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Mahabad (Persian: مهاباد, Kurdish: مەهاباد, romanized: Mehabad), also Romanized as Mihābād and Muhābād,[2] is a city and capital of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 168,000 in 31,000 families.[3]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Persian. (May 2015) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Persian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Persian Wikipedia article at [[:fa:مهاباد]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|fa|مهاباد}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Mahabad مهاباد
City
Mahabad
Coordinates: 36°45′47″N 45°43′20″E
Country	Iran
Province	West Azerbaijan
County	Mahabad
Bakhsh	Central
Population  (2016 Census)
• Urban	168,393
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Area code	044
Website	www.mohabad-ag.ir
[1]

The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level.[4][5]

Name

Mahabad first became the name of the city after World War I, during the reign of the Pahlavi shah (king) Reza Shah (r. 1925–1941). Before that, it was known as Savojbolagh, a Persian corruption of the Turkic word soghuk bulak (meaning "cold spring"). The Kurdish version was Sablagh.[6][7]

History

Savojbolagh is first attested in the 16th century, during the Safavid era.[6] Mukri Kurds participated in several wars between Safavid dynasty and Ottoman Empire, and gained more predominance. In 17th century AD, Savojbolagh became the seat of Mukri principality (known as Mukriyān in Sorani Kurdish and Mokriyān in Persian). Many believe Budaq Sultan Mukri, who built Savojbolagh's Jameh Mosque is the founder of the current town.

Republic of Mahabad

Mahabad was the capital of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad, which was declared independent on January 1, 1946 under the leadership of Kurdish nationalist Qazi Muhammad.

The republic received strong support from the Soviet Union, which occupied Iran during the same era. It included the majority Kurdish-speaking towns of Bukan, Piranshahr, Sardasht and Oshnavieh.[8]

After an agreement brokered by the United States, the Soviets agreed to leave Iran, and sovereignty was restored to the Shah in 1947. The Shah ordered an invasion of the Republic of Mahabad shortly afterwards, the leaders of the republic including Qazi Muhammad were arrested and executed.[9][10][11] Qazi Muhammad was hanged on 31 March 1947. At the behest of Archibald Roosevelt Jr., who argued that Qazi had been forced to work with the Soviets out of expediency, U.S. ambassador to Iran George V. Allen urged the Shah not to execute Qazi or his brother, only to be reassured: "Are you afraid I'm going to have them shot? If so, you can rest your mind. I am not." Roosevelt later recounted that the order to have the Qazis killed was likely issued "as soon as our ambassador had closed the door behind him," adding with regard to the Shah: "I never was one of his admirers."[12]

Islamic Republic of Iran

On 7 May 2015, the people of the city rioted following the unexplained death on 4 May 2015 of Farinaz Khosravani, a hotel chambermaid. Khosravani fell to her death from a fourth-floor window of the Tara hotel, the hotel where she worked. Anger mounted following reports that Khosravani died attempting to escape an official who was threatening to rape her. The rioters reportedly set fire to the hotel where Khosravani worked.[13]

Language and religion

Most of Mahabad is populated by Kurds who follow the Sunni branch of Islam. Besides Kurdish, many speak Persian and Azeri Turkic as well.[14] Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jews originally used to inhabit the city as well.[6]

References

Sources

• Eagleton, W. & Neumann, R. (1986). "Mahābād". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 213–214. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
• Hassanpour, Amir (1989). "Būkān". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/5: Brick–Burial II. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 511. ISBN 978-0-71009-128-4.
• Minorsky, Vladmir & Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "Sāwd̲j̲-Bulāḳ". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.

External links

• Hemin Mukriani (iranica)
• Short Biography and works of Zabihi
• Article of the Monde Diplo on Mahabad (in French)

На других языках

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[de] Mahabad

Mahabad (persisch مهاباد [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}mæɦɔːˈbɔːd], kurdisch .mw-parser-output .Arab a,.mw-parser-output a bdi.Arab{text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .Arab{font-size:120%}مەھاباد .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Mehabad [məhɑːˈbɑːd]) ist eine kurdisch geprägte Stadt im Nordwesten des Irans in der Provinz West-Aserbaidschan und Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen Distriktes. Sie hat etwa 250.000 Einwohner. Die Stadt liegt südlich des Urmiasees, in einem Tal auf 1300 m Höhe.

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- [en] Mahabad

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[ru] Мехабад

Мехаба́д[1] (перс. مهاباد & پیرانشهر‎ — Mahâbâd, курд. مەھاباد — Mehabad, азерб. Məhəbad) — город в Иране в провинции Западный Азербайджан, административный центр шахрестана Мехабад, считающийся столицей Иранского Курдистана.

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