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Hongkou (help·info), formerly spelled Hongkew, is a district of Shanghai, forming part of the northern urban core. It has a land area of 23.48 km2 (9.07 sq mi) and a population of 852,476 as of 2010.

Hongkou
虹口区
District
The View of The North Bund, Hongkou, Shanghai
Hongkou in Shanghai
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityShanghai
Area
 • Total23.48 km2 (9.07 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total1,312,700
 • Density56,000/km2 (140,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Hongkou District
Simplified Chinese虹口区
Traditional Chinese虹口區
PostalHongkew

It is the location of the Astor House Hotel, Broadway Mansions, Lu Xun Park, and Hongkou Football Stadium. It was once known as Shanghai's "Little Tokyo"

Hongkou is home to the Shanghai International Studies University (SISU), the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE), and the 1933 Old Millfun.


History


During the Tang dynasty, the area in modern Hongkou District have been a beach included in a seawall (捍海塘) near the East China Sea. In the early Ming dynasty, it was started known as 黃埔口 (Huangpukou) or 洪口 (Hongkou), as there is a river mouth debouched into the Huangpu River, in the early Qing dynasty, it was renamed as 虹口 (Hongkou).[1]

In 1845, an American bishop W. J. Boone bought an area in there, it was later evolved as the American Concession in Shanghai in 1848 and merged into the International Concession in 1863, it was in large part reduced to rubble during the Second World war when Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese.[2] 20,000 Ashkenazi Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe lived in an overcrowded square-mile section known to as the Shanghai Ghetto, in the Tilanqiao neighborhood of Hongkew.[3]

In 1947, it was renamed as Hongkou District.


Subdistricts


Hongkou is responsible for the administration of the following subdistricts.

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinShanghainese RomanizationPopulation (2010)[4]Area (km2)
Ouyang Road Subdistrict欧阳路街道Ōuyánglù Jiēdàooe yan lu ka do73,3281.67
Quyang Road Subdistrict曲阳路街道Qūyánglù Jiēdàochioq yan lu ka do102,5643.05
Guangzhong Road Subdistrict广中路街道Guǎngzhōnglù Jiēdàokuaon tzon lu ka do122,6692.89
Jiaxing Road Subdistrict嘉兴路街道Jiāxìnglù Jiēdàocia ka xin lu ka do125,6342.63
Liangcheng Xincun Subdistrict凉城新村街道Liángchéng Xīncūn Jiēdàolian zen sin tsen ka do98,0943.14
Sichuan North Road Subdistrict四川北路街道Sìchuānběilù Jiēdàosy tseu poq lu ka do87,4012.33
Tilanqiao Subdistrict提篮桥街道Tílán qiáo Jiēdàotiq leh djio ka do113,7512.36
Jiangwanzhen Subdistrict江湾镇街道Jiāngwānzhèn Jiēdàokaon ue tzen ka do129,0354.17

Economy


A look at the Bao Steel Building in Hongkou
A look at the Bao Steel Building in Hongkou

Previously Lianhua Supermarket had its Shanghai office in the district.[5]


Schools



International schools


Russian Consulate School in Shanghai is a Russian overseas primary school operated by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, located on the grounds of the Consulate-General of Russia in Shanghai in Hongkou District.[6]


Transportation



Metro


Hongkou is currently served by five metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro:


References


  1. "虹口区志>>第一编境域·建置>>第一章境域>>第一节境域变迁" (in Chinese). Shanghai Office for Local Chronicles. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  2. Cosentino, Francesco. SHANGHAI FROM MODERNISM TO MODERNITY (Deluxe ed.). Lulu.com. p. 51. ISBN 9781312985674. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  3. James Griffiths (21 November 2013). "Shanghai's Forgotten Jewish Past". The Atlantic.
  4. Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  5. Lianhua 2003(?) Annual Report (Archive). Lianhua Supermarket. p. 2. "Registered Office 11th to 15th Floors 1666 Sichuan (North) Road Shanghai The PRC Place of Business in Hong Kong 26th to 27th Floors Harcourt Building 39 Gloucester Road Wanchai Hong Kong" - Traditional Chinese (Archive): "註冊辦事處 中國上海 四川北路1666號 11至15樓 香港營業地點 香港灣仔告士打道39號 夏愨大廈26至27樓"
  6. "Контакты" (Archive). Russian Consulate School in Shanghai. Retrieved on April 14, 2015. "Адрес: 200080, КНР, г. Шанхай ул. Хуанпу № 20. English: 200000, PRC, Shanghai, Hong Kou Qu Districs [sic], 20 Huang Pu Lu"

Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hongkou District.


На других языках

- [en] Hongkou District

[ru] Хункоу

Хунко́у (кит. упр. 虹口, пиньинь Hóngkǒu) — район городского подчинения города центрального подчинения Шанхай (КНР). Расположен к северу от городского центра. Название района («Устье Хун») происходит от названия реки, впадающей здесь в реку Хуанпу (сейчас эта речка называется Хункоуган (虹口港, «залив при устье Хун»), в старину называлась Шахун (沙洪, «Песчаный поток»)).


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