world.wikisort.org - Spain

Baena is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia. It is situated near the river Marbella [es] on the slope of a hill 52 kilometres (32 mi) southeast of Córdoba by road. The population of the town is 20,266 (2012).

Baena
Municipality
Flag Coat of arms
Baena Show map of Spain Baena Show map of Andalusia
Coordinates: 37°37′10″N 4°19′34″W
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Andalusia
Province	Córdoba
Comarca	Campiña de Baena
Government
• Mayor	María Jesús Serrano Jiménez (PSOE)
Area
• Total	362.5 km2 (140.0 sq mi)
Elevation (AMSL)	405 m (1,329 ft)
Population  (2018)[1]
• Total	19,338
• Density	53/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST (GMT +2))
Postal code	14850
Area code(s)	+34 (Spain) + 957 (Córdoba)
Website	Town Hall

History

The site of the Roman town (Baniana or Biniana)[2] could still be traced as late as the First World War, with various Roman antiquities excavated from the site.[3] In 1833, a subterranean vault was discovered, containing twelve cinerary urns with inscriptions commemorating members of the Pompeian family.[2]

Following the demise of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the town was ravaged by Berbers, bringing its prosperity to an end.[4]

Once conquered Córdoba, Ferdinand III rapidly acquired a number of towns in the Campiña—including Baena—in 1241, probably meeting no resistance.[5]

The hill is crowned by fortifications. In 1292, Nasrid Granada, ruled by Mahommed II, unsuccessfully besieged the citadel, which was held for Sancho IV;[3] the five Moorish heads in its coat-of-arms commemorates the occasion.[2] The castile was a base for Gonzalo de Cordova and was held in the 19th century by the Altamira family.[2] At that time, it held four parish churches and three schools conducted by sisters of charity. The girls' school held a high reputation in its province, despite not going beyond reading, writing, arithmetic, and religious instruction.[2] Its population was around 12,000 in the 1870s[2] and 15,000 by the turn of the century.[3] Grain and olive oil were the principal articles of commerce in the 19th century;[2] by the time of the First World War, horse-breeding and linen-weaving had also developed, despite the nearest railroad station being at Luque.[3]

At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War the town was the scenario of the Baena Massacre, a ruthless mass-execution of Spanish republicans where about 700 loyalists were murdered by the orders of rebel Colonel Sáenz de Buruaga.[6][7][8] Other estimates mention up to 2,000 victims following the brutal repression in Baena.[9]

High-quality olive oil continues to be the mainstay of the local economy.^{[citation needed]} Sierras Subbéticas Natural Park is located to the south of the town.^{[citation needed]}

Notable residents

• Gonzalo de Cordova[2]
• Juan de Penalosa[2]

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Martín Escudero, Fátima (2002). "Baena en época islámica: fuentes, arqueología, documentos..." Arqueología y Territorio Medieval. Jaén: UJA Editorial. 9: 37–51. doi:10.17561/aytm.v9i0.1571. ISSN 1134-3184.
• Baena at andalucia.com
• Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Baena" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 229.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Baena" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 191.

На других языках

---

- [en] Baena

---

[es] Baena

Baena es un municipio español situado en la provincia de Córdoba, en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. El municipio se encuentra en la comarca de la Campiña de Baena y es cabeza del partido judicial homónimo y al cual se acogen los municipios de Luque, Valenzuela, la pedanía de Albendín y siete caseríos menores. En el año 2021 contaba con 18 885 habitantes. Su extensión superficial es de 362,51 km² y tiene una densidad de 53,86 hab/km².

---

[ru] Баэна

Баэна (исп. Baena) — населённый пункт и муниципалитет в Испании, входит в провинцию Кордова, в составе автономного сообщества Андалусия. Муниципалитет находится в составе района (комарки) Кампиния-де-Баэна. Занимает площадь 361 км². Население 20862 человека (на 2010 год). Расстояние 62 км до административного центра провинции.

---

---