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Ingelheim (German: [ˈɪŋəlhaɪ̯m] (listen)), officially Ingelheim am Rhein (English: Ingelheim upon Rhine), is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in the Rhineland-Palatinate state of Germany. The town sprawls along the Rhine's west bank. It has been Mainz-Bingen's district seat since 1996.

Ingelheim am Rhein
Town
Location of Ingelheim am Rhein within Mainz-Bingen district
BreitscheidSankt JohannWolfsheimBubenheimMommenheimDalheimFriesenheimHillesheim
Ingelheim am Rhein
Ingelheim am Rhein
Coordinates: 49°58′29″N 8°3′23″E
CountryGermany
StateRhineland-Palatinate
DistrictMainz-Bingen
Government
  Lord mayor (201927) Ralf Claus[1] (SPD)
Area
  Total73.33 km2 (28.31 sq mi)
Highest elevation
247 m (810 ft)
Lowest elevation
80 m (260 ft)
Population
 (2020-12-31)[2]
  Total35,161
  Density480/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
55218
Dialling codes06132
06130-Großwinternheim
06725-Sporkenheim
Vehicle registrationMZ, BIN
Websitewww.ingelheim.de
Ingelheim, 2009
Ingelheim, 2009
Coloured engraving of Ingelheim, Matthäus Merian, 1645
Coloured engraving of Ingelheim, Matthäus Merian, 1645

From the later half of the 8th century, the Ingelheim Imperial Palace, which served emperors and kings as a lodging and a ruling seat until the 11th century, was to be found here.


Etymology


The typically Rhenish-Hessian placename ending —heim might well go back to Frankish times, that is to say, likely as far back as the 5th or 6th century. Settlements or estates then took their lords’ names and were given this suffix, which means "home" in German. The name is recorded in later documents as Ingilinhaim, Ingilinheim (782), Ingilenhaim, Engelheim, Hengilonheim, Engilonheim (822), Engilinheim (826), Hingilinheim (855), Ingilunheim (874), Ingulinheim (889), Ingelesheim (891), Ingelenheim (940), Anglia sedes (1051), Ingilheim and Ingelnheim (1286), among other forms.

Since 1269, a distinction has been made between Nieder-Ingelheim and Ober-Ingelheim (Lower and Upper Ingelheim).

Panorama of Ingelheim

Geography



Location


Ingelheim am Rhein lies in the north of Rhein Hessen on the so-called Rhein Knee, west of the state capital, Mainz. The Rhein forms the town's northern limit. Southwards, the town stretches into the valley of the river Selz, which empties into the Rhein in the constituent community of Frei-Weinheim or Ingelheim-Nord ("North").

The constituent communities of Ingelheim-Mitte and Ingelheim-Süd ("Middle" and "South") are nestled against the corner of the so-called Mainzer Berg [de] ("Mainz Mountain").

The municipal area's lowest point is the harbour on the Rhein at 80.8 m above sea level. The two highest points are the Mainzer Berg at 247.8 m above sea level and the Westerberg [de] at 247.5 m above sea level.

An obelisk on the south side of the village in direction Wackernheim, marks the road begun by Charlemagne, and completed by Napoleon. From this point a fine prospect of the entire Rheingau could be obtained.[3]


Municipal area’s extent


The municipal area's north-south extent is 7.9 km, while the east-west extent is 5 km.


Neighbouring municipalities


Clockwise from the north, these are Geisenheim, Oestrich-Winkel on the Rhine's right bank, and on the left bank Budenheim, Finthen, the Verbandsgemeinde of Nieder-Olm, Schwabenheim, Gau-Algesheim (both belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gau-Algesheim) and Bingen am Rhein. Since 1 July 2019 Wackernheim and Heidesheim are incorporated into the city of Ingelheim.[4]


Constituent communities


Ingelheim is currently divided into six Stadtteile: Ingelheim-Mitte, Ingelheim-Nord, Ingelheim-Süd, Sporkenheim, Groß-Winternheim and Ingelheim-West. Before Ingelheim became a town in 1939, the first three centres bore the names Nieder-Ingelheim, Frei-Weinheim and Ober-Ingelheim. Official changes notwithstanding, the old names are still quite often used.


