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Tortosa (Catalan: [toɾˈtoza]; Spanish: [toɾˈtosa]) is the capital of the comarca of Baix Ebre, in Catalonia, Spain.

Tortosa
Municipality
Tortosa
Location in Catalonia
Coordinates: 40°48′46″N 0°31′24″E
CountrySpain
CommunityCatalonia
ProvinceTarragona
ComarcaBaix Ebre
Government
  MayorMeritxell Roigé i Pedrola (2018)[1]
Area
  Total2,185 km2 (844 sq mi)
Elevation
12 m (39 ft)
Population
 (2018)[3]
  Total33,510
  Density15/km2 (40/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Tortosí, tortosina
ClimateCsa
Websitetortosa.cat
Ebro river in Tortosa
Ebro river in Tortosa

Tortosa is located at 12 metres (39 feet) above sea level, by the Ebro river, protected on its northern side by the mountains of the Cardó Massif, of which Buinaca, one of the highest peaks, is located within Tortosa's municipal boundary.

Before Tortosa, across the river, rise the massive Ports de Tortosa-Beseit mountains. The area around Mont Caro and other high summits are often covered with snow in the winter.


Population centres


The municipality includes a small exclave to the west.


History


Tortosa (from Latin: Dertusa or Dertosa, via Arabic: طرطوشة Ṭurṭūshah) is probably identical to the ancient Hibera, capital of Ilercavonia. This may be the ancient settlement the remains of which have been found on the hill named Castillo de la Zuda. In Roman times, the town took the name Dertosa (Ancient Greek: Δέρτωσσα).[4]

Tortosa was occupied in about 714, during the Arab conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom.[5] It remained under Muslim rule for more than 400 years. King Louis the Pious laid siege to Tortosa in 808–809, but although the city submitted he did not manage to occupy it.

The city was conquered by the Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1148, as part of the Second Crusade. Because of the crusading appeal made by Pope Eugene III and his representative Nicholas Brakespear (the future Pope Hadrian IV), the siege received the aid of crusaders from multiple nationalities (Genovese, Anglo-Normans, Normans, Occitans, Germans, Flemish and Dutch), who were on their way to the Holy Land. The siege of Tortosa was narrated by the Genovese chronicler and diplomat Caffaro.

After its conquest, the city and its territory were divided among the victors, with multiple lands being granted to foreign crusaders and to the military and religious orders.[6]

Formerly there was a railway line between Tortosa and Alcañiz, opening a communication gate between this region and Aragon.[7] Construction work began in 1891, but it was haphazard and the first trains between Alcañiz and Tortosa began only in 1942. The last stretch between Tortosa and Sant Carles de la Ràpita was never completed before the line was terminated by Renfe in 1973.[8]


Main sights



Museums



Tortosa, city of the Renaissance


Declared Fiesta of National Tourist Interest of Spain (2005).


Nature park (Biosphere reserve)



International relations



Twin towns — sister cities


Tortosa is twinned with:[11]


Demography


Historical population of Tortosa
Year1991199620012004
Population29,45230,08828,93331,979

Climate


Tortosa has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa) in the Köppen climate classification.[12] Tortosa enjoys a very warm climate for its latitude. Even considering it's located at miles inland from the coastline, this mostly happens because the city lies on the delta of the Ebro river, which acts as a natural barrier against cold fronts.[citation needed] Albeit being a Mediterranean climate, winter months have less precipitation than autumn (common pattern in eastern Spain), but there is still a substantial summer drought.

