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Fairfield is a township in far northwestern Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 7,466,[10][11][12] reflecting an increase of 403 (+5.7%) from the 7,063 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 552 (−7.2%) from the 7,615 counted in the 1990 Census.[21] Fairfield is the least densely populated town in Essex County.[14]

For other places with similar names, see Fairfield, New Jersey.

Fairfield Township, New Jersey
Township
Township of Fairfield
Location in Essex County and the state of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey
Fairfield Township
Location in Essex County
Fairfield Township
Location in New Jersey
Fairfield Township
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.882508°N 74.304593°W / 40.882508; -74.304593[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Essex
IncorporatedFebruary 16, 1798 (as Caldwell Township)
RenamedNovember 6, 1963 (as Fairfield Township)
Government
[3]
 • TypeFaulkner Act Small Municipality
 • BodyTownship Council
 • MayorJames Gasparini (R, term ends December 31, 2024)[4][5]
 • AdministratorJoseph Catenaro[6]
 • Municipal clerkDenise Cafone[7]
Area
[1]
 • Total10.35 sq mi (26.80 km2)
 • Land10.13 sq mi (26.23 km2)
 • Water0.22 sq mi (0.57 km2)  2.14%
 • Rank207th of 565 in state
4th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation
[8]
174 ft (53 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[9][10][11][12]
 • Total7,466
 • Estimate 
(2019)[13]
7,474
 • Rank307th of 566 in state
19th of 22 in county[14]
 • Density725.1/sq mi (280.0/km2)
  • Rank411th of 566 in state
22nd of 22 in county[14]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07004[15][16]
Area code(s)973[17]
FIPS code3401322385[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID1729722[1][20]
Websitewww.fairfieldnj.org

The first Europeans to settle in the area were Dutch and the place was called Gansegat. Later it was part of Horse Neck and officially part of Newark Township. What is now Fairfield was formed on February 16, 1798, as Caldwell Township from portions of Acquackanonk Township and Newark Township. The area was named for Rev. James Caldwell. It was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to create Livingston (February 8, 1813), Fairmount Township (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), Caldwell borough (February 10, 1892), Verona Township (February 17, 1892, now known and including what is now Cedar Grove), North Caldwell (March 31, 1898), Essex Fells (March 31, 1902) and West Caldwell (February 24, 1904). On November 6, 1963, Caldwell Township was renamed as Fairfield Township, based on the results of a referendum passed the previous day. Fairfield was reincorporated as borough on June 8, 1964.[22] In 1978, the borough passed a referendum reincorporating itself as a township, becoming the second of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.[23][24][25]


History


The Dutch, including many acculturated French Huguenots, initially settled this area of the Passaic River Valley after purchasing it from the Native Americans. They named it "Gansegat" which is Dutch for "duck's pond".[26]

The Horseneck Tract was an 18,000 acre area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Fairfield, Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Verona, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Roseland, and portions of Livingston and West Orange. Later in 1702, English settlers purchased 14,000 acres (57 km2) of the Horseneck Tract without approval of the Proprietary Authorities from the Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. When Proprietary Authorities began eviction proceedings against the settlers, the Horseneck Riots took place. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the First Mountain to a point on the Passaic River at Pine Brook NJ. The reason for the Horseneck name has never been determined, but historians agree that it is not because of its shape.

The Van Ness House, constructed about 1720, is a historic home added in 1977 to the National Register of Historic Places.[27] The Fairfield Dutch Reformed Church dates back to 1720, and its current structure is another historic site, built in 1804.[28]


Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 10.35 square miles (26.80 km2), including 10.13 square miles (26.23 km2) of land and 0.22 square miles (0.57 km2) of water (2.14%).[1][2] Fairfield has the lowest population density of any municipality in Essex County.[14] Fairfield Township is located in the northwest corner of Essex County. The township is bisected by Interstate 80 and Route 46.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Clinton and Clinton Park.[29]

Great Piece Meadows is a swamp covering 1,170 acres (470 ha).[30]

The township borders North Caldwell and West Caldwell in Essex County; East Hanover Township, Lincoln Park and Montville in Morris County; and Little Falls and Wayne in Passaic County.[31][32][33]


Demographics


Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18102,235—
18202,020*−9.6%
18302,004−0.8%
18402,1849.0%
18502,3778.8%
18602,68813.1%
18702,727*1.5%
18803,16716.1%
18903,63814.9%
19001,619*−55.5%
1910704*−56.5%
19207171.8%
193098937.9%
19401,39240.7%
19501,90636.9%
19603,31073.7%
19706,884108.0%
19807,98716.0%
19907,615−4.7%
20007,063−7.2%
20107,4665.7%
20207,8725.4%
Population sources:
1800–1920[34] 1840[35] 1850–1870[36]
1850[37] 1870[38] 1880–1890[39]
1890–1910[40] 1910–1930[41]
1930–1990[42] 2000[43][44] 2010[10][11][12] 2020[45]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[22]

