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Masjed Soleyman (Persian: مسجدسلیمان, also Romanized as Masjedsoleimān, Masjed-e Soleymān, Masjed Soleiman, and Masjid-i-Sulaiman)[2] is a city and capital of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206,121, in 51,530 families.[3]

Masjed Soleyman
مسجدسلیمان
City
Masjed Soleyman
Coordinates: 31°56′11″N 49°18′14″E
Country Iran
ProvinceKhuzestan
CountyMasjed Soleyman
BakhshCentral
Population
 (2016 Census)
 • Urban
100,497 [1]
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)

Climate


Masjed Soleyman has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh).

Climate data for Masjed Soleyman 320m (1985–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1)		 29.0
(84.2)		 36.6
(97.9)		 41.6
(106.9)		 47.6
(117.7)		 51.2
(124.2)		 51.6
(124.9)		 53
(127)		 48.0
(118.4)		 42.2
(108.0)		 34.2
(93.6)		 30.0
(86.0)		 53
(127)
Average high °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5)		 18.8
(65.8)		 23.3
(73.9)		 30.3
(86.5)		 37.8
(100.0)		 43.2
(109.8)		 45.1
(113.2)		 44.8
(112.6)		 40.9
(105.6)		 34.6
(94.3)		 25.4
(77.7)		 18.9
(66.0)		 31.6
(88.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6)		 13.8
(56.8)		 17.7
(63.9)		 24.0
(75.2)		 31.0
(87.8)		 35.8
(96.4)		 38.1
(100.6)		 37.7
(99.9)		 33.5
(92.3)		 27.8
(82.0)		 19.7
(67.5)		 14.2
(57.6)		 25.4
(77.7)
Average low °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3)		 8.7
(47.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 17.7
(63.9)		 24.2
(75.6)		 28.3
(82.9)		 31.2
(88.2)		 30.6
(87.1)		 26.1
(79.0)		 20.9
(69.6)		 13.9
(57.0)		 9.4
(48.9)		 19.2
(66.6)
Record low °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 1.8
(35.2)		 7.0
(44.6)		 14.4
(57.9)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 20.0
(68.0)		 12.4
(54.3)		 3.4
(38.1)		 0.5
(32.9)		 −4.4
(24.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 94.1
(3.70)		 55.7
(2.19)		 71.2
(2.80)		 36.0
(1.42)		 5.1
(0.20)		 0.0
(0.0)		 1.0
(0.04)		 0.8
(0.03)		 0.1
(0.00)		 8.2
(0.32)		 59.4
(2.34)		 104.9
(4.13)		 436.5
(17.19)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.9 6.3 6.4 4.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.9 6.9 37.9
Average relative humidity (%) 73 63 52 38 23 16 17 18 20 28 50 69 38
Mean monthly sunshine hours 165.6 170.5 207.5 212.5 268.2 313.8 322.4 332.8 303.7 259.5 198.3 163.3 2,918.1
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[4] (temperatures),[5] (precipitation),[6] (humidity),[7] (days with precipitation),[8]

(sunshine)[9]


History


Parthian king, making an offering to god Herakles-Verethragna. Masdjid-e Suleiman, Iran. 2nd-3rd century CE. Louvre Museum Sb 7302.[10]
Parthian king, making an offering to god Herakles-Verethragna. Masdjid-e Suleiman, Iran. 2nd-3rd century CE. Louvre Museum Sb 7302.[10]

Ancient history and etymology


The city was known as Parsumash prior to the Muslim conquest of Persia.

A French archaeological expedition under the supervision of Prof. Roman Ghirshman made some important discoveries.[11] Ghirshman believes Parsomash (present-day Masjed Soleyman) was the oldest capital of the Achaemenian Kingdom.


Contemporary history


Masjed Soleyman's importance today is in oil exploration. William Knox D'Arcy, by contract with Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari, obtained permission to explore for oil in Iran, he discovered oil near this city in 1908.[12][13] This was the first time oil was discovered in the Middle East, changing the history of the region.[14]


Notable people



References


  1. "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
  2. Masjed Soleyman can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3074315" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011.
  6. "Monthly Total Precipitation in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  7. "Average relative humidity in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
  8. "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
  9. "Monthly total sunshine hours in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
  10. "Louvre Museum Sb 7302".
  11. "Louvre Museum Sb 7302".
  12. Vassiliou, M. S. Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2009. Print.
  13. Peter Frangipan (2015). The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 319. ISBN 9781101946336.
  14. "May 26, 1908: Mideast Oil Discovered — There Will Be Blood | WIRED". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  15. "Iran's NIOC dismisses head of National Iranian South Oil Company". businessweek. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.


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