Climate data for Tortosa 50m (1981-2010). Extremes (1920-)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.1
(82.6)
26.3
(79.3)
32.5
(90.5)
33.9
(93.0)
36.0
(96.8)
39.6
(103.3)
43.0
(109.4)
41.1
(106.0)
41.4
(106.5)
34.5
(94.1)
28.2
(82.8)
25.6
(78.1)
43.0
(109.4)
Average high °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3)
16.4
(61.5)
19.5
(67.1)
21.5
(70.7)
24.9
(76.8)
29.4
(84.9)
32.2
(90.0)
32.3
(90.1)
28.8
(83.8)
24.0
(75.2)
18.4
(65.1)
14.9
(58.8)
23.1
(73.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.1
(50.2)
11.2
(52.2)
13.8
(56.8)
15.8
(60.4)
19.2
(66.6)
23.4
(74.1)
26.3
(79.3)
26.5
(79.7)
23.2
(73.8)
18.8
(65.8)
13.9
(57.0)
10.6
(51.1)
17.7
(63.9)
Average low °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1)
6.0
(42.8)
8.1
(46.6)
10.1
(50.2)
13.4
(56.1)
17.5
(63.5)
20.3
(68.5)
20.6
(69.1)
17.5
(63.5)
13.6
(56.5)
9.3
(48.7)
6.3
(43.3)
12.4
(54.3)
Record low °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0)
−6.4
(20.5)
−2.5
(27.5)
0.1
(32.2)
3.8
(38.8)
9.2
(48.6)
12.4
(54.3)
12.4
(54.3)
9.1
(48.4)
3.6
(38.5)
−2.0
(28.4)
−3.8
(25.2)
−6.4
(20.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33
(1.3)
28
(1.1)
30
(1.2)
48
(1.9)
58
(2.3)
25
(1.0)
15
(0.6)
33
(1.3)
59
(2.3)
78
(3.1)
60
(2.4)
41
(1.6)
508
(20.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 4 4 3 5 6 3 2 3 5 6 5 4 50
Average relative humidity (%) 65 63 60 59 60 58 57 60 64 68 67 67 62
Mean monthly sunshine hours 163 167 211 230 257 292 329 283 225 192 162 155 2,662
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[13][14]

Notable people



See also


  • Battle of Dertosa
  • Dertosa
  • Taifa of Tortosa
  • Shem-Tob ben Isaac of Tortosa
  • Bishop of Tortosa
  • Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa
  • Disputation of Tortosa
  • Siege of Tortosa (1708)
  • Siege of Tortosa (1810-11)
  • Tortosa Pact
  • Battle of the Ebro (Spanish Civil War)
  • CD Tortosa, football team

References


  1. "Ajuntament de Tortosa". Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  2. "El municipi en xifres: Tortosa". Statistical Institute of Catalonia. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
  3. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  4. Strabo, Geography, §3.4.9
  5. María J. Viguera (2000). "Ṭurṭūsha". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 738–739. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7..
  6. Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Anglo-Norman involvement in the conquest of Tortosa and Settlement of Tortosa, 1148-1180", Crusades 8 (2009), pp. 63-129.
  7. Historia de la línea de La Puebla de Híjar-Alcañiz-Tortosa-Sant Carles de la Ràpita Archived 2010-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
  8. El Punt - El cruel divorci entre Tortosa i el tren
  9. Festa del Renaixement / Fiesta del Renacimiento; Official website.
  10. gencat.cat (Generalitat de Catalunya).
  11. "Presentació". tortosa.cat (in Catalan). Tortosa. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  12. Clima: Tortosa, Climate-Data.org
  13. "Valores climatológicos normales. Tortosa". Retrieved 2014-09-26.
  14. "Estación de Tortosa (Roquetes): Estación de Tortosa (Roquetes) - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España".

Bibliography





На других языках


[de] Tortosa

Tortosa (Provinz Tarragona) ist eine alte katalanische Bischofsstadt am Ebro.
- [en] Tortosa

[es] Tortosa

Tortosa es un municipio de la provincia de Tarragona en la comunidad autónoma de Cataluña en España. Es la capital de la comarca del Bajo Ebro. Es sede episcopal y constituye un importante centro agrícola, comercial e industrial. El municipio lo constituyen Jesús, Bítem, els Reguers, Campredó y Vinallop. Tortosa es cabeza de partido judicial (hasta 1923 fue distrito electoral, junto a Roquetas y Gandesa, escogiendo un diputado a Cortes desde 1846) y en la actualidad tienen su sede en ella buena parte de los servicios territoriales de la Generalidad de Cataluña en las Tierras del Ebro al configurarse su territorio como una veguería.

[ru] Тортоса

Тортоса (исп. Tortosa) — город и муниципалитет в Испании, входит в провинцию Таррагона в составе автономного сообщества Каталония. Муниципалитет находится в составе района (комарки) Баш-Эбре. Занимает площадь 218,45 км². Население — 36 824 человек (на 2009 год). 24 % населения составляют эмигранты из 96 стран мира. Примерно 800 человек из бывших стран СССР. Расстояние до административного центра провинции — 69 км.



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