Census 2010


The 2010 United States census counted 7,466 people, 2,645 households, and 2,103 families in the township. The population density was 725.1 per square mile (280.0/km2). There were 2,723 housing units at an average density of 264.5 per square mile (102.1/km2). The racial makeup was 94.84% (7,081) White, 0.68% (51) Black or African American, 0.28% (21) Native American, 2.53% (189) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.74% (55) from other races, and 0.92% (69) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.14% (384) of the population.[10]

Of the 2,645 households, 31.6% had children under the age of 18; 67.0% were married couples living together; 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 20.5% were non-families. Of all households, 18.0% were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.22.[10]

22.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.8 males.[10]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $97,361 (with a margin of error of +/− $11,797) and the median family income was $117,004 (+/− $7,881). Males had a median income of $69,081 (+/− $15,627) versus $51,198 (+/− $6,668) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $41,615 (+/− $5,217). About 0.5% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.[46]


Census 2000


As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 7,063 people, 2,296 households, and 1,981 families residing in the township. The population density was 675.8 people per square mile (261.0/km2). There were 2,326 housing units at an average density of 222.5 per square mile (85.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 95.63% White, 0.52% African American, 0.10% Native American, 2.82% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.45% of the population.[43][44]

There were 2,296 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.7% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.7% were non-families. 10.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.29.[43][44]

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.[43][44]

The median income for a household in the township was $83,120, and the median income for a family was $90,998. Males had a median income of $56,106 versus $39,032 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,099. About 2.3% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.[43][44]


Economy


Corporate residents of Fairfield Township include:


Government


Fairfield Township operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Small Municipality plan C form of New Jersey government, as implemented as of January 1, 1962, based on direct petition.[50] The township is one of 18 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government, which is available to municipalities with less than 12,000 residents at the time of adoption.[51] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council. Members are elected at-large in partisan elections in a three-year cycle, with two council seats up for vote in each of the first two years of the cycle and the mayoral seat up in the third year. The Mayor exercises executive power of the municipality, appoints department heads with Council approval, prepares the annual budget and has veto over ordinances subject to override by 2/3 of all members of Council. The Council exercises legislative power of municipality and approves appointment of department heads.[3][4]

As of 2022, members of the Fairfield Township Council are Mayor James Gasparini (R, term ends December 31, 2024), Council President Michael McGlynn (R, 2022), Joseph Cifelli (R, 2022), William Galese (R, 2023) and John LaForgia (R, 2023).[4][52][53][54][55][56]


Federal, state and county representation


Fairfield is located in the 11th Congressional District[57] and is part of New Jersey's 26th state legislative district.[11][58][59] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Fairfield had been in the 27th state legislative district.[60]

For the 117th United States Congress, New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).[61] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[62] and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).[63][64]

For the 2022–2023 session, the 26th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joseph Pennacchio (R, Rockaway Township) and in the General Assembly by Christian Barranco (R, Jefferson Township) and Jay Webber (R, Morris Plains).[65]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners. As of 2022, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2022.[66] The county's Board of County Commissioners is comprised of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November.[67] Essex County's Commissioners are Commissioner President Wayne L. Richardson (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark),[68] Commissioner Vice President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield),[69] Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: Part of West Ward; East Orange, Orange and South Orange; East Orange),[70] Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair),[71] Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington),[72] Rufus I. Johnson (D, at large; Newark),[73] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[74] Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central, South, and West Wards; Newark),[75] Patricia Sebold (D, at-large; Livingston).[76][77][78][79][80] Constitutional officers elected countywide are: County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell; D, 2025),[81][82] Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (Newark; D, 2025),[83][84] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (Fairfield; D, 2024),[85][86] and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, 2023).[87][88]


Politics


As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,378 registered voters in Fairfield, of which 1,004 (18.7%) were registered as Democrats, 2,072 (38.5%) were registered as Republicans and 2,299 (42.7%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[89]

In the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 72.5% of the vote (2,858 cast), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 25.6% (1,009 cast), and other candidates with 1.8% (70 votes), among the 4,003 ballots cast by the township's 5,798 registered voters, for a turnout of 69%.[90][91] In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 69.4% of the vote (2,494 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 29.7% (1,069 votes), and other candidates with 0.9% (32 votes), among the 3,625 ballots cast by the township's 5,459 registered voters (30 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 66.4%.[92][93] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 70.1% of the vote (2,797 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 28.5% (1,137 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (21 votes), among the 3,991 ballots cast by the township's 5,380 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.2%.[94] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 69.6% of the vote (2,742 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 29.2% (1,151 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (39 votes), among the 3,939 ballots cast by the township's 5,131 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 76.8.[95]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 73.9% of the vote (1,600 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 25.3% (548 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (17 votes), among the 2,193 ballots cast by the township's 5,445 registered voters (28 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 40.3%.[96][97] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.9% of the vote (1,819 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 25.0% (661 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.0% (133 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (12 votes), among the 2,641 ballots cast by the township's 5,397 registered voters, yielding a 48.9% turnout.[98]


