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Nord-du-Québec (French pronunciation: ​[nɔʁ dy kebɛk]; English: Northern Quebec) is the largest, but the least populous, of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. With nearly 750,000 square kilometres (290,000 sq mi) of land area, and very extensive lakes and rivers, it covers much of the Labrador Peninsula and about 55% of the total land surface area of Quebec, while containing a little more than 0.5% of the population.

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Nord-du-Québec
Region; also Census division
Location within Quebec and Canada (inset)
Coordinates: 56°10′N 74°25′W[1][2]
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Area [3]
• Land	747,191.93 km2 (288,492.42 sq mi)
Population  (2016)[3]
• Total	44,561
• Density	0.06/km2 (0.2/sq mi)
• Change (2011–2016)	4.7%
• Dwellings	16,179
Website	Services Québec: Nord-du-Québec
[4]

Before 1912, the northernmost part of this region was part of the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories, and until 1987 it was referred to as Nouveau-Québec, or New Quebec.

It is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north, Labrador in the northeast, and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Mauricie, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, and Côte-Nord in the south and southeast.

The Nord-du-Québec region is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975; other regions covered (in part) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord, Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions.

Geography

Nord-du-Québec region is divided for statistical and other purposes into three territories equivalent to a regional county municipality (TEs):

• Kativik (or Nunavik) north of the 55th parallel, predominantly Inuit
• Eeyou Istchee non-contiguously enclaved within Jamésie (with one community in Kativik), predominantly Cree
• Jamésie south of the 55th parallel

From the Canada 2011 Census, Eeyou Istchee has a land area of 5,586.25 km² and a population of 16,350; Jamésie has a land area of 298,202.78 km² and a population of 14,139; Kativik has a land area of 443,372.20 km² and a population of 12,090. However, when the Grand Council of the Crees speaks of "Eeyou Istchee", they refer to a much larger and contiguous traditional territory and homeland that covers much of Jamésie.

The most populous community overall is the city of Chibougamau, which is in Jamésie. The most populous community in Eeyou Istchee is Chisasibi. And the most populous community in Kativik is Kuujjuaq.

Jamésie, extending from the eastern shore of James Bay to the Otish Mountains of the Laurentian Plateau, is mainly boreal forest. Eeyou Istchee is largely enclaved within Jamésie, although one of its communities is slightly to the north of the 55th parallel and geographically enclaved within Kativik. Kativik has some boreal forest in its southern portion but is mainly tundra which covers the entire Ungava Peninsula.

Population and local government

The 44,561 inhabitants of Nord-du-Québec at the 2016 census included about 16,000 Cree and about 12,000 Inuit. The remaining population, concentrated in the south, are mainly of European descent.

The administrative structure of Nord-du-Québec is divided between three equivalent territories to a regional municipality: Kativik, Eeyou Istchee, and Jamésie. At the local level exists five municipalities: The towns of Chibougamau (the largest town in this region), Chapais, Lebel-sur-Quévillon, and Matagami, and the special municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory, which was formerly the local municipality of Baie-James before a 2012 restructure of the government.

Kativik offers regional services to its 14 northern villages and associated Inuit reserved lands as well as the Naskapi village municipality of Kawawachikamach. Eeyou Istchee offers regional services to its 9 Cree village municipalities and their associated Cree reserved lands. The four towns of Jamésie are not covered by a regional government, and supply their own services. The special local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory is governed jointly by the Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government, which consists of 11 representatives from Eeyou Istche and 11 representatives from Jamésie.

The region is linguistically diverse. According to the 2011 Census of Canada, the most common mother tongues were French (34.7%), Cree (34.3%), Inuktitut (25.0%), and English (4.3%). 50.9% of residents reported being able to speak French, the official language of the province, and 63.3% could speak English.

Transportation and access

There is a limited network of roads in the Jamésie region which reaches most of the few, small communities. Most were constructed as part of the James Bay Project. The "main road" of the region is the 620 kilometres (390 mi) long James Bay Road, a paved (albeit remote) extension of Route 109 from Matagami to Radisson. The 407 kilometres (253 mi) long gravel Route du Nord connects the James Bay Road to Route 167 near Chibougamau. The 666 kilometres (414 mi) gravel Trans-Taiga Road branches off the James Bay Road to Caniapiscau, the northernmost connecting road in eastern North America.

The few provincial routes are concentrated in the far south of the region, including Route 109 to Matagami, Route 113, which ends near Chibougamau, and Route 167 to Mistissini.

There are no roads to Nunavik from the south. There are isolated roads in and around villages, as well as an isolated road running from Raglan Mine to Deception Bay, connecting to Salluit. Access is limited to air travel, sea travel to coastal areas, or hiking great distances. All villages have their own airport, with the Kuujjuaq Airport functioning as a regional hub.

