Azamgarh is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Azamgarh division, which consists of Ballia, Mau and Azamgarh districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of Tamsa River (Tons). It is located 268km (167mi) east of the state capital Lucknow and 809km from national capital, Delhi.
City in Uttar Pradesh, India
This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Azamgarh district. For its namesake division, see Azamgarh division.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2012)
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2013)
Azamgarh, one of the easternmost districts(a district in Purvanchal sub-region) of Uttar Pradesh, once formed a part of the ancient Kosala kingdom, except its north-eastern part. Azamgarh is also known as the land of the sage Durvasa whose ashram was located in Phulpur tehsil, near the confluence of Tamsa and Majhuee rivers, 6 kilometres (3.7mi) north of the Phulpur.
The district is named after its headquarters town, Azamgarh, which was founded in 1665 by Azam, son of Vikramajit. Vikramajit was a descendant of Gautam Rajputs of Mehnagar in Pargana Nizamabad who like some of his predecessors had embraced the faith of Islam. He had a Muslim wife who bore him two sons Azam and Azmat. While Azam gave his name to the town of Azamgarh, and the fort, Azmat constructed the fort and settled the bazaar of Azmatgarh pargana Sagri.[4] After the attack of Chabile Ram, Azmat Khan fled northwards followed by the interior forces. He attempted to cross the Ghaghra into Gorakhpur, but the people on the other side opposed his landing, and he was either shot in mid stream or was drowned in attempting to escape by swimming.
In 1688 A.D. during Azmat's[dubious– discuss] lifetime, his eldest son Ekram took part in the management of the state, and after Azam's[dubious– discuss] death he was perhaps left in possession together with Mohhabat, another son. The remaining two sons were taken away and for a time detained as hostages for their brothers' 'good behaviour'.
The successor of Ikram finally confirmed the title of his family to the Jamidari. Ikram left no heirs and was succeeded by Iradat, son of Mohhabat. But the real ruler all along had been Mohhabat, and after Ikram's death, he continued to rule in his son's name.
Geography
Azamgarh has an average elevation of 64metres (209feet).[5] The district consists of a series of parallel ridges, whose summits are depressed into beds or hollows, along which the rivers flow; while between the ridges are low-lying rice lands, interspersed with numerous natural reservoirs.[6] The soil is fertile, and very highly cultivated, bearing good crops of rice, sugarcane, and wheat and orchards of mango and guava. Maize, gram, corn,[vague] mustard are other major crops
Climate
Azamgarh experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) with large variations between summer and winter temperatures.[7][8] Summers are long, from early April to October with intervening monsoon seasons, and are also extremely hot, even by South Asian standards. The temperature ranges between 22 and 46°C (72 and 115°F) in the summers. Winters in Azamgarh see very large diurnal variations, with warm days and downright cold nights. Cold waves from the Himalayan region cause temperatures to dip across the city in the winter from December to February and temperatures below 5°C (41°F) are not uncommon. The average annual rainfall is 1,110mm (44in). Fog is common in the winters, while hot dry winds, called loo, blow in the summers.[9] In recent years, the water level of the Tamsa has decreased significantly.
As per the 2011 census, Azamgarh urban agglomeration had a population of 110,983, out of which males were 57,878, and females were 53,105.[12]
Literacy
The average literacy rate of Azamgarh town in 2011 was 70.93%, compared to 56.95% in 2001. Male and female literacy were 81.34% and 60.91% respectively. For the 2001 census, In Azamgarh district. the corresponding figures were 71.04% and 43.40%.[13]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 45.22% of the population recorded Hindi as their first language, while 37.46% recorded Bhojpuri and 16.99% Urdu.[14]
Transport
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2021)
Road
Azamgarh is connected with Lucknow 268km (167mi) and Delhi 761km (473mi) by road. It has one of the biggest bus depots in eastern Uttar Pradesh and regular bus services to almost all district headquarters of Uttar Pradesh and also to Delhi.
Train
Azamgarh station is one of the most important of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Azamgarh is directly connected to Delhi by Kaifiyat Express, to Mumbai by Mumbai LTT – Azamgarh Weekly Express, Godaan express, to Ahmedabad, the state capital Lucknow, Jaipur, Ajmer, and Amritsar, to Kolkata by KOAA AMH Express (13137).
Air
Azamgarh has a new airport Azamgarh Airport, 9km (5.6mi) away. The airport is under construction and not yet open.[when?][15]
Education
Azamgarh has a number of educational institutions ranging from basic educational institutions to the higher institution. There are a number of ITIs, Polytechnics, Nursing Schools, and medical college. Notable institutions include:
Azamgarh State University, established in 2019
Government Medical College and Super Facility Hospital, Azamgarh is a state medical college located at Chakrapanpur, Azamgarh.
Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh is a government engineering college and a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University).
Shibli National College offers graduate and postgraduate courses in Azamgarh. Its well known institution established in 1883 by Shibli Nomani, an Islamic scholar from Indian subcontinent during British Raj.[16]
Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997), Pakistani Islamic scholar, famous for his Urdu exegeses of Quran, Tadabbur-i-Qur'an
Frank F Islam, American entrepreneur, civic leader and writer. General Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 2013
Kanhaiya Lal Misra (1903–1975), Indian lawyer and independence activist, Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh from 1952 to 1969
Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi (born 1934), Indian Islamic scholar
Shibli Nomani (1857–1914) Indian Islamic scholar, historian, educationist and social reformer
Prem Chand Pandey, Indian scientist, founder-director National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
One or more of the preceding sentencesincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Azamgarh". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.3 (11thed.). Cambridge University Press. p.79.
Singh, Ram Bali (1975). Rajput Clan-settlements in Varanasi District. National Geographical Society of India. p.4. OCLC4702795.
Singh, Rana P.B.; Rana, Pravin S. (2002). Banaras region: a spiritual & cultural guide. Indica Books. p.27. ISBN9788186569245.
"Seasonal Weather Averages". Weather Underground. December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010., temperature data from Weather Underground
"Varanasi". Indian Meteorology Department. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2010., precipitation data from Indian Meteorology Department
"C-1 Population By Religious Community". Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2016. On this page, select "Uttar Pradesh" from the download menu
"The Azamgarh you don't know"; within Saikat Datta and Sharat Pradhan, "A place and its negative", Outlook, 6 October 2008, p.34. "Here". Outlook. 6 October 2008. at Google Books.
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