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Vailoatai is a village in southwestern Tutuila, the main island of American Samoa. It is located on the eastern end of Leone Bay. The village is known for its beautiful malae (ceremonial village-green) located along the island's rugged southern coast, lined by the fale tali mālō (guest houses) of its village chiefs.

Vailoatai
Village
Topo Map of Vailoatai
Etymology: Samoan: "le vai na le iloa"[1]
Nickname:  Tuālā
Motto:  Sā Le Fo’i
Vailoatai
Coordinates: 14°21′05″S 170°46′55″W
Country	United States
Territory	American Samoa
Island	Tutuila Island
Named for	Samoan Mythology
Area
• Land	.41 sq mi (1.1 km2)
Population  (2010)
• Total	1,447
Time zone	UTC−11 (Samoa Time Zone)
ZIP Code	96799
Area code	+1 684

The original name of the village was Tuāulu.[2] In 1926, Tuāulu and another village within the district, named Vailoa, combined to form the Vailoa-tai village.[3] Although the whole of the village is named Vailoatai, residents further divide it into Vailoa-uta and Falīlī areas. [ tai - on the side towards the sea, seaside; uta - on the side towards the land, inland ]

Vailoatai along with Taputimu, Fūtiga and Itū'au (Malaeloa) form the itūmālō (county/district) of Tuālātai. The village serves as the county's principality as the titular head of the district (fa'asuaga) is located here.

Etymology

The Vailoa name is short for "le vai na le iloa" (the unknown/unseen water) in reference to the legend of a time long ago when King Tuimanu'a and his traveling party stopped in the area and the difficulty they encountered in their search for water.[4]

Pre-1900 History

Vailoatai is a historical marker of the Ātua (a political district of 'Upolu) migration to Tutuila with many Vailoa family names originating from the Ātua sub-district of Faleālili.[5] The village honors this legacy to this day, recognizing Faleālili in its fa’alupega (charter).[6]

The migration of Ātua families to Tutuila occurred after the defeat of Mālietoa by Tui Ātua[7][8][9] in the 16th century.[10] The political effect of this migration was the addition of six more counties to the original four counties of Tutuila[11] to make the overall organization of the island in keeping with the 'Upolu pattern.[12]

The village and the district became a proponent of this government (mālō) as can be seen in the old Sāmoan parable, the War between Tuveve and Sātele.[13]

Fofō ma Aitūlagi (an honorific that is still used to refer to the entire western district)[14] became le Falelima i Sisifo (the five houses of the west), which includes Ālātaua, Fofō, Leāsina (Aitūlagi), Tuālā-tai and Tuālā-uta (Ma’upū) counties.[15]

Sua ma Vāifanua (an honorific that is still used to refer to the entire eastern district)[16] became le Falelima i Sasa’e (the five houses of the east), which includes Itū'au Mālosi (ma Nofoa), Ma’opūtasi (Launiusaelua), Sā’ole, Sua and Vāifanua counties.[17]

The HTC Tuā'olo, of the Ma'opūtasi district, is the protector of the salutation, Faleagafulu (the ten houses of Tutuila); this was a gift Queen Salamāsina gave to the Tui Manu’a during her installation as Sāmoa's first Tafa'ifā (holder of the four pāpā titles). The Manu'a king would then bestow the title upon the HTC to thank PC Mauga for his hospitality during a visit to Tutuila on his return trip home.[18]

The raising of the U.S. flag over Tutuila saw the end of Ātua's influence over the island, much to the relief of local chiefs who were tired of the endless wars in 'Upolu.[19] They did not want to remain under the control of 'Upolu paramount chiefs, Germany or Great Britain.[20] PC's Sātele and Fuimaono of Vailoa were two of the signatories to the Tutuila Deed of Cession in 1900.[21]

Fa'alupega: The Charter of Vailoatai[22][23]

Afio mai lau afioga Sātele o le alo o Salamāsina

Afio mai alo o Fānene

Susū mai le sa'o o Tuiāsina ma le 'āiga sā Tuiāsina

Alala mai lau tōfā Maiavatele, ma le fofoga ole Availopā

Mamalu mai le 'āiga Faletolu ma Faleālili

20th Century

In 1907, the village celebrated the opening of its first Christian chapel with the London Missionary Society (LMS). LMS missionaries note that an elaborate feast marked the special occasion with attendance by dignitaries and family members from around the island.[24]

In 1915, the Manu'a islands suffered severe damage from a hurricane, and the village hosted (among other villages in Tutuila) many residents from Manu'a while relief efforts took place there.[25][26]

In 1934, the Marist Le'alā School for boys opened up in the area between Vailoatai and Taputimu. The school, however, is no longer in existence.[27]

During World War II, U.S. Marines built an airstrip that spanned Leone, Vailoatai and Taputimu. It was started early in 1943 - probably in January. It was completed on 30 September 1943.

Unfortunately, the airstrip could not be used due to prevailing winds, which made take-offs difficult.[28] Only two planes were able to make use of the airstrip before it was abandoned.[29] Government facilities and residential units have since been built over the old airstrip.

In September 1965, Leone High School was opened in the Vailoa-uta area of the village. The school was designed for students from the Western District and transfer students from Manu'a.

In May 1968, the government radio station WVUV-AM moved from Utulei and began operations at its new quarters in Vailoatai, next to Leone High School.[30][31]

In the early 70's, Governor Haydon pushed to privatize the station despite opposition from the Fono. By 1975, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the application by Radio Samoa, Ltd. to take over WVUV-AM from the government.[32]

By the late 90's, the old station had gone off air and is now defunct. South Seas Broadcasting, Inc. bought what was left of the station, and in 2008, opened WVUV-FM at the Aitūlagi Building office complex in Tafuna.[33]

Flag Day

Vailoatai has been a proud participant in the territory's annual celebration and commemoration of the April 17, 1900 raising of the American flag, performing the siva ma pese (song and dance) portion of the Flag Day event in 1988, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2012 and 2014.[34][35]

The village regularly participates in the Flag Day's cricket (men's and women's) games and fautasi (traditional Sāmoan long boat) races.