Geographic hierarchy of census division

[5]

Census Code	E/J/K?	Name	Type	Population 2011	Population 2006	Total dwellings	Dwellings usual res.	Land Area
2499883	K	Akulivik	TI	0	0	0	0	445.73
2499125	K	Akulivik	VN	615	507	148	137	76.87
2499891	K	Aupaluk	TI	0	0	0	0	544.03
2499105	K	Aupaluk	VN	195	174	59	56	30.12
2499904	K	Baie-d'Hudson	NO	0	16	0	0	129712.09
2499020	J	Chapais	V	1 610	1 630	728	674	63.64
2499025	J	Chibougamau	V	7 541	7 563	3 474	3 222	699.31
2499055	E	Chisasibi	VC	0	0	0	0	491.63
2499814	E	Chisasibi	TC	4 484	3 972	1 050	923	828.18
2499045	E	Eastmain	VC	0	0	0	0	316.91
2499810	E	Eastmain	TC	767	650	226	188	147.47
2499879	K	Inukjuak	TI	0	0	0	0	428.39
2499085	K	Inukjuak	VN	1 597	1 597	444	413	55.63
2499140	K	Ivujivik	VN	370	349	91	86	35.21
2499894	K	Kangiqsualujjuaq	TI	0	0	0	0	538.42
2499090	K	Kangiqsualujjuaq	VN	874	735	191	185	35.05
2499888	K	Kangiqsujuaq	TI	0	0	0	0	572.62
2499130	K	Kangiqsujuaq	VN	696	605	174	170	12.56
2499890	K	Kangirsuk	TI	0	0	0	0	529.40
2499110	K	Kangirsuk	VN	549	466	163	160	57.26
2499065	K	Kawawachikamach	VK	0	0	0	0	242.09
2499893	K	Kuujjuaq	TI	0	0	0	0	320.80
2499095	K	Kuujjuaq	VN	2 375	2 132	925	799	292.72
2499877	K	Kuujjuarapik	TI	0	0	0	0	293.66
2499075	K	Kuujjuarapik	VN	657	568	204	189	8.16
2499005	J	Lebel-sur-Quévillon	V	2 159	2 729	1 111	917	40.14
2499015	J	Matagami	V	1 526	1 555	719	625	66.85
2499030	E	Mistissini	VC	0	0	0	0	514.30
2499804	E	Mistissini	TC	3 427	2 897	952	845	865.76
2499040	E	Nemaska	VC	0	0	0	0	51.18
2499808	E	Nemaska	TC	712	642	226	200	96.57
2499818	E	Oujé-Bougoumou	TC	725	606	251	183	2.54
2499120	K	Puvirnituq	VN	1 692	1 457	489	389	85.74
2499889	K	Quaqtaq	TI	0	0	0	0	523.83
2499115	K	Quaqtaq	VN	376	315	91	89	26.54
2499902	K	Rivière-Koksoak	NO	0	15	0	0	307039.90
2499887	K	Salluit	TI	0	0	0	0	596.84
2499135	K	Salluit	VN	1 347	1 241	315	299	14.39
2499892	K	Tasiujaq	TI	0	0	0	0	502.11
2499100	K	Tasiujaq	VN	303	248	72	72	66.54
2499878	K	Umiujaq	TI	0	0	0	0	257.78
2499080	K	Umiujaq	VN	444	390	104	94	27.72
2499035	E	Waskaganish	VC	0	0	0	0	277.76
2499806	E	Waskaganish	TC	2 206	1 864	496	467	505.37
2499010	E	Waswanipi	VC	0	0	0	0	211.52
2499802	E	Waswanipi	TC	1 777	1 473	513	413	415.64
2499050	E	Wemindji	VC	0	0	0	0	171.06
2499812	E	Wemindji	TC	1 378	1 215	377	333	377.95
2499070	E	Whapmagoostui	VC	0	0	0	0	122.53
2499816	E	Whapmagoostui	TC	874	812	221	206	189.88
		Nord-du-Québec	CD	42579	39 817	14 515	12 925	747161.22
	E	Eeyou Istchee	TE	16 350	14 131	4 312	3 758	5586.25
	J	Jamésie	TE	14 139	14 871	6 733	6 029	298202.78
	K	Kativik	TE	12 090	10 815	3 470	3 138	443372.20

In the rightmost column, the total area adds up to 747161.23 rather than the correct 747161.22 due to rounding error.

Administrative divisions

Regional governments

• Kativik Territory
• Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory

Independent cities

• Chapais
• Chibougamau
• Lebel-sur-Quévillon
• Matagami

Cree villages

• Chisasibi
• Eastmain
• Mistissini
• Nemaska
• Oujé-Bougoumou
• Waskaganish
• Waswanipi
• Wemindji
• Whapmagoostui

Native Reserve

• Lac-John

Major communities

See also

• Northern Canada

References

Further reading

• Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship,” Global Business and Economics Review, 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.
• Landry, Michel K., et al. Équation Nord: formule gagnante pour des affaires prospères dans le nord du Québec. [Toronto, Ont.]: Deloitte, [2013]. Without ISBN

External links

• Nord-du-Québec (at website of the Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire)
• Official site of the Nord-du-Québec administrative region (archived)
• Official site of the Kativik Regional Government (Nunavik)
• Officiel site of the Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)

На других языках

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- [en] Nord-du-Québec

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[ru] Север Квебека

Север Квебека (фр. Nord-du-Québec; также неоф. Nouveau Québec, «Новый Квебек») — крупнейший административный регион Квебека (Канада), вошедший в состав провинции в 1912 году (до этого большая часть данной территории была известна под именем Унгава (территория). На регион приходится более половины (55 %) общей площади современного Квебека, а именно 839 тыс. км², из которых 121 тыс. км² приходится на многочисленные озера и реки, являющиеся важным источником гидроэлектроэнергии для компании Гидро-Квебек. Для сравнения, на территории севера Квебека могли бы одновременно поместиться Франция и Бельгия. Север Квебека в свою очередь распадается на три района — более освоенную и европеизированную часть Жамези на юге, инуитскую территорию Нунавик на севере, а также несколько анклавов кри, созданных в 2007 году и объединённых под общим названием Автономная область кри. Население 41 129 чел. (2008 г., оценка). Растёт в основном за счёт высокого естественного прироста автохтонных народов.

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