Dharan (Devanāgarī: धरान) is a sub-metropolitan city in Sunsari District of Province No. 1, Nepal, which was established as a fourth municipality in the Kingdom in 1958. It is the third most populous city in Eastern Nepal after Biratnagar and Itahari. Dharan is the location of the former Vijayapur, the seat of a historical Limbuwan kingdom, which was later used by the Sen kings of Makwanpur.[1][2] Dharan has an estimated city population of 173,096 living in 34,834 households as per 2021 Nepal census. It is one of the cities of the Greater Birat Development Area which incorporates the cities of Biratnagar-Itahari-Gothgau-Biratchowk-Dharan[3] primarily located on the Koshi Highway in Eastern Nepal, with an estimated total urban agglomerated population of 804,300 people living in 159,332 households.[4] It is the largest city in the province number one by Area. It covers 192.32 square kilometers while Biratnagar and Itahari is 2nd and 3rd biggest cities by Area

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Dharan धरान उपमहानगरपालिका
Sub-Metropolitan City
Dharan Clock tower
Motto(s):  "To build an environmentally sound city, functioning as the centre of education, health, tourism and business with fully developed infrastructure"
Dharan Show map of Province No. 1 Dharan Show map of Nepal
Coordinates: 26°49′0″N 87°17′0″E
Country	Nepal
Province	Province No. 1
District	Sunsari
First Settled	1902
Established	1958
Upgraded to Sub-metropolitan city	2017
Founded by	Ratna Prasad Shrestha
No. of Wards	20
Government
• Mayor	Harka Sampang (Independent)
• Deputy Mayor	Aindra Bikram Begha (Maiost)
Area
• Total	74.26 sq mi (192.32 km2)
• Water	1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2)
•	108,600 sq mi (281,000 km2)
Highest elevation (Near Bhedetar)	5,833 ft (1,778 m)
Lowest elevation (at Tarahara)	390 ft (119 m)
Population  (2022)
• Total	173,096
• Rank	15th (Nepal) 3rd (Province No. 1)
• Density	2,300/sq mi (900/km2)
• Ethnicities	Limbu Rai Bahun Chhetri Newars Magars Gurungs
Languages
• Official	Nepali
• Additional	English
Time zone	UTC+5:45 (NST)
Postal Code	56700 (Sunsari), 56702 (Mangalbare)
Telephone code	025
Climate	Cwa
Website	www.dharan.gov.np

Geography

Dharan is situated on the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in the north with its southern tip touching the edge of the Terai region at an altitude of 1148 ft (349m). The Koshi highway runs through the heart of the city thus connecting it with the provincial capital of Biratnagar as well as the Itahari junction of the east–west Mahendra highway (lying 41 km and 17 km south, respectively), and the Nepal-China border of Kimathanka (lying 115 km north).

Demographics

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of Nepal, 42.5% of the population in the city spoke Nepali, 10.1% Limbu, 7.4% Newar, 5.9% Rai, 5.9% Tamang, 5.8% Bantawa, and 22.4% spoke other smaller languages as their first language.

Caste And Ethnic groups

The largest single caste and ethnic in Dharan is Rai People|Rai, who makes (20.7%) of the population, Limbu comes to second with (11.7%), Newar makes (11.1%) of population Chhetri (10.7%), Tamang (7.3%), Hill Brahmin (7.1%), Kami (6.2%) and other various ethnic groups makes (25.2%) Of the population.[5]

Environment

A study conducted in 2016 to analyze the bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water and that of municipal tap water in Dharan found that one hundred percent of the tap water samples and 87.5% of the bottled water samples were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Of the tap water samples, 55.3% were positive for total coliforms, compared with 25% of the bottled water, but no bottled water samples were positive for fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, in contrast to 21.1% and 14.5% of the tap water samples being contaminated with fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. One hundred percent of the tap water samples and 54.2% of the bottled water samples had pH in the acceptable range.[7]

Tourist attractions

• Budha Subba: As an important and unique religious site to Nepali Hindus, this temple holds immense cultural significance to the people of Dharan.[8] Budha Subba temple is located a top the Bijaypur hills and the surrounding area is highly scenic. This temple holds historic significance because it is the tomb of the last Limbu King, Buddhi Karnaraya Khebang.[9]
• Gurkha Memorial Park: This park was established "to preserve the legacy of Brigade of Gurkhas in Dharan for posterity before it is forgotten and lost forever",[10] as many Nepalese men, many of whom were residents of Dharan, joined the Brigade of Gurkhas.
• Dharan Clock Tower

Media and communication

• Newspapers: The people of Dharan are served by several daily local newspapers and national newspapers. There are 11 local newspapers in total. These include The Blast Times and The Morning Times. National newspapers are also provided to the people of Dharan on a daily basis. National newspapers include The Kathmandu Post, Kantipur, Annapurna Post,[11][12] and Himalayan Times. Several monthly neighborhood papers serve the town.
• Radio: The state-owned Radio Nepal is broadcast on the medium wave on 648 kHz in the city. Five private local FM stations are available. They are Star FM - 95.6 MHz, Vijayapur FM - 98.8 MHz, Dantakali FM - 88.5 MHz, and Radio Dharan FM - 88.8 MHz. Radio Ganatantra FM 95.1 MHz is a community radio station. Likewise, Dharan has a BFBS Radio Relay station. It broadcasts on FM frequencies.
• Television: Nepal's state-owned television broadcaster, Nepal Television's relay station is present near its border, which provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels. A mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and other international channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct-broadcast satellite services. Dharan Cable Network broadcasts Kriti Television Channel as a local television channel that covers events in the city.

Climate

Notable people

• Bhola Rijal, Doctor and lyricist
• Deep Shrestha, Singer and music composer
• Deepak Limbu, Singer
• Dhiraj Rai, Singer
• Govinda Subba, First governor of province no. 1 (Nepal)
• Hari Nath Bastola, Politician
• Krishna Kumar Rai, Politician
• Malina Joshi, Miss Nepal 2011
• Malvika Subba, Miss Nepal 2002
• Minendra Rijal, Politician & MP
• Namrata Shrestha, Actress
• Raju Kaji Shakya, Former captain of national football team
• Sabin Rai, Singer
• Subin Limbu, Miss Nepal 2014

See also

• List of educational institutions in Dharan
• 2022 Dharan municipal election

References

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