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Greiz (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaɪ̯t͡s] (listen)) is a town in Thuringia, and it is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia on the river White Elster.

Greiz
Town
Greiz, Thuringia
Location of Greiz within Greiz district
BergaHartmannsdorfHirschfeldWeidaLindaRonneburgRückersdorfSaaraWeidaSchwarzbachWeidaWeidaWünschendorf
Greiz
Greiz
Coordinates: 50°39′17″N 12°11′59″E
CountryGermany
StateThuringia
DistrictGreiz
Subdivisions10
Government
  Mayor (201824) Alexander Schulze[1] (CDU)
Area
  Total84.87 km2 (32.77 sq mi)
Elevation
265 m (869 ft)
Population
 (2020-12-31)[2]
  Total20,108
  Density240/km2 (610/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
07973
Dialling codes03661
Vehicle registrationGRZ, ZR
Websitewww.greiz.de

Greiz has a large park in its center (Fürstlich Greizer Park)[3] which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße with their Jugendstil houses are well known examples of that architectural style. Prof.-Dr.-Friedrich-Schneider-Straße 4 is one of the earliest examples of Art Deco architecture (built in 1911).


History


As with other nearby settlements, the place name (originally Grouts) is of Slavic origin and means gord. The first documented mention of the settlement dates from 1209. The prime location of Greiz on the confluence of the White Elster river and its tributary Göltzsch helped to make it a fast-growing town. It was recognized as a town in the 13th century. Later the House of Reuss, a ruling German dynasty whose male members were all named Heinrich, built 2 castles in Greiz: the "Oberes Schloss" (Upper Castle) and the "Unteres Schloss" (Lower Castle). Both were built by famous architects and are still considered unique. Greiz became the capital of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz (until 1918).

Greiz town center
Greiz town center

Between 1934 and 1943 809 people were forcibly sterilized by Nazis in the district hospital in Wichmannstraße. The local old folk's home and the care home submitted 122 sick people to the euthanasia program Aktion T4.

During World War II hundreds of prisoners of war as well as men and women from countries occupied by Nazi Germany worked as forced laborers in Sorgwald near Thalbach, a village about 2 km south-east of Greiz and in other enterprises. At least 102 of them died. There is a memorial for them in the Old Cemetery.

There is also a monument to the officer Kurt von Westernhagen, who refused orders in April 1945 to blow up the bridge and defend the town, for which he was shot by the Gestapo.[4]

During World War II, Greiz did not suffer much damage, although 3 of the 5 bridges in town were destroyed. In 1941, Ulf Merbold , who became in 1983 the first astronaut from West Germany was born in 1943.

Greiz has a population of about 20,400 people. The former municipality Neumühle/Elster was merged into Greiz in December 2019.


Economy


In addition to a chemical works and a disused paper factory there are mechanical engineering operations, plastics manufacturing businesses, wood machining enterprises, medical technology, suppliers to the automobile industry, printing houses and breweries. In recent years various high tech businesses (sensor technology, climate simulators, micro-chip production) and environmental technology companies developed.


Neighbouring towns and districts


The following are the districts adjacent to Greiz:

Adjacent towns include:


Transport


Greiz station is on the Gera Süd–Weischlitz railway.


Demographics


The current population is about 20,400. Like many towns in the former East Germany, Greiz has suffered from population decline in recent years.

Population from 1800 to 2016
Population from 1800 to 2016
Number of inhabitants (since 1960 as of 31st December)
YearPop.±%
18004,000    
18335,600+40.0%
188517,288+208.7%
190523,114+33.7%
193139,281+69.9%
1946[lower-alpha 1]45,410+15.6%
1950[lower-alpha 2]42,520−6.4%
196039,097−8.1%
197138,608−1.3%
198136,684−5.0%
YearPop.±%
198435,822−2.3%
199430,206−15.7%
199529,402−2.7%
199628,610−2.7%
199727,992−2.2%
199827,324−2.4%
199926,706−2.3%
200026,177−2.0%
200125,605−2.2%
200225,037−2.2%
YearPop.±%
200324,591−1.8%
200424,199−1.6%
200523,764−1.8%
200623,368−1.7%
200722,936−1.8%
200822,548−1.7%
200922,150−1.8%
201021,792−1.6%
201121,310−2.2%
201221,580+1.3%
YearPop.±%
201321,284−1.4%
201421,111−0.8%
201521,042−0.3%
201620,920−0.6%
201720,517−1.9%
201820,103−2.0%
201920,392+1.4%
Source: Data source since 1994: Thüringian Federal Bureau of Statistics
  1. Census 29 October
  2. Census 31 August

References


  1. Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht, Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.
  2. "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden, erfüllenden Gemeinden und Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thüringen Gebietsstand: 31.12.2020". Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik (in German). June 2021.
  3. "Übersicht über den Fürstlich Greizer Park" (in German). Freundeskreis Greizer Park e.V. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  4. Thüringer Verband der Verfolgten des Naziregimes – Bund der Antifaschisten und Studienkreis deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 (Hrsg.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser zu Stätten des Widerstandes und der Verfolgung 1933–1945. (= Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser, Band 8.) Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0, S. 111 ff.



На других языках


[de] Greiz

Greiz ist eine Stadt im Südosten Thüringens, unmittelbar an der Landesgrenze zu Sachsen gelegen. Sie ist die Kreisstadt des Landkreises Greiz und Mittelzentrum für den südlichen Teil des Landkreises. Die Stadt liegt im Tal der Weißen Elster im thüringischen Vogtland. Wegen ihrer reizvollen Lage in einem Talkessel und ihrer zahlreichen historischen Bauten trägt sie den Beinamen „Perle des Vogtlandes“. Greiz war die Residenzstadt des Fürstentums Reuß älterer Linie, das bis 1918 als selbstständiger Bundesstaat im Deutschen Kaiserreich bestand und vom Haus Reuß regiert wurde. Von 1922 bis 1950 war Greiz kreisfreie Stadt im Land Thüringen.
- [en] Greiz

[ru] Грайц

Грайц (также старое Грейц; нем. Greiz) — город в Германии, районный центр, расположен в земле Тюрингия.



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