However, the last year the village fautasi, the Fa'asaulala, participated in the annual race was 2014.

The village also performed its siva ma pese program for the Independent State of Sāmoa's celebration of their independence day in 2010 and 2012.

Founding Legend

In the book, Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u ma Fisaga o Tala Ave, the village of Vailoa defeated the cannibal king Tuife’ai with the assistance of two brothers from Ātua,[36] High Chiefs Lutu and Solosolo.[37] The two brothers then sailed further east and established themselves as Sa'ousoali'i of Launiusaelua.[38]

Tuāulu was specifically set aside to prepare human sacrifices for Tuife'ai during his reign.[39] A forceful blow was applied to the back of the head, or tuāulu, using a traditional heavy war club like the talavalu.[40]

In 1926, Tuāulu and Vailoa combined to form the Vailoatai village.

Tuife'ai is a title that has many tala (legends) from Manu'a, Tutuila and 'Upolu. Sunia notes that the title goes back as far as 500 A.D.,[41] and that the Tuife'ai of that time is responsible for the first failed invasion of the Manu'a kingdom. The title established familial ties with the Mālietoa in the 13th or 14th century.[42]

Historical Sites

Asotau is the name of the village malae. It is a historical marker of the Tafa'ifā I’amafana's failed invasion of Manu’a in the 18th century. The counties of Sua and Vāifanua rallied under PC Le’iato[43][44][45] to expel I’amafana's forces from Tuālātai, where the king sought refuge under the protection of his relative, PC Sātele, during his retreat from Manu’a.[46]

After a battle ensued,[47][48][49] the conflict was resolved peacefully via a traditional style intercession known as a seumālō.[50][51] King I’amafana and his forces returned to 'Upolu, and the village took the words ‘aso tau’ (Day of War) as the name of its malae to commemorate the event.

If you look closely, you'll notice that the layout of the malae was modeled after that of a Sāmoan chiefly guesthouse. Each of the faletalimālō at the perimeter of the malae is like each of the posts of a guest house, just on a larger scale.[52]

Notable people

• Adele Salamāsina Sātele-Galea’i (March 25, 1951 - August 4, 2012). Dr. Sātele-Galea'i was the former Director of the Office of Manpower Resources (today, Dept. of Human Resources) from 1983-1985, and President of the American Samoa Community College from 2000-2007.
• Eni Fa'aua'ā Hunkin Faleomavaega Jr. (August 15, 1943 – February 22, 2017) was an American Samoan politician who served as the territory's lieutenant governor and congressional delegate.
• Fa’auaā Kataferu Elisara, High Talking Chief (HTC).
• Fagaoalii Sātele Sunia (c. 1946 – September 5, 2015) was an American Samoan literacy advocate and educator. She served as the First Lady of American Samoa from January 1997 to March 2003 during the tenure of her husband, former Governor Tauese Sunia, who died in office in 2003.
• Galumalemana William "Bill" Guthrie Sātele, High Chief (HC), was a longtime businessman who also served as the Chief Revenue Officer, Budget Officer, Director of Parks & Recreation, Historic Preservation Office and Fono liaison for the American Samoa Government (ASG); served three terms as the Faipule for the Tuālā-tai district.[53]
• Lopā Seti, High Talking Chief (HTC), Member, HR, Tuālā-tai 1995-2000. US Army Retired.[54] Both he and Representative Avegalio Aigamaua met with Samoa's Deputy Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele and the leader of the opposition, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese, to obtain support for changing that country's name back to Western Samoa in 1997.[55]
• Lopā Dr. Tiamu, High Talking Chief (HTC), Member, HR, Tuālā-tai, 1967-68. Dr. Lopā received his training in dentistry at the Central Medical School in Fiji, returning in 1957.[56]
• Maiavatele Pouono Hunkin, High Talking Chief (HTC), Senator, Tuālā-tai County, 1978-80. Maiava was the composer of some of the most popular Samoan songs such as OkaOka La’u Honey, Manu o le Vaveao and Le Itumalo Talofa. He taught public schools in both American and Western Samoa.[57]
• Tuiā Laumoli, (1948-2001), High Chief (HC), Member, HR, Tuālā-tai, 1987-94.[58]
• Tuiāsina Le'aeno Reed (1924-1988), High Chief (HC), Member, HR, Tuālā-tai, 1965-66. One of the Tuālā-tai delegates to the Am. Samoa 1960 Constitution Convention that addressed many important issues to include U.S. citizenship for the people of the territory.[59] Later President of the Senate 1971-72, as Senator for Itu'au County under the Le'aeno matai title. Led the effort to create a retirement program for ASG employees.[60]

Notable Landmarks

• Faleāpoi Point

• Leone High School is a senior high school in Vailoatai and Leone, Western District, American Samoa.

• Le'alā Shoreline National Natural Landmark is 35 acres (14 ha) and was designated in 1972.[61]
• Le'alā Sliding Rock is a natural rock formation between Vailoatai and Taputimu, which is a scenic landmark as well as a natural playground or slide. It is located in Tuālātai in the Western District of Tutuila.
• Papafa'ase'e Cove
• Pupuāloa Point
• Vailoatai Crater

Demographics

Population growth[62]
2010	1447
2000	989
1990	805
1980	677

References

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