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Santa Cruz da Graciosa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈkɾuʒ ðɐ ɣɾɐsiˈɔzɐ] (listen)) is a Portuguese municipality on the island of Graciosa, in the archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 4,391,[1] in an area of 60.66 km².[2] It includes four local parishes and one municipal government structure, which administers the entire island.

Santa Cruz da Graciosa
Municipality
The municipal seat of Santa Cruz da Graciosa, as seen from off the northeast coast of the island of Graciosa
Location of the municipality of Santa Cruz da Graciosa in the archipelago of the Azores
Coordinates: 39°3′17″N 28°0′51″W
Country Portugal
Auton. regionAzores
IslandGraciosa
EstablishedSettlement: c.1475
Municipality: c.1832
Parishes4
Government
  PresidentPedro Alexandre Melo Cabeceiras
Area
  Total60.66 km2 (23.42 sq mi)
Elevation
140 m (460 ft)
Population
 (2011)
  Total4,391
  Density72/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−01:00 (AZOT)
  Summer (DST)UTC±00:00 (AZOST)
Postal code
9880-352
Area code292
Local holiday2nd Monday in August
Websitehttp://cm-graciosa.azoresdigital.pt/

History


While the date of its first discovery is uncertain, it is known that its first settlers arrived from the island of Terceira around 1450.[3] One of the first settlers was Vasco Gil Sodre.

The early settlement was primarily agrarian, but by 1486 its population had grown sufficiently to warrant the founding of the vila (or town) of Santa Cruz in 1486, while Praia lost this role.[3]

Between the 16th-17th century, Graciosa was regularly attacked by pirates and privateers, which obliged the local government to construct fortifications along the island's coast for defense.[3]

Over the centuries Santa Cruz was visited by important travellers. The Jesuit António Vieira, who stopped in the village after a shipwreck while returning to Lisbon from Brazil.[3] Later the French writer Chateaubriand, in 1791, whilst fleeing the horrors of the French Revolution stopped in Graciosa en route to America.[3] In 1814, a young Almeida Garret wrote some of his first verses, already a revelation of his budding talents. Finally, in 1879, Prince Albert of Monaco, notable for his oceanographic and maritime studies, stopped in Graciosa and visited Furna do Enxofre. He was one of the first to descend the volcanic chamber using a rope ladder.[3]

The construction of the port in Praia, and the northern aerodrome, were important in breaking the island's isolation and concentration on agriculture.[3]


Geography



Physical geography



Human geography


Santa Cruz da Graciosa, is the largest urbanized settlement on the island of Graciosa, Azores
Santa Cruz da Graciosa, is the largest urbanized settlement on the island of Graciosa, Azores
A partial glimpse of the civil parish of Praia on the southern coast of Graciosa
A partial glimpse of the civil parish of Praia on the southern coast of Graciosa

The territory of Graciosa Island consists of one municipality, Santa Cruz da Graciosa (4,780 inhabitants in 2001), which is divided into four civil parishes:

The population centers on the island, apart from appearing dispersed, are concentrated along the road network. This is typical of many of other Azorean islands, usually colonized along important corridors corresponding to river-valleys or open terrains. Consequently, urban development has been conditioned by the islands geomorphology resulting in four principal axes of settlement supporting 80% of the islands population:


References


Notes
  1. Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  2. Eurostat
  3. Câmara Municipal (ed.). "Concelho da Santa Cruz da Graciosa" (in Portuguese). Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Azores: Câmara Municipal da Santa Cruz da Graciosa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2011.

На других языках


[de] Santa Cruz da Graciosa

Santa Cruz da Graciosa (.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}[ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈkɾuʒ ðɐ ɣɾɐsiˈɔzɐ] ) ist eine Kleinstadt (Vila) mit 1776 Einwohnern (Stand 30. Juni 2011) auf der Azoren-Insel Graciosa, Portugal.
- [en] Santa Cruz da Graciosa

[es] Santa Cruz da Graciosa

Santa Cruz da Graciosa es un municipio de Portugal ubicado en la isla Graciosa, Región Autónoma de Azores. Según el censo de 2021, tiene una población de 4091 habitantes.[2]

[ru] Санта-Круш-да-Грасиоза

Санта-Круш-да-Грасиоза (порт. Santa Cruz da Graciosa) — муниципалитет в Португалии, входит в округ Азорские острова. Расположен на острове Грасиоза. Население составляет 4780 человек на 2001 год. Занимает площадь 60,94 км².



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