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Mascara (Arabic: معسكر) is the capital city of Mascara Province, Algeria, in northwestern Algeria. It has 150,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). It was founded in the 10th century by the Banu Ifran, a Berber tribe and was the capital city of Emir Abd al-Qadir, a leader of the Algerian resistance to early French colonial rule.

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Mascara معسكر
City
Mascara City
Flag
Mascara Location in Algeria
Coordinates: 35.4°N 0.133333°E / 35.4; 0.133333
Country	Algeria
Province	Mascara Province
District	Mascara District
Founded	1701
Highest elevation	429 m (1,407 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2008 census)
• Total	108,629
Time zone	UTC+1 (+1)
Postal code	29000

Mascara is an administrative, commercial and a market centre. Its trade is mostly centered on leather goods, grains, and olive oil, but it is especially famous for its good wine. It has good road and rail connections with other urban centres of Algeria. Relizane is 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast, Sidi Bel Abbes 90 km (56 mi) southwest, Oran 105 kkm northwest and Saïda 80 km (50 mi) south.

Mascara has two parts, a newer French area, and an older Muslim one. Large parts of the town lie inside the ruins of its ancient ramparts. The city is home of Lakhdar Belloumi, the former Algerian football (soccer) star.

Etymology

The word mascara is the francisation of the Arabic word معسكر (mouaskar), meaning 'camp'. Due to French colonization at that time, the city's name has adopted the French version as an official name. The cosmetic mascara is unrelated etymologically, being derived from Italian: maschera, masked ^{[citation needed]}.

Ottoman period

• 1701: Ottomans built a military garrison in the town. Many Muslims with Andalucian origins were settled there by the Ottomans.
• 1708: The Muslim tribes of Mascara led by the bey Mustapha Ben Youcef captured the city of Oran and expelled the Spaniards while they were busy in the War of the Spanish Succession.
• 1732: Spain regains control of Oran.
• 1790: Famine and sickness had begun to aggravate the situation in Oran when the bey of Mascara appeared before the town with 30,000 men. The Spanish commander held out till August 1791, when the Spanish government, having made terms with the bey of Algiers, was allowed to set sail for Spain with their guns and ammunition. The bey Mohammed took possession of Oran in March 1792, and made it his residence instead of Mascara.[1]

French invasion and early French rule

• 1832: Abd al-Qadir makes Mascara his headquarters.
• 1835: Mascara is destroyed by the French.
• 1841: The French establish full control over Mascara.

Algeria (sovereign state)

• August 18, 1994: An earthquake measuring 5.7 on the moment magnitude scale and having a maximum MSK intensity of VIII (Damaging) leaves 171 people dead in Mascara.[2]

Twin towns/sister cities

Mascara is twinned with:

• Bursa, Turkey[3]
• Elkader, Iowa, United States
• Tifariti, Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic

References

На других языках

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[de] Muaskar

Muaskar (arabisch معسكر, DMG Muʿaskar, tamazight ⵎⵄⴻⵙⴽⴻⵔ Mɛesker; früherer Name Mascara) ist eine Stadt in Algerien in der gleichnamigen Provinz am Hobra-Fluss gelegen. Die Stadt hat 108.587 Einwohner (Zensus 2008).[1]

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- [en] Mascara, Algeria

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[ru] Маскара

Ма́скара[1][2][3] (араб. معسكر‎, фр. Mascara) — город на северо-западе Алжира, административный центр одноимённого вилайета. Расположен на реке Хобра.

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