Education


The Fairfield School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade.[99] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 669 students and 63.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.5:1.[100] Schools in the district (with 2018–2019 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[101]) are Adlai E. Stevenson Elementary School[102] with 402 students in Pre-Kindergarten through third grade and Winston S. Churchill School[103] with 268 students in fourth through sixth grade.[104][105]

Students in public school for seventh through twelfth grades attend the West Essex Regional School District, a regional school district in western Essex County serving students from Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland.[106][107][108] Schools in the district (with 2018–2019 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[109]) are West Essex Middle School[110] with 564 students in grades 7–8 and West Essex High School[111] with 1,123 students in grades 9–12.[112] Seats on the nine-member board of education of the high school district are allocated based on population, with three seats assigned to Fairfield.[113]

StenoTech Career Institute is a technical school in Fairfield, established in 1988, that offers court reporting and medical transcription training.[114]


Transportation



Roads and highways


View west along I-80 in Fairfield
View west along I-80 in Fairfield

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 62.10 miles (99.94 km) of roadways, of which 40.18 miles (64.66 km) were maintained by the municipality, 13.14 miles (21.15 km) by Essex County and 8.78 miles (14.13 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[115]

U.S. Route 46,[116] Route 159[117] and Interstate 80[118] all pass through the Township.


Public transportation


NJ Transit provides bus service to Newark on the 29 and 71 routes.[119][120]

Lakeland Bus Lines offeres service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on its Route 46 route.[121]

Essex County Airport, managed by the Essex County Improvement Authority, is located in Fairfield.[122]


Notable people


See also: Category:People from Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Fairfield include:


References


  1. 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.
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  7. Municipal Clerk / Registrar, Fairfield Township. Accessed May 12, 2022.
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  11. Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
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  25. Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
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  47. Nycomed US Inc. Acquires Bradley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fougera, February 21, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Nycomed has announced that the PharmaDerm headquarters will be located in Florham Park, New Jersey. The Company will be transitioning key employees from Bradley's Fairfield corporate headquarters building to Florham Park over the next several months."
  48. About Us, Cricket Hill. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Cricket Hill is a microbrewery located in Fairfield, NJ. In 2002, we brewed our first beers East Coast Lager and American Ale."
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  122. Home page, Essex County Airport. Accessed November 5, 2012. "The Essex County Airport also known as 'Caldwell Airport' is conveniently located in Fairfield, NJ. Just Thirty Minutes from Manhattan via the Lincoln Tunnel or George Washington Bridge."
  123. Mead, Rebecca. "Our Man in Pyongyang Bobby Egan’s barbecue diplomacy.", The New Yorker, October 1, 2007. Accessed July 20, 2019. "Egan was raised in Fairfield, New Jersey, which is a twenty-minute drive west of Hackensack."
  124. David Greczek, Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's soccer. Accessed April 24, 2017.
  125. Pizarro, Max. "Sources: If The Race for AG was Down to Three, Grewal has the Edge to be State’s Top Cop", Insider NJ, December 11, 2017. Accessed December 20, 2017. "Having grown up in Fairfield, Grewal is a lifelong friend of Hoboken Mayor-elect Ravi Bhalla, and a graduate of West Essex High School, where U.S. Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-5) also attended school."
  126. John LoCascio Archived August 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Villanova Wildcats men's lacrosse. Accessed May 27, 2016. "Hometown: Fairfield, N.J.; High School: West Essex Regional.... Born November 25th, 1991 in Paterson, N.J.
  127. Post, James F. (1818-1899), North Carolina Architects & Builders. Accessed January 31, 2022. "Born in Fairfield, near Caldwell, New Jersey, Post moved south to Petersburg, Virginia where he married Mary Ann Russell on October 8, 1843, and where the couple had two children, Erastus (who died young) and Thomas."
  128. Annan-Brady, Rita. "Actor's Life Is Goal Of Jake Siciliano, 10, Of Fairfield", The Progress News, August 14, 2009. Accessed September 7, 2015. "He may be small in stature, but 10-year old Jake Siciliano of Fairfield is getting some pretty big roles in the movies and on television."
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[de] Fairfield Township (New Jersey)

Fairfield ist ein Township im Essex County des Bundesstaats New Jersey in den USA.
- [en] Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey


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