Climate


The town lies in the temperate zone. The average yearly temperature in Ingelheim is 9.8 °C. The warmest months are July and August with average temperatures of 18.0 and 18.5 °C respectively, and the coldest month is January at 1.0 °C on average. The most precipitation falls in June and August with an average of 64 mm, and the least in March with an average of 31 mm. Like all Rhenish Hesse, Ingelheim, too, is sheltered from the weather by the Hunsrück, the Taunus, the Odenwald and the Donnersberg, thereby limiting the yearly precipitation to only 560 mm.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Temperature (°C) 1.0 2.0 4.5 9.5 14 17 18 18 14.5 10.5 5 2
9.7
Precipitation (mm) 40 35 31 36 52 64 59 64 45 40 51 43
560
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[5]

History


The Ingelheim area was already settled in prehistoric times. The place first earned itself particular importance, though, only under Charlemagne and his successors. Charlemagne had built the Ingelheim Imperial Palace (Ingelheimer Kaiserpfalz) here, where synods and Imperial diets were held in the time that followed. His son and successor, Emperor Louis the Pious, died on 20 June 840 in Ingelheim.

In the High and Late Middle Ages, the Palatinate's, and thereby also Ingelheim's, importance shrank.

For German justice history, the Ingelheimer Oberhof ("Ingelheim Upper Court") is of particular importance, as a unique collection of judgments from the 15th and 16th centuries that it handed down has been preserved.

Late 19th century Ingelheim was the residence of the Dutch writer Multatuli (Eduard Douwes Dekker).

In 1939, the formerly self-administering municipalities of Nieder-Ingelheim, Ober-Ingelheim and Frei-Weinheim were merged into the Town of Ingelheim am Rhein.

Burgkirche – Castle Church – the town's landmark
Burgkirche – "Castle Church" – the town's landmark

From the Second World War, Ingelheim emerged as the only unscathed town between Mainz and Koblenz. Today, Ingelheim is a middle centre in Rhineland-Palatinate, a Great District-Bound Town (Große kreisangehörige Stadt – a status deriving from the Rhineland-Palatinate Municipal Order) and the seat of district administration for Mainz-Bingen.

Furthermore, Ingelheim harbours the business Boehringer Ingelheim which is active worldwide.


Population data



Religion


In 2004, 36% of Ingelheim's inhabitants belonged to the Lutheran faith, and 34% were Catholic, while 24% were without any religious faith; from 2% of the population, no data were forthcoming.

The six Catholic parishes belong, within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz to the Deanery of Bingen.

The five Protestant parishes of the EKHN belong to the Provostship (Propstei) of Mainz, and within this to the Deanery of Ingelheim.

Besides these, the Baptists, Religious humanists and Muslims each have small communities in Ingelheim, as do the Jehovah's Witnesses and Buddhists.

Stolpersteine
Stolpersteine

Until 1942 there was a Jewish community, whose beginnings went back to the 16th century. About 1850, roughly 200 Jewish inhabitants lived in Ober-Ingelheim, and by 1933 there were still 134 all together in Oberingelheim and Niederingelheim. In 1840 and 1841, a synagogue that was important to architectural history was built. It was dedicated on 27 August 1841 and destroyed on 9 November 1938 – Kristallnacht. Many Jewish inhabitants lost their lives after being deported to the death camps during the time of the Third Reich.


Amalgamations


On 22 April 1972 the municipality of Groß-Winternheim was amalgamated. The former municipalities Heidesheim am Rhein and Wackernheim were merged into Ingelheim am Rhein on 1 July 2019.


Population development



Before 1939

Year Nieder-Ingelheim Ober-Ingelheim Frei-Weinheim total
18151,3601,7381923,290
1871   5,760
18852,7293,1607016,590
19003,4353,4028387,675
1905   8,098
19103,8523,4798828,213
19335,1574,1161,18310,456
19395,5264,3091,20011,035
Groß-Winternheim in March 2009
Groß-Winternheim in March 2009
Schloss Westerhaus on the Westerberg, since 1900 owned by the Family Opel
Schloss Westerhaus on the Westerberg, since 1900 owned by the Family Opel

Beginning in 1939

Year Population
193911,035
194511,348
194611,875¹
194912,500
195515,078
1/1/195715,428
196115,792
early 1966~19,000
197018,719
197121,501
197222,534
197423,323
Year Population
197519,224
198020,855
198521,712
199022,111
199524,747
199725,683
200025,840
200125,764
200225,954
200326,153
200426,289
¹: Census
Imposts in the church's apse
Imposts in the church's apse
Ingelheim Nord (Frei-Weinheim)
Ingelheim Nord (Frei-Weinheim)

Politics



Town council


The municipal election held in 2004 yielded the following results:

Party %Seats
Christian Democratic Union of Germany 37.53% (-4.24%) 13
Social Democratic Party of Germany 29.64% (-5.90%) 11
Grünen 10.41% (+2.52%) 4
Liste Klose 10.19% (+10.19%) 4
Freie Wähler 7.30% (-2.33%) 2
Free Democratic Party 4.93% (-0.24%) 2

