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Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] (listen); spelled Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnɵs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city"; and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.

Neuss
City
Town hall
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Neuss within Rhein-Kreis Neuss district
Neuss Show map of Germany Neuss Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates: 51°12′N 6°42′E
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Düsseldorf
District	Rhein-Kreis Neuss
Government
• Mayor (2020–25)	Reiner Breuer [de][1] (SPD)
Area
• Total	99.48 km2 (38.41 sq mi)
Elevation	40 m (130 ft)
Population  (2020-12-31)[2]
• Total	153,109
• Density	1,500/km2 (4,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	41460-41472
Dialling codes	02131, 02137 (Norf), 02182
Vehicle registration	NE, GV
Website	www.neuss.de

History

Ancient Rome

Neuss was founded by the Romans in 16 BC as a military fortification (castrum) with the current city to the north of the castrum, at the confluence of the rivers Rhine and Erft, with the name of Novaesium.^{[citation needed]}

Legio XVI Gallica ("Gallic 16th Legion") of the Roman army was stationed here in 43-70 AD. It was disbanded after surrendering during the Batavian rebellion (AD 70).[3]

Later a civil settlement was founded in the area of today's centre of the town during the 1st century AD. Novaesium, together with Trier (Augusta Treverorum), is one of the three oldest Roman settlements in Germany.^{[citation needed]}

Middle Ages

Neuss grew during the Middle Ages because of its prime location on several routes, by the crossing of the great Rhine valley, and with its harbour and ferry. During the 10th century, the remains of the martyr and tribune Saint Quirinus, not to be confused with the Roman god Quirinus, had been relocated to Neuss. This resulted in pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Quirinus even from countries beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire. Neuss was first documented as a town in 1138.^{[citation needed]}

One of the main events in the town's history is the siege of the town in 1474–75 by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, that lasted for nearly a year. The citizens of Neuss withstood the siege and were therefore rewarded by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III. The town was granted the right to mint its own coins and to carry the imperial coat of arms, the imperial eagle and the crown, in the town's own coat of arms. Neuss became a member of the Hanseatic League, although it was never accepted by the other members of the League.^{[citation needed]}

Early modernity

In 1586, more than two-thirds of the city was destroyed by fire, and several wars during the reign of King Louis XIV of France resulted in worsening finances for Neuss. Its importance as a place for trading declined rapidly, and from the mid-17th century onwards, Neuss became a place only important for its agriculture.

Until the late 18th century, Neuss belonged to the Electorate of Cologne. From 1794 to 1814, Neuss was part of France during the reign of Napoleon. In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, Neuss became part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and was reorganized as a district with the municipalities of Neuss, Dormagen, Nettesheim, Nievenheim, Rommerskirchen and Zons. The town had a population of 6,333 at that time. It was part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1815–22) and its successor, the Rhine Province (1822–1946).

19th century – present

Neuss regained its economic power in the 19th century, with expansion of the harbour in 1835, and increasing industrial activity. The city's boundaries were expanded in 1881. Neuss became part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946.

In 1968 the spelling of the name was changed from Neuß to Neuss. In 1975 the town of Neuss and the district of Grevenbroich were joined to form the district of Rhein-Kreis Neuss with a population of 440,000 and its seat of government in Neuss. Neuss is also home to Toshiba's European headquarters.

Largest groups of foreign residents[4]
Nationality	Population (2018)
Turkey	5,440
Poland	1,775
Greece	1,627
Portugal	1,132
Italy	1,088
Serbia and Montenegro	1,072
Syria	982
Croatia	829

Politics

Mayor

The current mayor of Neuss is Reiner Breuer of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Reiner Breuer	Social Democratic Party	30,337	52.9
	Jan-Philipp Büchler	Christian Democratic Union	18,800	32.8
	Michael Klinkicht	Alliance 90/The Greens	4,049	7.1
	Roland Sperling	The Left	1,346	2.4
	Michael Fielenbach	Free Democratic Party	1,181	2.1
	Thomas Lang	UWG/Free Voters Neuss	1,158	2.0
	Hans Dietz	Centre Party	463	0.8
Valid votes			57,334	98.9
Invalid votes			617	1.1
Total			57,951	100.0
Electorate/voter turnout			120,328	48.2
Source: City of Neuss

