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Wilhelmshaven (German pronunciation: [vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfn̩] (listen), lit. Wilhelm's Harbour; Northern Low Saxon: Willemshaven) is a coastal town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the western side of the Jade Bight, a bay of the North Sea, and has a population of 76,089.[3] Wilhelmshaven is the centre of the "Jade Bay" business region (which has around 330,000 inhabitants) and is Germany's main military port.

Wilhelmshaven
Town
Location of Wilhelmshaven
Wilhelmshaven
Wilhelmshaven
Coordinates: 53°31′43″N 08°06′20″E
CountryGermany
StateLower Saxony
DistrictUrban district
Government
  Lord mayor (201924) Carsten Feist[1] (Ind.)
Area
  Total106.91 km2 (41.28 sq mi)
Elevation
2 m (7 ft)
Population
 (2020-12-31)[2]
  Total75,189
  Density700/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
26351–26389
Dialling codes04421, 04423, and 04425 (each partially)
Vehicle registrationWHV
Websitewww.wilhelmshaven.de

The adjacent Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park (part of the Wattenmeer UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site) provides the basis for the major tourism industry in the region.


History


The Siebethsburg castle [de], built before 1383, operated as a pirate stronghold; the Hanseatic League destroyed it in 1433. Four centuries later, the Kingdom of Prussia planned a fleet and a harbour on the North Sea. In 1853, Prince Adalbert of Prussia, a cousin of the Prussian King Frederick William IV, arranged the Jade Treaty (Jade-Vertrag) with the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, in which Prussia and the Grand Duchy entered into a contract whereby Oldenburg ceded 3.13 km2 (1.21 sq mi) of its territory at the Jade Bight to Prussia. In 1869 King William I of Prussia (later also German Emperor) founded the town as an exclave of the Province of Hanover and a naval base for Prussia's developing fleet. All the hinterland of the city remained as part of the Duchy of Oldenburg.

A shipbuilding yard developed at Wilhelmshaven, the Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven (Wilhelmshaven Imperial Shipyard). On 30 June 1934 the "pocket battleship" Admiral Graf Spee was launched at Wilhelmshaven.

In 1937 Wilhelmshaven and the adjacent village Rüstringen merged[4] and the united city, named Wilhelmshaven, became a part of the Free State of Oldenburg.


World War II


In World War II (1939–1945), Allied bombing destroyed two thirds of the town's buildings while the main target, the Naval Shipyard Wilhelmshaven, remained operational despite serious damage.[5] A major attack on residential areas of Wilhelmshaven was carried out on 15 October 1944. Various churches, hospitals, schools and many residential buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.[6] On 28 April 1945, the Canadian First Army captured Emden and the Polish First Armored Division captured Wilhelmshaven, and took the surrender of the entire garrison, including some 200 ships of the Kriegsmarine.[citation needed] The Poles remained as part of the Allied occupation forces until 1947. During the war, Alter Banter Weg (No. 1582 Wilhelmshaven), functioned as a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.[citation needed]


Since 1945


In 1947 the city council decided to seek a new emblem for the city. After the Control Commission for Germany – British Element (CCG/BE) had rejected several designs, Wilhelmshaven selected the image of a Frisian warrior (Rüstringer Friese), designed after a nail man erected in the city during the First World War to collect war donations.

Between 1947 and 1972 Wilhelmshaven was the home of Prince Rupert School, a comprehensive boarding school for children of British Army of the Rhine and Royal Air Force Germany personnel serving in West Germany. The school relocated to Rinteln in Lower Saxony in 1972, and closed in 2014. There is an active association of former Wilhelmshaven pupils called The Wilhelmshaven Association. After World War II the shipyard was totally disarmed under the British Commander in Chief, and of course many military buildings were damaged or vacant. While it was prohibited to establish any kind of military-linked businesses, Wilhelmshaven took the opportunity to provide a convenient location for Olympia Werke, which became one of the most popular quality typewriter factories in the world. A workforce of 7,000 worker was employed there in 1953.[7]

A liquefied natural gas terminal for LNG ships is being built at Wilhelmshaven in 2022. Planning began in 2017,[8] but regulatory impediments delayed construction for years.[9] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as gas commitments from the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 undersea Baltic pipelines became unreliable to unavailable, construction of the Wilhelmshaven LNG terminal was rapidly accelerated, with the aim of being operational to receive LNG in late 2022.[10][9][11]

Largest groups of foreign residents (as of 31 December 2018):[citation needed]

 Syria1,465
 Poland594
 Iraq468
 Turkey467
 Greece423
 Romania410
 Bulgaria238
 Serbia190
 China164

Today


Wilhelmshaven and its city districts
Wilhelmshaven and its city districts

Wilhelmshaven is Germany's only deep-water port, and its largest naval base. Concerning the new plans for the Bundeswehr which took shape in 2011 it has become the largest military base in Germany as well.[12] The benefits of the deep shipping channel were already recognised at the end of the 1950s with the construction of the first oil tanker jetty. Wilhelmshaven has been the most important German import terminal for crude oil ever since.[citation needed] Pipelines from here supply refineries in the Rhine-Ruhr region and Hamburg. Other major business operations followed, and constructed jetties for crude oil and oil products, coal, and chemical products. Construction of a liquified natural gas (LNG) import regasification facility began in May 2022 to displace some of the pipeline gas imported from Russia.[13]

