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Arizona's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. For election purposes it is now located in the northeast corner of the state. For representational purposes until January 2023, it is located in the southeastern corner of the state, and includes roughly two-thirds of Tucson. It is the only one of the state's nine congressional districts that does not include any part of Maricopa County.

Arizona's 2nd congressional district
Arizona's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2013
Representative	Ann Kirkpatrick D–Tucson
Area	20,219 sq mi (52,370 km2)
Distribution	89% urban 11% rural
Population (2021)	754,647[1]
Median household income	$60,920[1]
Ethnicity	62.0% White 27.2% Hispanic 4.1% Black 2.9% Asian 2.6% Two or more races 1.2% other
Cook PVI	D+2[2]

District history

When Arizona was divided into congressional districts for the first time after the 1950 Census, the 2nd district comprised the entire state outside of the Phoenix area. Arizona gained a third district after the 1960 Census, and the 2nd was cut back to roughly the southern third of the state, stretching border-to-border from New Mexico to California. It ran along the entire length of the border with Mexico. By far the district's largest city was Tucson. The next largest city was Yuma, in the far west. After a mid-decade redistricting in 1967, the district was pushed slightly to the north, picking up a portion of southern Phoenix. This configuration remained largely unchanged until the 1980 Census, when much of eastern Tucson was drawn into the new 5th district.

The 2nd district remained based in southern Arizona until the 2000 Census, when Arizona picked up two districts. At that time, the old 2nd district essentially became the new 7th district, while most of the old 3rd district became the new 2nd district. Located in the northwestern corner of the state, it stretched into the western suburbs of Phoenix, known as the West Valley. It consisted of all of Peoria (within the exception of the portion of that city within Yavapai County) and Surprise, most of Glendale and much of western Phoenix in Maricopa County, all of Mohave County, and the Hopi Nation in Navajo and Coconino counties.

The size and diversity of the 2nd district (it included nearly all of the northwestern portion of the state) made it appear rural on a map. However, over 90 percent of its population lived in the strongly conservative West Valley, historically a fairly safe Republican area.

The odd shape of the district was indicative of the use of gerrymandering in its construction. The unusual division was not, however, drawn to favor politicians, but was due to historic tensions between the Hopi and the Navajo Native American tribes. Since tribal boundary disputes are a federal matter, it was long believed inappropriate to include both tribes' reservations in the same congressional district.[3] However, the Hopi reservation is completely surrounded by the Navajo reservation. In order to comply with current Arizona redistricting laws, some means of connection was required that avoided including large portions of Navajo land, hence the narrow riverine connection.

George W. Bush carried the district in 2004 with 61% of the vote. John McCain won the district in 2008 with 60.75% of the vote while Barack Obama received 38.07%.

During the Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008 Arizona Democratic primary, the district was won by Hillary Clinton with 54.52% of the vote while Barack Obama received 35.62% and John Edwards took in 7.43%. In the Arizona Republican primary, the 2nd district was won by favorite son John McCain with 49.51% while Mitt Romney received 29.51% and Mike Huckabee took in 10.46% of the vote in the district.

After the 2012 census, the bulk of the Maricopa County portion of the old 2nd became the 8th district, while the new 2nd district took in most of the territory of the old 8th district. That district, in turn, had been the 5th district from 1983 to 2003.

In the 2014 midterms, the district was the last House of Representatives race to be decided, as the official recount began on December 1 due to Republican Martha McSally leading incumbent Democratic congressman Ron Barber by fewer than 200 votes. Ultimately, Barber lost to McSally by 167 votes.

In the 2018 midterms, McSally retired to run for the U.S. Senate, and Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick was easily elected to replace her. Following her defeat in the 2018 Senate race, McSally was appointed to the Class III U.S. Senate seat made vacant by the death of Senator John McCain.

History and demographics

Athabaskan-speaking Native Americans lived in this region long before the arrival of the Europeans who established the Arizona Territory. In the late 19th century, Apache chief Cochise and a band of Chiricahuas built their stronghold on the Dragoon range of mountains. The tribe would often ambush and rob passersby as an attempt to keep interlopers off their land. The presence of the tribe deterred the settlement of the area for far longer than the rest of the Arizona Territory. The district, containing a county now called by his name, developed when its varied and valuable resources were found in the 1870s. The discovery of silver mines in 1878 in the Tombstone district spurred much growth and investment in the area.

Geography

The district is covered by mountains and wide valleys. The district is high desert grasslands with elevations from 3500 to 6000 feet. Several mountain ranges run through the district with the highest peak in the Chiricahua Mountains at 9,796 feet. Southeast Arizona is at an ecological crossroads where habitats and species from the Sierra Madre of Mexico, the Rocky Mountains, and the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts can all be found. The abrupt rise of mountains from the surrounding grasslands creates unique habitats harboring rare species and communities of plants and animals. The area has a semi-arid climate with moderate winters and hot summers. Precipitation rarely exceeds one inch in any month other than July, August, and September, when high intensity, but short-lived monsoon storms can occur.

