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Kholm (Russian: Холм) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Lovat and Kunya Rivers, 77 kilometers (48 mi) north of Toropets, 93 kilometers (58 mi) southwest of Staraya Russa, and 201 kilometers (125 mi) south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 3,830 (2010 Census);[4] 4,325 (2002 Census);[10] 4,849 (1989 Census).[11]

Kholm Холм
Town[1]
Coat of arms
Location of Kholm
Kholm Location of Kholm Show map of Russia Kholm Kholm (Novgorod Oblast) Show map of Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 57°09′N 31°11′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Novgorod Oblast[1]
Administrative district	Kholmsky District[1]
Town of district significance	Kholm[2]
First mentioned	1144[3]
Town status since	1777[3]
Elevation	65 m (213 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	3,830
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	3,422 (−10.7%)
Administrative status
• Capital of	Kholmsky District[1], town of district significance of Kholm[2]
Municipal status
• Municipal district	Kholmsky Municipal District[6]
• Urban settlement	Kholmskoye Urban Settlement[7]
• Capital of	Kholmsky Municipal District[6], Kholmskoye Urban Settlement[7]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [8])
Postal code(s)[9]	175270, 175271
OKTMO ID	49647101001

History

The Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. The settlement was first mentioned in 1144[3] as Kholmsky pogost (Холмский погост).^{[citation needed]} During the Middle Ages, the town, then a seat of the Princes of Kholm, withstood innumerable sieges by Lithuanians, Poles, and Swedes.

In 1777, it was elevated in status to that of an uyezd town[3] of Pskov Viceroyalty and given its present name.^{[citation needed]} In 1796, it was transferred to Pskov Governorate.[3] In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Kholmsky District was established, with the administrative center in Kholm.[12] Pskov Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[12] On June 3, 1929, Velikiye Luki Okrug was transferred to Western Oblast.[13] On July 23, 1930 the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] On January 29, 1935, the district became a part of the newly established Kalinin Oblast.

During World War II, it was occupied by the Wehrmacht from August 3, 1941 to February 21, 1944, when it was liberated. It was the scene of the Kholm Pocket from January 21 to May 5, 1942. The town was completely ruined and even now its current population is only a third of the pre-war one.

On July 5, 1944, the district was included in newly established Novgorod Oblast, but already on August 22, 1944 it was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[14] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Kholmsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[15] On July 29, 1958, it was transferred to Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[3][15]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholm serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kholmsky District as the town of district significance of Kholm.[2] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Kholm is incorporated within Kholmsky Municipal District as Kholmskoye Urban Settlement.[7]

Economy

Industry

The economy of Kholm and its district is based on timber industry.[16]

Transportation

Kholm is connected by roads to Staraya Russa, to Bezhanitsy, to Demyansk via Maryovo, and to Toropets.

The Lovat and the Kunya Rivers are not navigable in Kholm.

Culture and recreation

Kholm contains eight monuments classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[17] Seven of them are graves of and monuments to soldiers fallen in World War II, while the eighth one is an archaeological site.

In the dense woods and impracticable swamps to the west of Kholm lies the deserted Rdeysky Monastery.[18]

Kholm hosts the Kholmsky District Museum which was opened in 1983.[19]

References

Notes

Sources

• Снытко, О. В. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in Russian). St. Petersburg. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №559-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного закона №730-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #559-OZ of November 11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #730-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
• Администрация Новгородской области. Постановление №121 от 8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №408 от 4 августа 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49–50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast. Resolution #121 of April 8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #408 of August 4, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №284-ОЗ от 7 июня 2004 г. «О наделении сельских районов и города Великий Новгород статусом муниципальных районов и городского округа Новгородской области и утверждении границ их территорий», в ред. Областного закона №802-ОЗ от 31 августа 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные Законы, устанавливающие границы муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №86, 22 июня 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #284-OZ of June 7, 2004 On Granting the Status of Municipal Districts and Urban Okrug of Novgorod Oblast to the Rural Districts and the City of Veliky Novgorod and on Establishing the Borders of Their Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #802-OZ of August 31, 2015 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №353-ОЗ от 2 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Холмского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городских и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений», в ред. Областного закона №216-ОЗ от 1 марта 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Областные законы, содержащие перечни населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №79, 8 декабря 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #353-OZ of December 2, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Kholmsky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #216-OZ of March 1, 2013 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Containing the Registries of the Inhabited Localities on the Territories of the Settlements. Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).

External links

Media related to Kholm at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website of Kholm (in Russian)
• Kholm Business Directory (in Russian)

На других языках

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- [en] Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast

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[ru] Холм (город)

Холм — город (с 1777[2]) в России, административный центр Холмского муниципального района Новгородской области.

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