Mayors and Lord Mayors since 1849

• 1849–1851: Heinrich Thywissen, Mayor (Bürgermeister)
• 1851–1858: Michael Frings, Mayor
• 1858–1882: Johann Joseph Ridder, Mayor
• 1882–1889: Carl Wenders, Mayor
• 1890–1902: Engelbert Tilmann, Mayor
• 1902–1921: Franz Gielen, Lord Mayor
• 1921–1930: Heinrich Hüpper, Lord Mayor
• 1930–1934: Wilhelm Henrichs, Centre Party, Lord Mayor (Oberbürgermeister)
• 1934–1938: Wilhelm Eberhard Gelberg, NSDAP, Lord Mayor
• 1938–1945: Wilhelm Tödtmann, NSDAP, Lord Mayor
• 1945–1946: Josef Nagel, Lord Mayor
• 1946: Josef Schmitz, Lord Mayor
• 1946–1961: Alfons Frings, CDU, Lord Mayor
• 1961–1967: Peter Wilhelm Kallen, Lord Mayor
• 1967–1982: Herbert Karrenberg, CDU, Lord Mayor
• 1982–1987: Hermann Wilhelm Thywissen, CDU, Lord Mayor
• 1987–1998: Bertold Mathias Reinartz, CDU, Mayor
• 1998–2015: Herbert Napp, CDU, Mayor
• 2015–present: Reiner Breuer, SPD, Mayor

City council

The Neuss city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Party		Votes	%	+/-	Seats	+/-
	Christian Democratic Union (CDU)	20,810	36.4	3.4	21	6
	Social Democratic Party (SPD)	18,517	32.4	5.1	19	±0
	Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)	7,996	14.0	3.2	8	1
	Alternative for Germany (AfD)	2,420	4.2	0.0	2	1
	Free Democratic Party (FDP)	1,882	3.3	4.9	2	4
	The Left (Die Linke)	1,601	2.8	1.2	2	1
	UWG/Free Voters Neuss (UWG/FW)	1,106	1.9	0.0	1	±0
	Action Party for Animal Protection (hier!)	929	1.6	New	1	New
	Active for Neuss (Aktiv)	863	1.5	New	1	New
	Die PARTEI	823	1.4	New	1	New
	Centre Party (Zentrum)	223	0.4	0.2	0	±0
	Independent Volkmar Wolfram Ortlepp	18	0.0	New	0	New
Valid votes		57,188	98.8
Invalid votes		672	1.2
Total		57,860	100.0		58	10
Electorate/voter turnout		120,328	48.1	2.6
Source: City of Neuss

Number of inhabitants

• 1798: 4,423
• 1831: 7,888
• 1861: 10,300
• 1885: 20,074
• 1900: 28,472
• 1925: 44,958
• 1945: 51,624
• 1965: 111,104
• 1987: 142,178
• 2015: 159,672

Sports

One sports club is Neusser Schlittschuh-Klub. Their sections are figure skating, ice stock sport and, as the only club in Germany, bandy. With the lack of a large ice surface, the variety rink bandy is practiced.[5] There are also two football clubs in the city of Neuss: VfR Neuss Football Club and DJK Novesia Neuss. ^{[citation needed]}

