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Gunung Mas Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Gunung Mas) is one of the thirteen regencies of Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The regency seat is located at the town of Kuala Kurun in Kurun District. The population of Gunung Mas Regency was 96,900 at the 2010 Census (an increase from 74,823 at the previous Census in 2000);[2] and 135,373 at the 2020 Census.[3]

Gunung Mas Regency Kabupaten Gunung Mas
Regency
Duhung Roundabout in town of Kuala Kurun
Coat of arms
Location within Central Kalimantan
Gunung Mas Regency Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia Show map of Kalimantan Gunung Mas Regency Gunung Mas Regency (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Coordinates: 0.9500°S 113.5000°E / -0.9500; 113.5000
Country	Indonesia
Province	Central Kalimantan
Regency seat	Kuala Kurun
Government
• Regent	Jaya Samaya Monong
• Vice Regent	Efrensia Umbing
Area
• Total	4,171 sq mi (10,804 km2)
Population  (2020 Census)
• Total	135,373
• Density	32/sq mi (13/km2)
	[1]
Time zone	UTC+7 (IWST)
Area code	(+62) 537
HDI (2019)	0.707 (High)
Website	gunungmaskab.go.id

The regency initially existed between 1965 to 1979, after which it was a district within Kapuas Regency. Its status as a regency was restored following rapid decentralization and democratization following fall of Suharto. The regency has the 5th highest Human Development Index in the province.

History

Etymology

The regency's name literally translates to "gold mountain".[4] The name originates the abundance of gold during the Dutch East Indies era, especially around the village of Sumur Mas, which name literally translates to "well of gold", while a nearby mountain is named "Gunung Mas".[5] Remains of the colonial era gold industry, such as abandoned factory chimneys and holes used to mine gold, can still be seen in the region today such .[5][6]

Due to its colonial origin, there have been calls to change the name of the regency,[6][4] such as by the local government, which argues that the name does not reflect the regency's motto, Habangkalan Penyang Karuhei Tatau, which is derived from the local Ngaju language and local wisdom.[6]

Creation

The regency was initially created on 1 October 1964 as Kahayan Hulu Administrative Regency, and was renamed Gunung Mas Administrative Regency on 1 May 1965. On 28 April 1979,the regency became a subdivision of the larger Kapuas Regency, while the title of its administrative head changed from a regent (bupati) to chief office of assistant for Gunung Mas region.[7]

In 1999, after Reformasi, the region became Kurun District (kecamatan).[7] Subsequently, demands were made by local figures, traditional Dayak chiefs, and residents of the region in the "Declaration by Gunung Mas Society" (Indonesian:Deklasari Masyarakat Gunung Mas).[7] The declaration resulted in three points, which:

1. To acknowledge Wednesday the 21st of March 2001 as the birth date of Gunung Mas Regency with the regency seat in Kuala Kurun.
2. To demand central government of Indonesia to proceed with the creation of the Gunung Mas Regency in accordance of the law.
3. Other matters to fulfill the requirements for the establishment of a regency as written in the Government Regulation No. 129 of 2000 will be processed in the shortest possible time.[7]

The declaration was read on 21 March 2001, and as a result, the regency was formed on 10 April 2002 based on Law Number 5 of 2002.[7]

Governance

Local government

The Gunung Mas Regency is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city, and is headed by a democratically elected regent. District heads are appointed directly by the regent on the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice regent while legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.[8][9][10]

Politics

Together with Palangka Raya and Katingan Regency, the regency forms part of the 1st Central Kalimantan electoral district, electing 10 out of 45 representatives in the provincial parliament. At the local level, the regency is divided into three electoral districts which have a total of 25 representatives.[11]

Electoral districts	Region	Representatives
1st Gunung Mas	Kurun, Mihing Raya, and Sepang District	8
2nd Gunung Mas	Manuhing Raya, Manuhing, Rungan, West Rungan, and Rungan Hulu District	9
3rd Gunung Mas	Damang Batu, North Kahayan Hulu, Miri Manasa, and Tewah District	8
Total		25

