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Kolín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkoliːn]; German: Kolin, Neu Kolin, Collin) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 32,000 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

Kolín
Town
Town hall on the Karlovo Square
Flag Coat of arms
Kolín Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°1′41″N 15°12′2″E
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Central Bohemian
District	Kolín
First mentioned	1261
Government
• Mayor	Michael Kašpar (STAN)
Area
• Total	34.99 km2 (13.51 sq mi)
Elevation	220 m (720 ft)
Population  (2022-01-01)[1]
• Total	32,046
• Density	920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	280 02
Website	www.mukolin.cz

Administrative parts

Kolín is made up of town parts of Kolín I–VI and of villages of Sendražice, Šťáralka, Štítary and Zibohlavy.

Etymology

The name Kolín probably comes from the Old Czech verb koliti, i.e. "to hammer poles", and is related to the location of Starý Kolín in the often flooded area at the confluence of Klejnárka and Elbe. The soil in the vicinity of the confluence was strengthened with the help of wooden poles.[2]

Geography

Kolín lies about 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of Prague. It lies in a fertile landscape of the Central Elbe Table lowland. The town is located on the Elbe River. In the eastern part of the municipal territory is Sandberk, an artificial lake created by flooding a sandstone quarry.

History

Ptolemy's world map mentions Budorgis in the Kolín's area in the 2nd century.[3]

Kolín was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in the 13th century by relocation, when Starý Kolín ("Old Kolín") was threatened by floods and the king decided to move the settlement. The first written mention of Kolín is from 1261, when it was mentioned that Přelouč obtain town privileges, same as Kolín and Kouřim have. It lay on a trade route Prague–Český Brod–Čáslav–Moravia.[4]

In 1437–1438, a castle was founded in Kolín. It was built on ruins of a burned down monastery. During the Thirty Years' War, it was damaged, and in the 17th century, it was rebuilt to a brewery. In 1911, the castle burned down and its Renaissance look disappeared.[5]

The 1757 Battle of Kolín was fought during the Seven Years' War, and in 1944 a refinery in Kolín was bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. Zyklon B for Nazi concentration camps was produced there.

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1869 10,239 —     1880 12,538 +22.5% 1890 14,481 +15.5% 1900 16,339 +12.8% 1910 18,138 +11.0%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 18,029 −0.6% 1930 20,568 +14.1% 1950 22,528 +9.5% 1961 25,301 +12.3% 1970 28,538 +12.8%	Year Pop. ±% 1980 32,501 +13.9% 1991 31,595 −2.8% 2001 30,258 −4.2% 2011 30,922 +2.2% 2021 31,950 +3.3%
Source: Censuses[6][7]

Economy

In Kolín is the smaller part of Kolín-Ovčáry Industrial Zone, known mostly for the factory of the automobile manufacturing company TPCA.[8] As of 2020, TPCA employs 2,400 people and it is the most important employer in the region.[9]

Kolín is home to the packaging and paper manufacturer, OTK company.

Sights

The historical centre of the town has many gothic and baroque buildings. Most notable are the main market (Karlovo Square) with the Neo-Renaissance town hall, and Church of Saint Bartholomew from the 13th century, rebuilt in 1360 by the architect Peter Parler.[4][10]

In Kolín there is the original Jewish ghetto with a synagogue from 1696. It is the second oldest and most valuable synagogue in Bohemia.[11] The Jewish cemetery is one of the oldest and largest Jewish cemeteries in Bohemia. It was established in the first half of the 15th century.[12]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Kolín is twinned with:[13]

• Dietikon, Switzerland
• Duino-Aurisina, Italy
• Érd, Hungary
• Kamenz, Germany
• Lubań, Poland
• Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia

References

External links

• Official website
• Kolín pictures

На других языках

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[de] Kolín

Kolín anhören?/i (deutsch Kolin, älter auch Köln[3], Cölln, Neu-Kolin bzw. Collin) ist eine tschechische Stadt in der mittelböhmischen Region, knapp 60 km östlich von Prag. Die Stadt liegt an der Elbe sowie an einem wichtigen Eisenbahnknoten. Bis 1995 endete hier die Elbschifffahrt.

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- [en] Kolín

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[fr] Kolín

Kolín (en allemand : Kolin ou Kolin an der Elbe) est une ville de la région de Bohême-Centrale, en République tchèque, et le chef-lieu du district de Kolín. Sa population s'élevait à 31 973 habitants en 2020[1].

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[it] Kolín

Kolín (in tedesco Kolin o Köln an der Elbe) è una città della Repubblica Ceca, capoluogo del distretto omonimo, in Boemia Centrale. Dista 55 km a est dalla capitale Praga, costeggiando il fiume Elba.

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