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Engels (Russian: Э́нгельс, IPA: [ˈɛnɡʲɪlʲs]), formerly known as Pokrovsk and Kosakenstadt, is a city in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is a port located on the Volga River across from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast, and is connected to it with a bridge. It is the second-largest city in Saratov Oblast with a population of 202,419 (2010 Census)[2]. Historically an important center for Volga Germans, the city was known jointly as Pokrovsk in Russian and as Kosakenstadt in German, until it was renamed after Friedrich Engels in 1931. Engels served as the capital of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1941.

For other places with the same name, see Engels (inhabited locality).

Engels
Энгельс
City[1]
A monument to the coat of arms of Engels
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Engels
Engels
Location of Engels
Engels
Engels (European Russia)
Engels
Engels (Europe)
Coordinates: 51°30′N 46°07′E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSaratov Oblast[1]
Founded1747
City status since1914
Elevation
20 m (70 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total202,419
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3]
226,176 (+11.7%)
 • Rank92nd in 2010
Administrative status
 • Subordinated toEngels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
 • Capital ofEngelssky District[4], Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
Municipal status
 • Municipal districtEngelssky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementEngels Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofEngelssky Municipal District[6], Engels Urban Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+4 (MSK+1 [7])
Postal code(s)[8]
413100–413102, 413105–413108, 413110–413119, 413121–413125, 413129
Dialing code(s)+7 8453
OKTMO ID63650101001
Websitewww.engels.me

It was previously known as Pokrovskaya sloboda (until 1914), Pokrovsk (until 1931).


History


Engels was founded as a sloboda named Pokrovskaya Sloboda by Ukrainian Chumak settlers in 1747. During the reign of Catherine the Great, ethnic Germans were encouraged to settle in the Volga region and many moved into the town, making it a major center of the Volga German culture. It was granted official town status and renamed Pokrovsk (Покровск) in 1914.[citation needed]. At that time, the town was commonly known as Kosakenstadt ("Cossacks' Town") in German, alongside its official Russian name. During the Russian Civil War the region came under control of the communist Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and in 1918 it became the capital of the newly established Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the RSFSR. Pokrovsk/Kosakenstadt was renamed Engels in 1931[citation needed], in honour of German communist philosopher Friedrich Engels. The Volga German ASSR was disestablished in 1941 following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and the city became part of Saratov Oblast. Its German inhabitants suffered persecution as Soviet authorities feared they could be spies for Nazi Germany. All Germans were expelled from Engels, with most being sent to far away in Siberia and the Kazakh SSR. On August 26, 2011, a monument in honor of the Russian-German victims of repression within the Soviet Union was unveiled in the city.


Administrative and municipal status


Within the framework of administrative divisions, Engels serves as the administrative center of Engelssky District,[4] even though it is not a part of it.[9] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated separately as Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[9]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction, together with the work settlement of Privolzhsky and one rural locality (the settlement of Geofizik) in Engelssky District, are incorporated within Engelssky Municipal District as Engels Urban Settlement.[5]


Economy


Engels is an industrial city. The Trolza factory manufactures trolleybuses for Russia's public transportation networks. The Engelssky factory of transport mechanical engineering produces rolling stock for railways. The Bosch-Saratov plant, previously Autotractor Spark Plugs, produces spark plugs, and the German Henkel company operates a factory producing domestic laundry detergent and chemical products for the auto-industry. The Engelssky pipe factory makes steel electro-welded pipes, steel water pipeline, and profile pipes.

In August 2015 a prototype 1520 mm gauge Bombardier Traxx F120MS locomotive was unveiled at a ceremony to mark the inauguration of First Locomotive Company's factory at Engels.[10]


Military


Engels-2, a major air force base, is located in the city.


Historical population


Year Population Reference
1897 22,000
1959 91,000
1970 130,000
1977 163,000
1989 181,201 [11]
2002 193,984 [12]
2010 202,419 [2]
2020 309,745

Sister cities



Notable people



References



Notes


  1. Charter of Saratov Oblast
  2. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  4. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 63 250», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 63 250, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  5. Law #106-ZSO
  6. Law #78-ZSO
  7. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  8. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  9. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 63 450», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 63 450, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  10. "Russian Traxx unveiled at Engels locomotive plant inauguration". railwaygazette.com. August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  11. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  12. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  13. "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.

Sources





На других языках

[de] Engels (Stadt)

Engels (russisch Э́нгельс; bis 1931 Pokrowsk/Покровск/deutsch zeitweise Kosakenstadt) ist eine Stadt in der Oblast Saratow in Russland. Sie hat 202.419 Einwohner (Stand 14. Oktober 2010).[1] Von 1924 bis 1941 war die Stadt Verwaltungssitz der autonomen Wolgadeutschen Republik. Sie ist nach dem deutschen Philosophen und kommunistischen Revolutionär Friedrich Engels benannt.
- [en] Engels, Saratov Oblast

[ru] Энгельс (город)

Э́нгельс (до 1914 года — Покро́вская Слобода́, до 1931 года — Покро́вск) — город в Саратовской области России, второй по числу жителей город области. Административный центр Энгельсского муниципального района и входящего в него муниципального образования город Энгельс со статусом городского поселения.


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