Main industries

Primary job fields of the people in the district include agriculture, ranching, livestock, mining, and tourism. The main irrigated crops are cotton, wheat, corn, grain, sorghum, alfalfa, hay, apples, peaches, cherries, grapes, pistachios, pecans, lettuce, chilis, and other vegetables. The area has a multitude of U-pick vegetable farms and orchards, including several organic farms. Greenhouse tomato and cucumber operations have been completed in the past few years with much success. In Cochise County there is the U.S. Army base Fort Huachuca and numerous military-industrial companies. In suburban and urban areas, Wal-Marts are the most abundant superstores.

Schools

Located within the district is Cochise College, a two-year college. The University of Arizona is located within a couple miles of the district border, located in central Tucson. Approximately 2.8% of adults 25 and older have completed education lower than 9th grade; 5.5% have completed education between 9th and 12th grade but have not received a diploma; 17.9% are high school graduates; 26.8% have some college but no degree; 7.5% have an associate degree; 26.1% have a bachelor's degree; and 13.5% have a graduate or professional degree.

Tourism and recreation

Tourism is an important industry as the district has numerous natural wonders, national forests, parks, and conservation areas. There are multiple caverns (including the renowned Kartchner Caverns) and canyons available for visitation. Hiking, camping, fishing, and boating can be found throughout the region. There are also Apache historical sites, war memorials, museums, tour trains, and mine tours. Golfing is popular, and multiple golf courses are located through the district.

Voting

Election results from presidential races
Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Gore 56 - 41%
2004	President	Bush 61 - 38%
2008	President	McCain 61 - 38%
2012	President	Romney 50 - 48%
2016	President	Clinton 50 - 45%
2020	President	Biden 55 - 44%

List of members representing the district

Starting with the 1948 elections, Arizona began using separate districts to elect its members to the House of Representatives rather than using a general ticket due to having gained a second seat in the House with the data from 1940 Census.

Representative	Party	Term	Cong ress(es)	Electoral history	Geography and counties[4][5][6]
District created January 3, 1949
Harold Patten	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1955	81st 82nd 83rd	First elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Retired.	1949–1963: All except Maricopa
Stewart Udall	Democratic	January 3, 1955 – January 21, 1961	84th 85th 86th 87th	First elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Vacant		January 21, 1961 – May 2, 1961	87th
Mo Udall	Democratic	May 2, 1961 – May 4, 1991	87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	Elected to finish his brother's term. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Resigned due to health reasons.
					1963–1973: South Arizona, including Tucson: Cochise, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, Yuma
					1973–1983: Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz, Maricopa (part), Pinal (part)
					1983–1993: Southwest Arizona, including parts of Metro Phoenix and of Tucson: Maricopa (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part), Santa Cruz (part), Yuma (part)
Vacant		May 4, 1991 – October 3, 1991	102nd
Ed Pastor	Democratic	October 3, 1991 – January 3, 2003	102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th	Elected to finish Udall's term. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Redistricted to the 4th district.
					1993–2003: Southwest Arizona, including parts of Metro Phoenix and of Tucson: Yuma, Maricopa (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part)
Trent Franks	Republican	January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2013	108th 109th 110th 111th 112th	First elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Renumbered to the 8th district.	2003–2013: Parts of Metro Phoenix, extending to NW Arizona, plus the Hopi Reservation: Mohave, Coconino (part), La Paz (part), Maricopa (part), Navajo (part)
Ron Barber	Democratic	January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015	113th	Renumbered from the 8th district and re-elected in 2012. Lost re-election.	2013–present: Southeastern Arizona: Cochise, Pima (part)
Martha McSally	Republican	January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2019	114th 115th	Elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Ann Kirkpatrick	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – present	116th 117th	Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Redistricted to the 6th district and retired.
Eli Crane	Republican	January 3, 2023 –		Elected in 2022.

Recent election results

2002

2002 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Trent Franks	100,359	59.92%
	Democratic	Randy Camacho	61,217	36.55%
	Libertarian	Edward Carlson	5,919	3.53%
Majority			39,142	23.37%
Total votes			167,502	100.00
	Republican hold

2004

2004 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Trent Franks* (incumbent)	165,260	59.17%
	Democratic	Randy Camacho	107,406	38.46%
	Libertarian	Powell Gammill	6,625	2.37%
Majority			57,854	20.71%
Total votes			279,303	100.00
	Republican hold

2006

2006 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Trent Franks* (incumbent)	135,150	58.62%
	Democratic	John Thrasher	89,671	38.89%
	Libertarian	Powell Gammill	5,734	2.49%
Majority			45,479	19.73%
Total votes			230,560	100.00
	Republican hold

