre Toplița, pe scurt". www.toplita.info (in Romanian). Toplița townhall. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  6. Orbán Balázs, «A Székelyföld leírása történelmi, régészeti, természetrajzi s népismei szempontból», Pest, 1868, XXVIII.Átrándulás Gyergyó-Topliczára, «Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár»
  7. "Cine și cum a ocupat Budapesta la 3 august 1919". www.tribuna.ro (in Romanian). April 2, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2021.

На других языках


- [en] Toplița

[ru] Топлица (город)

Топлица (рум. Toplița, венг. Maroshévíz) — город в северной части Румынии, в жудеце Харгита. Название города имеет славянское происхождение и означает «горячий источник».



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