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Gaillac (French pronunciation: ​[ɡajak]; Occitan: Galhac) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. It had in 2013 a population of 14,334 inhabitants.

Gaillac
Commune
The Place du Griffoul, in Gaillac
Coat of arms
Location of Gaillac
Gaillac
Gaillac
Coordinates: 43°54′05″N 1°53′57″E
CountryFrance
RegionOccitania
DepartmentTarn
ArrondissementAlbi
CantonGaillac
IntercommunalityCA Gaillac-Graulhet
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Martine Souquet
Area
1
50.93 km2 (19.66 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2019)[1]
15,265
 • Density300/km2 (780/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
81099 /81600
Elevation105–288 m (344–945 ft)
(avg. 140 m or 460 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Its inhabitants are called Gaillacois.


Geography


Gaillac is a town situated between Toulouse, Albi and Montauban. It has gained much recognition due to the wines that bear the town's name. The river Tarn runs along the border of the town by the south, east and west. It lies 50 km north-east of Toulouse. It is a market town and is the commercial centre of the north-west of Tarn.

The local wine of Gaillac, first made almost two thousand years ago, is of two official appellations (AOC). The terroir is made up of clay, limestone, sand and silex soils. Gaillac receives more sunshine than Bordeaux and is graced by a cool maritime climate. Duras is the name both of the grape that is native to this area and of an AOC and town just northwest of the two "Gaillac" designations.


History


The town was founded in the second century CE by the Gauls who created a river port where they exported their wine into Gallia Narbonensis. When Aquitania was conquered by Rome, Gaillac gained prosperity with its wine. However, the barbarian invasions annihilated the town and left nothing behind. It was only when the monks of Saint-Michel gained viticulture privileges from the Bishop of Albi, in 972, that the population stabilized and Gaillac started to become a town again. Their wines were at first sent to Bordeaux where they would be exported to England. The Abbey of St. Michel was constructed in the 10th century and rebuilt in 1271. In 1524 the abbey was secularized but the title of abbey retained.

During the religious wars, the "Gaillacois" refused to change their religion and remained Catholics and were chased out of the town by Protestants. They took refuge at Castelnau-de-Montmiral. After the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre on 24 August 1572, in Paris, the Gaillacois massacred 74 out of the 90 Huguenots in the town. The abbey was once again rebuilt between 1572-1620. In the seventeenth century the Chateau of Foucaud was erected.

It was from the town of Gaillac that Louis-Philippe I addressed the words:

Nous chercherons à nous tenir dans un juste milieu, également éloigné des excès du pouvoir populaire et des abus du pouvoir royal.

Which may be translated: "We seek to keep ourselves in proper state, aloof from both the excesses of popular power and the abuses of royal power." This sentence would define the July Monarchy.


Population


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 10,315—    
1975 10,573+0.35%
1982 10,389−0.25%
1990 10,378−0.01%
1999 11,073+0.72%
2007 12,939+1.97%
2012 13,820+1.33%
2017 15,294+2.05%
Source: INSEE[2]

Administration


The mayors of the town have been:


Transport


Gaillac station has rail connections to Toulouse, Aurillac, Albi and Rodez. Tessonnières station is on the line to Albi.


Sport



Twin towns



Notable people



See also



References


  1. "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
  2. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaillac.

На других языках

[de] Gaillac

Gaillac (okzitanisch Galhac) ist eine französische Stadt mit 15.265 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2019) im Département Tarn in der Region Okzitanien ca. 37 Kilometer nordöstlich von Toulouse am Tarn gelegen.
- [en] Gaillac

[ru] Гайак

Гайак (фр. Gaillac, окс. Galhac) — город, муниципалитет (коммуна) во Франции, в регионе Юг — Пиренеи, департамент Тарн, округ Альби.


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