One of the main industrial sectors in Wilhelmshaven is the port industry with its wharves, sea port service companies, service providers and repair businesses, transhipment and handling businesses, and agencies, etc. The "JadeWeserPort" – Container Terminal Wilhelmshaven (CTW), operational since 2012 and the development of the neighbouring Freight Village provide prospects for employment in areas such as logistics and distribution. In 2016 Eurogate increased transhipment volume up to 480,000 Container (TEU). And since Volkswagen is interested in using the deep-water facilities the number of employed workers is assumed to rise from 400 to 600.[14]

Another element of the "Wilhelmshaven energy hub" programme is the chemical industry (refinery, PVC, and chlorine gas production), as well as power generation (two coal-fired power stations, wind power).[citation needed]

The German defence forces (German Navy, navy arsenal, logistics centre) together with the public sector, are the main pillars of the local employment market.[citation needed]


Sights


Town Hall
Town Hall
The Jadestadion, the stadium of SV Wilhelmshaven
The Jadestadion, the stadium of SV Wilhelmshaven
Ruins of Sibetsburg Castle
Ruins of Sibetsburg Castle
Christus-und-Garnisonskirche
Christus-und-Garnisonskirche
Windmill Kopperhörner Mühle
Windmill Kopperhörner Mühle

Every year in the first days of July, the big "Weekend on the Jade" event attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors to the big port, the southern beach and the navy arsenal. Another big event takes place at the end of the sailing season at the beginning of October when two dozen large sailing ships dock in Wilhelmshaven as part of the "JadeWeserPort Cup".


Notable people


Thomas Hengelbrock, 2012
Thomas Hengelbrock, 2012

Twin towns – sister cities


Wilhelmshaven is twinned with:[19]


See also



Citations


  1. "Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen". Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen. April 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen, LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2020.
  3. "Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen". Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. "Wilhelmshaven". Luftschutzbunker Wilhelmshaven. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  5. "Angriffe und Statistik". Homepage Luftschutzbunker Wilhelmshaven. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  6. "Uwe Karwath | Wilhelmshaven – Sehenswürdigkeiten von a bis Z – Teil 3". Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  7. "Olympiawerke jetzt AG = Die Zeit". 22 July 1954. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  8. "Zeitung: LNG-Terminal in Wilhelmshaven wieder in Planung". Gas-Magazin (in German). Berlin. 20 October 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  9. "Germany to upgrade two ports 'quickly' to receive shipped gas". Politico. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  10. Oltermann, Philip (8 August 2022). "'We got too comfortable': the race to build an LNG terminal in north Germany". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  11. "Germany says fifth floating LNG terminal to be built by end of 2022". Reuters. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  12. "Wilhelmshaven wächst zum größten Bundeswehrstandort". Hamburger Abendblatt. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  13. Villegas, Paulina; Morris, Loveday (5 May 2022). "Germany begins construction of liquefied natural gas terminal". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  14. Wolschner, Klaus (5 October 2017), "VW entdeckt Wilhelmshaven", Tageszeitung TAZ: 41
  15. "Uwe Karwath | Wilhelmshaven – Sehenswürdigkeiten von a bis Z – Teil 4". Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  16. de:St.-Jakobi-Kirche (Neuende)
  17. "Uwe Karwath | Wilhelmshaven – Sehenswürdigkeiten von a bis Z – Teil 1". Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  18. "Uwe Karwath | Wilhelmshaven – Sehenswürdigkeiten von a bis Z – Teil 2". Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  19. "Wilhelmshavens Städtepartnerschaften und Städtefreundschaften". wilhelmshaven.de (in German). Wilhelmshaven. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2021.

General sources





На других языках


[de] Wilhelmshaven

Wilhelmshaven [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}…ˈhaːfən] (niederdeutsch Willemshaven) ist eine kreisfreie Stadt im Nordwesten Deutschlands. Sie liegt an der Nordwestküste des Jadebusens, einer etwa 190 km² großen Meeresbucht an der Nordsee. Die Mittelstadt hat 75.027 Einwohner und ist ein Oberzentrum. Seit 2006 gehört Wilhelmshaven zur Metropolregion Nordwest, einer von insgesamt elf europäischen Metropolregionen in Deutschland.
- [en] Wilhelmshaven

[es] Wilhelmshaven

Wilhelmshaven (lit. Puerto de Guillermo) es una ciudad del norte de Alemania, situada en la parte occidental de la bahía de Jade (Jadebusen). En 1853 el terreno fue comprado por Prusia al Gran Ducado de Oldemburgo, con el fin de construir un puerto. Fue fundada en 1869 y llamada en honor a su fundador, Guillermo I («Wilhelm» en alemán). Con 83.552 habitantes es la más grande del centro superior del Estado federado (Bundesland) de Baja Sajonia (Niedersachsen). La ciudad tiene categoría de kreisfreie Stadt en la ría y por esto ha tenido desde siempre tradición de puerto marino. En una parte de su bahía se extrae petróleo. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue una base importante de los U-Boot alemanes. Se destruyó el 60 % de la ciudad. Fue tomada por los aliados el 6 de mayo de 1945.

[ru] Вильгельмсхафен

Вильгельмсха́фен (нем. Wilhelmshaven [vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfən], н.-нем. Willemshaven) — город окружного подчинения на северо-западе Германии, в Нижней Саксонии. Население: 75,9 тыс. человек (2013).



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