world.wikisort.org - Indonesia

Search / Calendar

Tana Toraja (lit. 'Toraja Land' in Toraja language) is a landlocked regency (kabupaten) of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, and home to the Toraja ethnic group. It covers an area of 2,054.30 km2 (793.17 sq mi) and had a population of 221,081 at the 2010 census and 280,794 at the 2020 census.[3] The local government seat is in Makale, while the center of Toraja culture is in Rantepao. Formerly, the Tana Toraja area covered a larger area, but in 2008 this was divided into two regencies, consisting of Tana Toraja with its capital at Makale and Toraja Utara (North Toraja) with its capital at Rantepao.

Tana Toraja Regency
Kabupaten Tana Toraja
Regency
The traditional tongkonans in Kete Kesu [id]
Location within South Sulawesi
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceSouth Sulawesi
Anniversary1 September 1247; 775 years ago (1247-09-01)
CapitalMakale
Area
  Total2,054.30 km2 (793.17 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
  Total270,489
  Density130/km2 (340/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (WITA)
Websitewww.tanatorajakab.go.id

The Tana Toraja boundary was determined by the Dutch East Indies government in 1909. In 1926, Tana Toraja was under the administration of Bugis state, Luwu. The regentschap (or regency) status was given on 8 October 1946, the last regency given by the Dutch. Since 1984, Tana Toraja has been named as the second tourist destination after Bali by the Ministry of Tourism, Indonesia. Since then, hundreds of thousands of foreign visitors have visited this regency. In addition, numerous Western anthropologists have come to Tana Toraja to study the indigenous culture and people of Toraja.

Christian mission in Tana Toraja Regency, Netherlands colonial period.picture credits : Tropenmuseum.
Christian mission in Tana Toraja Regency, Netherlands colonial period.
picture credits : Tropenmuseum.

History


The government in Toraja has been started since the government Dutch East Indies. Based on the Emergency Law No. 3 of 1957, the District Level II Tana Toraja was formed which was inaugurated on 31 August 1957 with the first Regent of the Regional Head named Lakitta.[4]

Decree of the Governor of the First Level Region of South Sulawesi Number 954/XI/1998 dated 14 December 1998, the district of Tana Toraja consists of 9 definitive sub-districts, 6 sub-district representatives, 22 sub-districts, and 63 villages. Then Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Government was issued, and followed up by issuing Regional Regulation No. 18 of 2000 dated 29 December 2000, 6 sub-district representatives were changed to definitive sub-districts, bringing the total number of sub-districts to 15 sub-districts, 22 sub-districts and 63 villages.[4]

In 2001, the regional regulation no. 2 of 2001 dated 11 April 2001, where the entire name of the existing "village" changed its name to "lembang". After the stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2001 concerning the First Amendment to Regional Regulation No. 18 of 2000, the Regional Regulation of Tana-Toraja Regency Number 8 of 2004 concerning the second amendment to the Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2000, as well as the regional regulation number 6 of 2005 concerning the amendment of the Third Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2000, the Tana Toraja Regency area developed into 40 sub-districts, 87 kelurahan and 223 lembang (villages).[4]

Next came the discourse of regional expansion, namely North Toraja Regency. The discourse of the expansion has created pros and cons among the Toraja people themselves. The formation of North Toraja Regency was finally determined through the plenary session of the People's Representative Council on 24 June 2008. However, the inauguration of North Toraja Regency was carried out two months later, which was coupled with the commemoration of the 51st anniversary of Tana Toraja Regency, namely on 31 August 2008.[4]


Geography


Tana Toraja is centrally placed in the island of Sulawesi, 300 km north of Makassar, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi. It lies between latitude of 2°-3° South and longitude 119°-120° East (center: 3°S 120°E). The total area (since the separation of the new regency of North Toraja) is 2,054.30 km2, about 4.4% of the total area of South Sulawesi province. The topography of Tana Toraja is mountainous; its minimum elevation is 150 m, while the maximum is 3,083 above the sea level.[5]


Administrative Districts


Tana Toraja Regency in 2020 comprised nineteen administrative Districts (Kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[6] and the 2020 census.[3] The table also includes the administrative centre of the district, the numbers of administrative villages (kelurahan and desa) within that district, and its post code.