2008

2008 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Trent Franks* (incumbent)	200,914	59.44%
	Democratic	John Thrasher	125,611	37.16%
	Libertarian	Powell Gammill	7,882	2.33%
	Green	William Crum	3,616	1.07%
Majority			75,303	22.28%
Total votes			338,023	100.00
	Republican hold

2010

2010 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Trent Franks* (incumbent)	173,173	64.89%
	Democratic	John Thrasher	82,891	31.06%
	Libertarian	Powell Gammill	10,820	4.05%
Majority			90,282	33.83%
Total votes			266,884	100.00
	Republican hold

2012

2012 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Ron Barber*	147,338	50.41%
	Republican	Martha McSally	144,884	49.57%
	Write-In	Write-ins	57	0.02%
Majority			2,454	0.84%
Total votes			292,279	100.00
	Democratic gain from Republican

2014

2014 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Martha McSally	109,704	49.81%
	Democratic	Ron Barber* (incumbent)	109,583	49.75%
	Write-In	Write-ins	1,007	0.46%
Majority			121	0.06%
Total votes			220,254	100.00%
	Republican gain from Democratic

2016

2016 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District House Election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Martha McSally* (incumbent)	179,806	56.96%
	Democratic	Matt Heinz	135,873	43.04%
Majority			43,933	13.92%
Total votes			315,679	100%
	Republican hold

2018

2018 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Ann Kirkpatrick	161,000	54.73%	+11.69%
	Republican	Lea Márquez Peterson	133,083	45.24%	-11.72%
Margin of victory			27,917	9.49%	+23.41%
Total votes			294,083	100.0%	N/A
	Democratic gain from Republican

2020

2020 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ann Kirkpatrick* (incumbent)	209,945	55.1%
	Republican	Brandon Martin	170,975	44.9
	Write-In	Write-ins	134	0.0
Total votes			381,054	100.0
	Democratic hold

2022

2022 Arizona's 2nd Congressional District[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Eli Crane
	Democratic	Tom O'Halleran* (incumbent from former 1st district)
	Write-In	Write-ins
Margin of victory
Total votes					N/A
	Republican gain from Democratic

Notes

Arizona will hold their Primary Elections on August 2, 2022.[9] Due to redistricting, the Congressional District numbers in Arizona have changed for the 2022 Election Cycle. Through this process, the district numbers have changed the following ways:[10]

·       Arizona's 1st Congressional District will become Arizona's 2nd Congressional District

·       Arizona's 2nd Congressional District will become Arizona's 6th Congressional District

·       Arizona's 3rd Congressional District will become Arizona's 7th Congressional District

·       Arizona's 4th Congressional District will become Arizona's 9th Congressional District

·       Arizona's 5th Congressional District will remain Arizona's 5th Congressional District

·       Arizona's 6th Congressional District will become Arizona's 1st Congressional District

·       Arizona's 7th Congressional District will become Arizona's 3rd Congressional District

·       Arizona's 8th Congressional District will remain Arizona's 8th Congressional District

·       Arizona's 9th Congressional District will become Arizona's 4th Congressional District

There are currently seventeen declared candidates for Arizona's new 2nd Congressional District for the 2022 Election Cycle.[10]

2022 Arizona's New 2nd Congressional District Primary Elections[11]
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Tom O’Halleran *	71,391	100%
Democratic	Barry Keaveney	withdrew
Democratic	Clayton Monette	withdrew
Democratic	Dorian Nosie-Romo	withdrew
Republican	Jeremy Abdo	withdrew
Republican	Steven Beaver	withdrew
Republican	Walt Blackman	26,399	24.4%
Republican	Eli Crane	38,681	35.8%
Republican	Mark DeLuzio	18,515	17.13%
Republican	Mark Fisher	withdrew
Republican	Kat Gallant	withdrew
Republican	John Moore	7,327	6.78%
Republican	Austin Quinton	withdrew
Republican	Ryan Reyna	withdrew
Republican	Steven Krystofiak	5,905	5.46%
Republican	Austin Unruh	withdrew
Republican	Ron Watkins	3,810	3.52%
Republican	Andy Yates	7,467	6.91%

The incumbent office holder is denoted by an *. Any rumored candidates are denoted by an +.

See also

• Arizona's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References

External links

• Maps of Congressional Districts first in effect for the 2002 election
• Tentative Final Congressional Maps for the 2012 election
• Demographic data from census.gov
• 2004 Election data from CNN.com
• 2002 Election data from CBSNews.com
• 2000 Election data from CNN.com
• 1998 Election data from CNN.com
• full listing of candidates, via Arizona Secretary of State's office
• Rose Institute of State and Local Government, "Arizona: 2010 Redistricting Changes: Second District", Redistricting by State, Claremont, CA: Claremont McKenna College, archived from the original on September 15, 2020

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