Points of interest

• Botanischer Garten der Stadt Neuss, the city's botanical garden
• Basilica of St. Quirinus: a 13th-century late romanesque church, dedicated to the city's patron saint and housing a shrine with his relics. Its dome-shaped eastern tower is one of the city's landmarks. In 2009 it was granted the title of minor basilica.^{[citation needed]}
• Obertor (Upper Gate): southern city gate, built circa 1200; today part of the Clemens Sels Museum Neuss. It is the only remaining of originally six gates that were part of the medieval town fortification.
• Blutturm (Bloody Tower): built in the 13th century, the only remaining round tower of the historic town fortification.
• Zum "Schwatte Päd" (The Black Horse): the oldest public house in the Lower Rhine region, established 1604
• Saint Sebastianus Church
• Saint Maria Church:
• Christuskirche (Christ church): historicistic church, the city's oldest Protestant church
• Globe Theater, a replica of the London Globe Theatre, with an annual Shakespeare festival
• Hamtor/the Hamgate
• Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest: one of Germany's largest marksmen's festivals, taking place annually on the last weekend in August; roundabout 7000 marksmen take part in the traditional parades.

Notable people

• Hildegund (virgin) (1170–1188), saint
• Johann Pennarius (1517–1563), auxiliary bishop in Cologne
• Hermann Thyraeus (1532–1591), theologian and member of the Society of Jesus
• Peter Thyraeus, (1546–1601), Jesuit, professor of theology in Würzburg
• Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), physiologist
• Franz Maria Feldhaus (1874–1957), technical historian and scientific writer
• Joseph Frings (1887–1978), Archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne
• Kurt Josten (1912–1994), German-British jurist, state official and resistance fighter
• Erik Martin (1936–2017[6]), author, songwriter and editor
• Mario Ohoven (born 1946), financial intermediary and investment adviser
• Elke Aberle (born 1950), actress
• Mònica Oltra (born 1969), Spanish politician, spokesperson and minister for Equality and Inclusive Policies of the Valencian government
• Friedhelm Funkel (born 1953), football player and coach
• Heike Hohlbein (born 1954), writer
• Jürgen P. Rabe (born 1955), physicist
• Norbert Hummelt (born 1962), writer
• Kai Böcking (born 1964), moderator
• Franziska Pigulla (1964–2019), actress, news presenter and voice actress
• Thomas Rupprath (born 1977), swimmer
• Lars Börgeling (born 1979), pole vaulter
• Judith Flemig (born 1979), volleyball player
• Jawed Karim (born 1979), American entrepreneur, co-founder of YouTube; lived here c. 1981–1992
• Marcel Ohmann (born 1991), ice hockey player
• Danny da Costa (born 1993), footballer

Twin towns – sister cities

Neuss is twinned with:[7]

• Châlons-en-Champagne, France (1972)
• Pskov, Russia (1990)
• Rijeka, Croatia (1990)
• Saint Paul, United States (1999)
• Nevşehir, Turkey (2007)

Gallery

• 
  Saint Quirinus Minster
• 
  Obertor
• 
  St. Sebastianus Church
• 
  Christuskirche
• 
  Blutturm

References

External links

• Official website (in German and English)
• "Neuss" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

На других языках

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[de] Neuss

Neuss (bis 1968 offiziell Neuß geschrieben,[2][3] im regionalen Dialekt Nüss sowie lateinisch Novaesium) ist eine Großstadt in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Sie liegt am linken Niederrhein auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite von Düsseldorf und ist mit rund 150.000 Einwohnern Deutschlands größte kreisangehörige Stadt und als Mittelzentrum zugleich größte Stadt des Rhein-Kreises Neuss. Auf der Liste der Großstädte in Deutschland belegt sie Platz 54. Die Stadt ist vor allem für ihre römische Vergangenheit, den Rheinhafen und das Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest bekannt. 1984 beging sie ihre 2000-Jahr-Feier und zählt damit zu den ältesten Städten Deutschlands.

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- [en] Neuss

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[es] Neuss

Neuss es una ciudad de Alemania situada en la parte occidental del estado de Renania del Norte-Westfalia. Su población es de unos 150 000 habitantes.

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[ru] Нойс

Нойс (нем. Neuss) — город на западе Германии, в Северном Рейне-Вестфалии. Столица и крупнейший город района Рейн-Нойс. Расположен на западном берегу р. Рейн, напротив Дюссельдорфа. Лежит на пересечении исторических и современных торговых путей. Нойс — один из самых древних городов Германии.

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