NameArea
in km2
Population
census
2010
Population
census
2020
Administrative
centre
Number
of
villages
Post
code
Bonggakaradeng206.766,6688,023Ratte Buttu691872
Simbuang194.826,1667,959Simbuang691874
Rano89.436,0427,649Rumandan591875
Mappak166.025,5097,018Kondo Dewata691873
Mengkendek196.7427,34236,390Rante Kalua1791870
Gandang Batu Silanan108.6319,23823,049Benteng Ambeso1291871
Sangalla36.246,6067,958Bulian Massabu591881
Sangalla Selatan
(South Sangalla)
47.807,3619,557Rante Alang591882
Sangalla Utara
(North Sangalla)
27.967,3279,041Tombang691883
Makale39.7533,63138,814Bombangan1591811
-91817
Makale Selatan
(South Makale)
61.7012,41516,609Tiromanda891815
Makale Utara
(North Makale)
26.0811,79914,602Lion Tondokiring591812
-91817
Saluputti87.547,4249,741Pattan Ulusalu991864
Bittuang163.2714,24718,692Bittuang1591896
Rembon134.4718,21924,662Talion1391860
Masanda134.776,2788,495Pondingao891894
Malimbong Balepe211.478,92310,517Malimbong691861
Rantetayo60.3510,73714,614Padang Iring691863
Kurra60.505,1497,404Ratte Kurra691862
Totals2,054.30221,081280,794Makale159

Demographics



Ethnicity


Pagellu Dance, Toraja traditional dance
Pagellu Dance, Toraja traditional dance
Toraja traditional house
Toraja traditional house

The original tribe that inhabits Tana Toraja is the Toraja tribe. The Toraja people are a tribe who live in the mountainous region of the northern part of the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The population of the Toraja people is estimated at around 1 million people, and 500,000 of them are in Tana Toraja Regency, North Toraja Regency, and Mamasa Regency. Most of the Toraja people embrace Christianity, while some adhere to Islam and an animist belief known as Aluk Todolo. The Indonesian government has recognized this belief as part of the Hindu religion.[7]

The word Toraja itself comes from the Bugis language, namely "to riaja" which means "people who live in the land above". In 1909, the Dutch colonial government called this tribe the Toraja. The Toraja tribe is famous for its funeral rituals, Tongkonan traditional houses and also various types of wood carvings typical of Toraja. Toraja funeral rituals are important social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days.[7]

Before the 20th century, the Toraja tribe still lived in autonomous villages. They previously still adhered to animism, and had not been touched by the outside world. In the early 1900s, Dutch missionaries arrived and began to spread Christianity. Then, around the 1970s, Toraja people began to open up to the outside world, and Tana Toraja district (before it was expanded) became a symbol of Indonesian tourism. Then there was the development of Tana Toraja tourism, and it was studied by anthropology. So that in 1990-1s, the Toraja people underwent a cultural transformation, from a society with traditional and agrarian beliefs, to a society that was predominantly Christian, and the tourism sector in the Tana Toraja area continued to increase.[7]


Religion


Toraja Church in Makale
Toraja Church in Makale

Religion in Tana Toraja Regency (2021)

  Protestantism (69.49%)
  Roman Catholic (16.45%)
  Islam (12.17%)
  Hinduism (1.71%)
  Buddhism (0.17%)
  Other (0.01%)

Based on data from the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2021, it is noted that the majority of Tana Toraja's population adheres to Christianity, namely 85.94%, of which Protestantism is 69.49% and Roman Catholic is 16.45%. Most of the others are Islam, namely 12.17%, then Hinduism 1.71%, Buddhism 0.17% and others 0.01%.[8][9]


Tourism



Tourist attractions


Miniature of a Toraja house at a celebration in 1910–1940.
Miniature of a Toraja house at a celebration in 1910–1940.
Celebrations in Toraja before 1939.
Celebrations in Toraja before 1939.

Tana Toraja is one of the tourist destinations or tourist destinations with a cultural background in Indonesia, especially in the province of South Sulawesi. The life of the indigenous people, namely the Toraja people, as well as a unique culture, makes this highland area in South Sulawesi chosen by tourists to see and learn Toraja culture.