Administrative divisions

The regency is divided into 12 districts. Kurun, where the town of Kuala Kurun is located, is the regency's most populous district with 24.83 % of regency's total population. The fastest growing district on 2021 was Mihing Raya with growth of 4.67 % while the least was Miri Manasa with 1.27 %. The most dense district is also Kurun, with density of 38.4 people per square kilometer, while the least dense was Miri Manasa with just 2.7 people per square kilometer. The gender ratio varies from district to district, from 115 males for every 100 females in Manuhin to 107 males for every 100 females in Sepang. The statistics for all the districts are listed below.[12]

Name	Area in km2	Population Census 2010[13]	Population Census 2020[14]	Number of villages	Post codes
Manuhing	1,113	7,288	11,300	12	74562
Manuhing Raya	601	4,965	6,300	6	74563
Rungan	710	14,061	12,900	14	74560
Rungan Hulu	738	6,526	7,500	9	74561
West Rungan	391	[lower-alpha 1]	6,700	11	74561 [lower-alpha 2]
Sepang	397	6,112	9,000	7	74570
Mihing Raya	343	4,833	7,700	6	74571
Kurun	876	21,825	33,600	15	74511
Tewah	1,079	16,679	22,000	16	74552
North Kahayan Hulu	1,589	7,421	8,700	12	74554
Damang Batu	1,425	3,638	5,500	8	74553
Miri Manasa	1,542	3,642	4,200	11	74555
Totals	10,804	96,900	135,373	127

Economy

In 2021, the regency had a total gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of 3,619 billion rupiahs. While the region's economy was historically centered around mining, especially that of gold,[6] the largest economic sector in the regency as of 2021 is agriculture and fisheries, making up 29.24% of the regency's GRDP, followed by construction with 11.89 %, trade with 10.08 %, and manufacturing with 8.25 %.[12] The regency's agricultural output includes 100,347 tons of palm oil, 1,152 tons of rice, 5,004 quintals of durian, 414 quintals of mango, and 730 quintals of banana.[12] As of 2021, the fastest growing sector in the economy was internet and communication, with 18.43 % growth, followed by electricity and gas with 15.59 %, and healthcare with 9.71 %.[12]

In 2021, the regency had 15 operating banks, and 218 registered cooperatives, an increase of 2.83% from the previous year.[12] In addition, the regency had a 2.49 % unemployment rate and a 4.75 % poverty rate in the same year.[12]

Infrastructure

Education

There are 382 kindergartens, 181 elementary schools, 60 junior high schools, 15 senior high schools and four vocational high schools in the regency as of 2021, as well as a special education school in Kurun.[12] The regency has no higher education institutions,[12] and the regency government frequently awards scholarships to students in the region to pursue higher education outside of the regency.[15] The regency has a literacy rate of 99.21%, slightly higher than in neighbouring regions.[12]

Healthcare

There are two hospitals, one polyclinic, 86 puskesmas, and seven pharmacies in the regency. The main hospital of the regency, Kuala Kurun Regional Hospital, is located in the town of Kuala Kurun and classified as C-class hospital by Ministry of Health.[16] The other hospital, Pratama Tumbang Talaken Hospital, is a private hospital located in Manuhing district and classified as D-class.[17] The regency had a life expectancy of 70.40 years in 2021, close to the national average.[12]

Transportation

The regency is served by Sangkalemu Airport in Kuala Kurun, which has weekly scheduled flights to Banjarmasin.[18][19] The regency has a total road network length of 738.992 km (459.188 mi) and a road connection to Palangka Raya. The road to Palangka Raya is often in poor condition due to its use by overweight vehicles,[20] and frequently experiences traffic congestion.[21]

Others

The regency has 45 mosques, 252 churches, and 77 Balinese temple. Urban parks are found across the regency, most notably in Kuala Kurun.[22] In Kuala Kurun, the town park has shelter built for street vendors as part of relocation program by the government to reduce their presence in main roads.[23] There are 22 hotels registered in the regency, which more than half is located on Kurun District.[12]

References

Notes

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