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Melrose (Scottish Gaelic: Maolros, "bald moor")[2] is a small town and civil parish in the Scottish Borders, historically in Roxburghshire.[3] It lies within the Eildon committee area of Scottish Borders Council.

Melrose Scottish Gaelic: Maolros Scots: Melrose
Melrose Location within the Scottish Borders
Population	2,500 (mid-2020 est.)[1]
OS grid reference	NT5434
Council area	Scottish Borders
Lieutenancy area	Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	MELROSE
Postcode district	TD6
Dialling code	01896
Police	Scotland
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
UK Parliament	Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk
Scottish Parliament	Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale
List of places UK Scotland 55.598°N 2.731°W / 55.598; -2.731

History

The original Melrose was Mailros^{[citation needed]}, meaning "the bare peninsula" in Old Welsh or Brythonic. This referred to a neck of land by the River Tweed several miles east of the present town, where in the 6th century a monastery was founded associated with St Cuthbert. It was recorded by Bede, and also in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle with the name Magilros. This monastery and settlement, later known as "Old Melrose", were long abandoned by the 12th century.

King David I of Scotland took the throne in 1124, and sought to create a new Cistercian monastery on that site; however the monks preferred a site further west called "Fordel". So the monastery now known as Melrose Abbey was founded there in 1136, and the town of Melrose grew up on its present site around it. In the late Middle Ages, its name was represented by a mell (a mason's hammer) and a rose (for the Virgin Mary, to whom all Cistercian abbeys were dedicated). The Abbey fell into ruin after the Reformation but is still a striking structure. Several Scottish nobles are buried there, and a casket has been found which is believed to contain the heart of King Robert the Bruce. The casket has been re-buried in the Abbey. The Abbey ruins are cared for by Historic Scotland (open all year; entrance charge).

Nearby is the Roman fort of Trimontium, Abbotsford House the home of Sir Walter Scott, and Dryburgh Abbey where he's buried. Melrose is surrounded by the small villages of Darnick, Gattonside, Newstead, Lilliesleaf and Bowden.

The Melrose war memorial was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer in 1920.[4]

Sport

Melrose is the birthplace of Rugby Sevens and also has a rugby union team, Melrose RFC. Every year on the second Saturday in April the famous Melrose Sevens are held at the Greenyards and is the biggest annual sporting event held in the town. Rugby union has always been the most popular sport in Melrose.

Melrose Golf Club is a nine-hole golf course situated on the edge of the town at the foot of the Eildon Hills.

Melrose Cricket Club is situated next to Borders General Hospital at Huntlyburn.

Festivals

Every June, the week-long Melrose Festival takes place. This involves appointing a Melrosian who has lived in the town for most of his life; and a queen and her court are appointed from the local primary school, Melrose Primary School (previously named Melrose Grammar School).

Melrose is now host to the annual Borders Book Festival[5] which also takes place during June. The 2005 festival hosted guests including Michael Palin and Germaine Greer; Ian Rankin and Rory Bremner appeared in 2006.

Other events

Melrose hosts the annual Eildon Two Hills Race, attracting many runners, and the Melrose Pipe Band Championships, attracting pipers from all over the world.

Notable people

• King Arthur, supposedly buried in the Eildon Hills, which overlook the town
• James Blair, recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Craig Chalmers, rugby union footballer, capped 60 times for Scotland
• Richard Curle, author, critic and journalist[6]
• Sir Adam Ferguson, army officer and Deputy Keeper of the Scottish Regalia lived at Huntlyburn House, now a wing of the Hospital.
• Ned Haig, butcher and rugby union footballer who founded rugby sevens and the Melrose Sevens
• Stuart Hogg, rugby union footballer, captain of Scotland
• John Robertson Henderson FRSE FZS FLS, zoologist
• William Kerr, recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Keith Robertson, rugby union footballer
• Mark Robertson, son of Keith Robertson; rugby union sevens, 2016 Olympic silver medalist
• Sarah Robertson, field hockey player[7]
• Sir Walter Scott, his home Abbotsford House lies a few miles west of the town
• Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910), Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician and suffragette; born in Melrose, and left for Australia aged fourteen
• Jim Telfer, rugby union footballer and coach

Gallery

• 
  Melrose Abbey
• 
  Eildon Hills
• 
  Abbotsford
• 
  Market Square
• 
  The Roman Heritage Centre

See also

• Borders General Hospital
• Buglass, Scottish surname from old lands of Booklawes near Melrose
• Harmony Garden, a National Trust for Scotland garden in Melrose
• Priorwood Garden, also NTS
• List of places in the Scottish Borders
• List of places in Scotland

References

External links

• Melrose official website

На других языках

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- [en] Melrose, Scottish Borders

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[ru] Мелроз (Шотландия)

Мелро́з, Мелро́уз (англ. Melrose, скотс. Melrose, гэльск. Am Maol Ros) — небольшой исторический город в Шотландии, в округе Скоттиш-Бордерс[1], на реке Туид у подножия холма Эйлдон.

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