In 1974, Tongkonan Siguntu' dirara (traditional ceremony / Rambu Tuka') was attended by delegates from 60 foreign countries who attended the PATA conference in Jakarta in 1974. Since then Toraja has become known as a cultural tourism destination in Indonesia.


Buntu Kalando


Tongkonan/house where Puang Sangalla' (king of Sangalla') lives. As the resting place of Puang Sangala' and also the palace where the government of the Sangalla' kingdom was managed at that time, Tongkonan Buntu Kalando had the title "tando tananan langi' lantangna Kaero tongkonan layuk". Currently Tongkonan Buntu Kalando is used as a museum to store prehistoric objects and relics of the Sangalla kingdom.


Kambira


The graves of babies whose teeth have not yet grown (aged 6 months and under) are placed in a living tree that is hollowed out.


Pallawa


Tongkonan Pallawa is one of the tongkonan or traditional house that is very interesting and is located among the bamboo trees at the top of the hill. The tongkonan is decorated with a number of buffalo horns that are plugged in the front of the traditional house. Located about 12 km to the north of Rantepao.[10]


Lemo


The place is often referred to as the home of the spirits. At the Lemo cemetery, we can see corpses kept in the open air, in the middle of steep rocks. This burial complex is a blend of death, art and ritual. At certain times the clothes of the corpses will be changed through the Ma' Nene ceremony.[10]

Jesus Buntu Burake
Jesus Buntu Burake

Located on Burake Hill, Tana Toraja has built the Statue of Jesus Christ Blessing which is claimed to be the tallest Jesus statue in the world. This means that the location of the statue is at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level or the location of the tallest statue in the world, while the size of the statue itself is not the highest in the world.[10][11]


Conservation efforts


Tana Toraja is one of the conservation sites for the PROTO MELAYU AUSTRONESIAN cultural civilization which is still well-maintained today. Traditional culture, music, dance, oral literary arts, language, houses, carvings, weaving and culinary which are still very traditional, have made the Indonesian government strive for Tana Toraja to be known internationally, one of which is to nominate Tana Toraja to UNESCO for became a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2009.

This is supported by Japan to make Tana Toraja a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Japan itself will participate in the conservation efforts, especially related to traditional houses in the area.

This support was conveyed in a meeting between the Indonesian and Japanese delegations in Poznan, Poland, Saturday 11 November 2010. September 10 in Poznan attended by representatives from about 40 countries in Asia and Europe.


See also



References


  1. "Kabupaten Tana Toraja Dalam Angka 2020" (in Indonesian). 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  2. https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/%7Ctitle=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. "Sejarah Singkat Terbentuknya Kabupaten Tana Toraja dan Toraja Utara" (in Indonesian). 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
  5. "Official Tana Toraja website" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2005-11-10.
  6. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  7. "Kabupaten Toraja Utara" (in Indonesian). 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  8. "Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020" (in Indonesian). 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
  9. "Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Tana Toraja" (in Indonesian). 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
  10. Farida, U; Bin-Tahir, S Z (1 October 2019). "Bureaucratic reform of tourism sector public services in Tana Toraja Regency". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 340 (1): 012045. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012045. ISSN 1755-1307. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) license.
  11. "Patung Yesus Tertinggi di Dunia Ada di Toraja, Ini Foto-Foto Keindahan Alamnya" (in Indonesian). 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2018-07-20.



На других языках


[de] Tana Toraja

Tana Toraja ist ein Regierungsbezirk (Kabupaten) in der Provinz Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesien. Mit einer Fläche von 1.990 km² und knapp 270.000 Einwohnern (2021)[1] beheimatet sie die Volksgruppe der Toraja. Der Regierungssitz ist Makale, das kulturelle Zentrum des Toraja-Landes ist Rantepao, welches aber Sitz des Regierungsbezirk Toraja Utara ist, der 2008 aus Tana Toraja ausgegliedert wurde. Tana Toraja ist sehr gebirgig. Die Höhe schwankt zwischen 150 und 3.083 Metern über dem Meeresspiegel.
- [en] Tana Toraja Regency

[ru] Тана-Тораджа

Тана-Тораджа (индон. Tana Toraja) — округ в провинции Южный Сулавеси, Индонезия. Административный центр — город Макале  (индон.) (рус.. Население — 221 081 чел. (2010)[2].



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии