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Srednekolymsk (Russian: Среднеколы́мск; Yakut: Орто Халыма, Orto Khalyma) is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kolyma River, 1,485 kilometers (923 mi) northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,525.[2]

Srednekolymsk
Среднеколымск
Town under district jurisdiction[1]
Other transcription(s)
  YakutОрто Халыма
Location of Srednekolymsk
Srednekolymsk
Location of Srednekolymsk
Srednekolymsk
Srednekolymsk (Sakha Republic)
Coordinates: 67°28′N 153°43′E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSakha Republic[1]
Administrative districtSrednekolymsky District[1]
TownSrednekolymsk[1]
Founded1644[1]
Town status since1775
Government
  BodyParbaala
  MayorAlexander Emendzy
Elevation
25 m (82 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
  Total3,525
  Estimate 
(2018)[3]
3,489 (−1%)
Administrative status
  Capital ofSrednekolymsky District[1], Town of Srednekolymsk[1]
Municipal status
  Municipal districtSrednekolymsky Municipal District[4]
  Urban settlementSrednekolymsk Urban Settlement[4]
  Capital ofSrednekolymsky Municipal District[5], Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement[4]
Time zoneUTC+11 (MSK+8 [6])
Postal code(s)[7]
678790, 678799
Dialing code(s)+7 41156
OKTMO ID98646101001
Town DaySeptember 15
Srednekolymsk population
2010 Census3,525[2]
2002 Census3,587[8]
1989 Census4,489[9]
1979 Census3,309[10]

History


When the Russians arrived in the 1640s, they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymsk (i.e., lower, middle, and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by seagoing koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (ostrog) was founded in 1644[1] by Mikhail Stadukhin.[citation needed] Some[who?] say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but Fisher[11] thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.

At some point the name was changed to Yarmanka, from the Russian word for "fair", referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was granted town status and its present name in 1775.[citation needed] In Imperial times, it was a destination for political exiles.


Administrative and municipal status


Within the framework of administrative divisions, Srendekolymsk serves as the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Srednekolymsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with one rural locality (the selo of Lobuya), incorporated within Srednekolymsky District as the Town of Srednekolymsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Srednekolymsk is incorporated within Srednekolymsky Municipal District as Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement.[4]


Economy and infrastructure


The town is largely reliant on farming of reindeer, hunting for pelts, and fishing.


Transportation


The town is served by the Srednekolymsk Airport (IATA: SEK). In the summer, river transport takes place, and in the winter, land transport can be performed on the ice.


Climate


Srednekolymsk has a dry and very cold subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), bordering on an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), featuring with mild, sometimes hot, even very hot, but short summers and extremely brutal winters with almost no snowfall. The winter lasts from October until May and temperatures rise rapidly enough for Siberian larch trees to be able to grow during the fleeting summer, before falling rapidly again in August and September. Temperatures often do not exceed 0 °C (32 °F) between late September and early May.

The midnight sun is above the horizon from 30 May to 13 July, the polar night last from 19 December to 24 December (6 days).

Climate data for Srednekolymsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)
−3.3
(26.1)
2.3
(36.1)
14.6
(58.3)
28.4
(83.1)
33.5
(92.3)
36.7
(98.1)
32.2
(90.0)
24.6
(76.3)
13.6
(56.5)
5.1
(41.2)
−5.3
(22.5)
36.7
(98.1)
Average high °C (°F) −34.4
(−29.9)
−30.9
(−23.6)
−20.5
(−4.9)
−8.2
(17.2)
4.3
(39.7)
16.4
(61.5)
18.9
(66.0)
14.8
(58.6)
7.1
(44.8)
−7.9
(17.8)
−23.8
(−10.8)
−31.7
(−25.1)
−8
(18)
Daily mean °C (°F) −37.9
(−36.2)
−34.8
(−30.6)
−26.7
(−16.1)
−15.3
(4.5)
−1.1
(30.0)
11.2
(52.2)
13.9
(57.0)
10.1
(50.2)
3.2
(37.8)
−11.1
(12.0)
−27.2
(−17.0)
−35.1
(−31.2)
−12.6
(9.3)
Average low °C (°F) −41.4
(−42.5)
−38.7
(−37.7)
−32.9
(−27.2)
−22.4
(−8.3)
−6.4
(20.5)
5.9
(42.6)
8.8
(47.8)
5.4
(41.7)
−0.8
(30.6)
−14.3
(6.3)
−30.5
(−22.9)
−38.5
(−37.3)
−17.1
(1.2)
Record low °C (°F) −56.1
(−69.0)
−56.0
(−68.8)
−50.4
(−58.7)
−42.4
(−44.3)
−30.0
(−22.0)
−10.9
(12.4)
−1.6
(29.1)
−5.1
(22.8)
−14.8
(5.4)
−36.1
(−33.0)
−48.2
(−54.8)
−53.5
(−64.3)
−56.1
(−69.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13
(0.5)
9
(0.4)
7
(0.3)
6
(0.2)
8
(0.3)
25
(1.0)
32
(1.3)
27
(1.1)
17
(0.7)
16
(0.6)
15
(0.6)
13
(0.5)
188
(7.5)
Source: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System[12]

References



Notes


  1. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
  2. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  4. Law #173-Z #353-III
  5. Law #172-Z #351-III
  6. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
  11. Raymond H. Fisher. The Voyage of Semon Dezhnev, 1981
  12. "RUS YAKUTSKAYA - SREDNE-KOLYMSK". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved November 19, 2011.

Sources



На других языках


- [en] Srednekolymsk

[ru] Среднеколымск

Среднеколы́мск (якут. Орто Халыма) — город, административный центр Среднеколымского улуса Республики Саха (Якутия) Российской Федерации, образует городское поселение город Среднеколымск.



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