Mayor


Ingelheim-Süd (Ober-Ingelheim) with Burgkirche, St. Michael and Bismarckturm on the Westerberg
Ingelheim-Süd (Ober-Ingelheim) with Burgkirche, St. Michael and Bismarckturm on the Westerberg

In the last mayoral elections, held on 26 May 2019, Ralf Claus, mayor of Ingelheim since 2012, was reelected as mayor:

CandidateParty %
Breyer, Eveline CDU 44.4%
Claus, Ralf SPD 55.6%
Old power station with Uffhubtor and newly made greenspace
Old power station with Uffhubtor and newly made greenspace

Results of council elections since 1946


Eligible voters: 6,899
Voter turnout: 88.6%
Eligible voters: 9,488
Voter turnout: 77.76%, 7378 votes, 7,187 valid votes
Eligible voters: 9,979
Voter turnout: 72.62%, 7,247 votes, 7,096 valid votes
Eligible voters: 10,695
Voter turnout: 70.14%, 7,502 votes, 7,309 valid votes
Eligible voters: 11,369 (50a CDU) 11,312 (40a Ing)
Voter turnout: 72.77%, 8,231 votes (50a CDU) 8,232 (40a Ing)
Eligible voters: 12,295
Voter turnout: 75.51%, 9,309 votes, 9,144 valid votes
Eligible voters: 13,992
Voter turnout: 73.46%, 10,280 votes, 10,153 valid votes
Eligible voters: 14,027
Voter turnout: 79.17%, 11,106 votes, 10,973 valid votes
Eligible voters: 14,238
Voter turnout: 73.54%, 10,470 votes, 10,262 valid votes
Eligible voters: 15,408
Voter turnout: 74.9%, 11,252 valid votes
Voter turnout: 70%, 11,781 votes

Mayors before 1939



(Chief) Mayors since 1939


Mayors (Bürgermeister) from 1946, Chief Mayors (Oberbürgermeister) from 1972:


Coat of arms


The town's arms might be described thus: Argent an eagle displayed sable armed and langued gules.

The eagle is the Imperial Eagle. The arms have their roots in the Imperial Freedom enjoyed by the Ingelheimer Grund (Ingelheim area).


Old coats of arms

Nieder-Ingelheim (1530-1939)
Nieder-Ingelheim (1530-1939)
Ober-Ingelheim (until 1939)
Ober-Ingelheim (until 1939)
Nieder-Ingelheim: Argent a wall embattled gules masoned sable, issuant therefrom a demi-eagle displayed of the third beaked and langued of the second.
Ober-Ingelheim: Argent an eagle displayed sable armed, beaked and langued gules.

Sponsorships



Twin towns – sister cities


Ingelheim am Rhein is twinned with:[6]

On 24 October 1975, the three-way partnership between Ingelheim, Autun and Stevenage was officially sealed.


Culture and sightseeing



Ingelheimer Fassenacht


There is in Ingelheim a well-developed carnival culture, which admittedly is very much under the Mainz carnival’s influence. All together, the town counts four Carnival clubs:


Museums


The Museum bei der Kaiserpfalz ("Museum at the Imperial Palace") has an exhibit dedicated to the Imperial Palace built in Ingelheim after 785 by Charlemagne. On show are small archaeological finds, objects from architectural sculpture and a demonstrative model of the once imposing building. Remnants of the Imperial Palace can be seen right near the museum. Of Europe-wide importance is the golden solidus found in 1996, which is hitherto still the only gold coin ever found struck with Charlemagne's effigy.[7]


Music



Singing clubs


Buildings


The town has at its disposal a range of historical buildings worth seeing:


Others


Parks



Natural monuments


European bee-eater over Ingelheim
European bee-eater over Ingelheim

In the cadastral areas of Nieder-Ingelheim and Frei-Weinheim, mainly north of the Autobahn along Konrad-Adenauer-Straße, but also south of the Autobahn – even within the Boehringer Ingelheim industrial lands – are found drifting chalk sands. Likewise a deposit is to be found in the area of the Griesmühle (mill).

These formations are under conservational protection under the Rhineland-Palatinate State Care Law. Damaging them or removing them, among other acts, is considered an incompensable encroachment on nature and the landscape. Municipal building uses in drifting chalk sand areas are therefore routinely excluded or only approved in very special cases. Two such exceptions were the building of Konrad-Adenauer-Straße (from the Autobahn bridge to Rheinstraße) and the building of the daycare centre on Sporkenheimer Straße.


Sport



Common welfare


The MütZe ("Mothers’ and Families’ Centre", with the abbreviation resembling the word Mütze – "cap") is to be found at the old Gymnasium. The MütZe takes upon itself a generation-spanning exchange for all Ingelheim residents. A babysitter exchange, handicraft classes, breakfast and lunch, housework and holiday support are regularly offered, as well as courses and events covering every family theme from babies to health to creativity.

In Ingelheim there are also a House of Youth (Haus der Jugend, although this is soon to become a shopping centre and will be replaced with another House of Youth) and a Mehrgenerationshaus.


Regular events



Culinary specialities


Regional Rhenish-Hessian specialities are asparagus and morello cherries (a cultivar of sour cherries).


Economy and infrastructure



Transport


The Autobahn A 60 runs through the municipal area and has two interchanges there. Bundesstraße 41 ends in Ingelheim. The Autobahnen A 61 and A 63 lie right nearby. Frankfurt Airport can be reached by Autobahn in roughly 30 minutes. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport can be reached in roughly 50 minutes by Autobahnen A 60 and A 61 or Bundesstraße 50. A Bus to Hahn can be caught in Mainz

Ingelheim lies on the Mainz-Bingen-Cologne (West Rhine Railway) and Saarbrücken-Mainz-Frankfurt railway lines. Between Ingelheim-Nord and Oestrich-Winkel runs a Rhine ferry. The constituent communities and the surrounding municipalities are served by city and regional bus routes of Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe GmbH. The local rail transport is served by the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund.


Established businesses



Agricultural produce


Of the 4,987-hectare municipal area, 641 ha is used for winegrowing and 1 373 ha is used for crops. The main agricultural produce is sour cherries, white asparagus and Wine. Although the town lies in a region dominated by white wine, 54.9% of the vineyard area in Ingelheim am Rhein is used for growing red wine varieties. With 641 ha in vineyards, the town is moreover one of Rhenish Hesse’s biggest winegrowing centres after Worms, (1,490 ha), Nierstein (783 ha), Alzey (769 ha), Westhofen (764 ha), Alsheim (704 ha) and Bechtheim (654 ha), and one of the biggest in the whole state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

"The red wines of Ingelheim and Heidesheim (…) opposite to Eltville (…) enjoy a high reputation."[3]

The Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute’s vegetable farming department runs an experimental asparagus field in Ingelheim. The research results can be viewed on the Internet.[8]


Media


Local daily newspaper: Allgemeine Zeitung Ingelheim within the Rhein Main Presse, published by the Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main, Mainz.

Municipal television: "Blickpunkt Ingelheim", which is broadcast every Monday and Thursday on regional channel K3.


Public institutions


Since 1996, Ingelheim has been the seat of district administration for Mainz-Bingen.


Education


Ingelheim is home to:

Under the umbrella of the Ingelheim Further Education Centre Weiterbildungszentrum Ingelheim the following institutions work:


Notable people



Honorary citizens



Sons and daughters of the town


Sebastian Münster
Sebastian Münster

Other celebrities



See also


Universal Synod of Ingelheim


References


  1. Wahlen der Bürgermeister der verbandsfreien Gemeinden, Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 30 July 2021.
  2. "Bevölkerungsstand 2020, Kreise, Gemeinden, Verbandsgemeinden". Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz (in German). 2021.
  3. Karl Baedeker, A Handbook for travellers on the Rhine, from Holland to Switzerland, Koblenz, 1864 - p. 279
  4. Ingelheim, Heidesheim und Wackernheim unterzeichnen Eingemeindungsvertrag, Allgemeine Zeitung vom 29. Februar 2016
  5. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Normalperiode 1961–1990
  6. "Städtepartnerschaften". ingelheim.de (in German). Ingelheim am Rhein. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  7. Ingelheim Imperial Palace webpage Archived 2006-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Geisenheimer Online-Beratungssystem: [www.asparagus-info.org]

Further reading



Documents





На других языках


[de] Ingelheim am Rhein

Ingelheim am Rhein ist eine große kreisangehörige Stadt im Landkreis Mainz-Bingen in Rheinland-Pfalz und seit 1996 Sitz der Verwaltung dieses Kreises. Sie ist gemäß Landesplanung als Mittelzentrum klassifiziert.
- [en] Ingelheim am Rhein

[es] Ingelheim am Rhein

Ingelheim am Rhein es el centro administrativo del distrito de Maguncia-Bingen, situado en la ribera izquierda del Rin, situada en la región vitivinícola Rheinhessen, en el estado federal de Renania-Palatinado, Alemania. La ciudad tiene unos 35.000 habitantes. Acoge la sede central de Boehringer Ingelheim, una de las 20 mayores empresas farmacéuticas del mundo.

[ru] Ингельхайм-ам-Райн

И́нгельхайм-ам-Райн[1] (нем. Ingelheim am Rhein) — город в Германии, районный центр, расположен в земле Рейнланд-Пфальц.



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