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Oldham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Oldham, England. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created by the Great Reform Act of 1832 and was abolished for the 1950 general election when it was split into the Oldham East and Oldham West constituencies.

Oldham
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
1832–1950
Number of memberstwo
Replaced byOldham East and Oldham West
Created fromLancashire

The Oldham constituency was where Winston Churchill began his political career. Although taking two attempts to succeed, in the 1900 general election Churchill was elected as the member of Parliament for Oldham. He held the constituency for the Conservative Party until he defected from them in defence of free trade in 1904. He then represented the Liberal Party as MP for the seat until the 1906 general election.


Boundaries


Though centred on Oldham (the town), the constituency covered a much broader territory; Shaw and Crompton, Royton, Chadderton and Lees all formed part of this district, though these were each granted individual urban district status at a local government level in 1894.


Members of Parliament


Election1st Member [1]1st Party2nd Member [1]2nd Party
1832 John Fielden Radical[2][3][4][5] William Cobbett Radical[2][3]
1835 by-election John Frederick Lees Conservative[3]
1837 William Augustus Johnson Radical[6][3][4]
1847 William Johnson Fox Radical[7][2][8][9][10] John Duncuft Peelite[11][12]
1852 John Morgan Cobbetta Radical[2][13][14]
1852 by-election William Johnson Fox Radical[7][2][8][9][10]
1857 James Platt Radical[15][16]
1857 by-election William Johnson Fox Radical[7][2][8][9]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1862 by-election J. T. Hibbert Liberal
1865 John Platt Liberal
1872 by-election John Morgan Cobbett a Conservative
1874 Frederick Spinks Conservative
1877 by-election J. T. Hibbert Liberal
1880 Hon. Edward Stanley Liberal
1885 James Mackenzie Maclean Conservative
1886 Elliott Lees Conservative
1892 Joshua Milne Cheetham Liberal J. T. Hibbert Liberal
1895 Robert Ascroft Conservative James Francis Oswald Conservative
1899 by-election Rt Hon. Alfred Emmott Liberal Walter Runciman Liberal
1900 Winston Churchill b Conservative
1904 Liberal
1906 John Albert Bright Liberal
1910 (Jan) Sir William Barton Liberal
1911 by-election Edmund Bartley-Denniss c Conservative
1918 Coalition Conservative Coalition Liberal
1922 Sir Edward Grigg National Liberal William John Tout Labour
1923 Liberal
1924 Duff Cooper Conservative
1925 by-election William Wiggins Liberal
1929 Rev. Gordon Lang Labour James Wilson Labour
1931 Anthony Crossley Conservative Hamilton Kerr Conservative
1935 John Dodd National Liberal
1945 Frank Fairhurst Labour Leslie Hale Labour
1950 Multi member constituency abolished - see Oldham East and Oldham West

Notes:-


Elections



Elections in the 1830s


General election 1832: Oldham (2 seats)[22][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical YJohn Fielden 677 43.0
Radical YWilliam Cobbett 645 40.9
Whig Benjamin Heywood Bright[23] 150 9.5
Tory William Burge 101 6.4
Whig George Stephen 3 0.2
Majority 495 31.4
Turnout 848 75.0
Registered electors 1,131
Radical win (new seat)
Radical win (new seat)
General election 1835: Oldham[22][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical YJohn Fielden Unopposed
Radical YWilliam Cobbett Unopposed
Registered electors 1,029
Radical hold
Radical hold

Cobbett's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 8 July 1835: Oldham (1 seat)[22][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative YJohn Frederick Lees 394 48.7
Radical John Morgan Cobbett 381 47.1
Radical Feargus O'Connor 34 4.2
Majority 13 1.6
Turnout 809 78.6
Registered electors 1,029
Conservative gain from Radical
General election 1837: Oldham[22][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical YWilliam Augustus Johnson 545 32.4
Radical YJohn Fielden 541 32.2
Conservative Joseph Jones 315 18.8
Conservative John Frederick Lees 279 16.6
Majority 226 13.4
Turnout 859 62.6
Registered electors 1,372
Radical hold
Radical hold

Elections in the 1840s


General election 1841: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical YJohn Fielden Unopposed
Radical YWilliam Augustus Johnson Unopposed
Registered electors 1,467
Radical hold
Radical hold
General election 1847: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical YWilliam Johnson Fox 726 27.3 N/A
Peelite YJohn Duncuft 696 26.2 New
Radical John Morgan Cobbett 624 23.5 N/A
Radical John Fielden 612 23.0 N/A
Turnout 1,329 (est) 78.6 (est) N/A
Registered electors 1,691
Majority 30 1.1 N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
Majority 72 2.7 N/A
Peelite gain from Radical Swing N/A

Elections in the 1850s


General election 1852: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical YJohn Morgan Cobbett 957 36.8 +13.3
Peelite YJohn Duncuft 868 33.4 +7.2
Radical William Johnson Fox 777 29.9 +2.6
Turnout 1,301 (est) 68.8 (est) −9.8
Registered electors 1,890
Majority 89 3.4 +2.3
Radical hold Swing +4.9
Majority 91 3.5 +0.8
Peelite hold Swing −11.6

Duncuft's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 3 December 1852: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical YWilliam Johnson Fox 895 53.3 −13.4
Conservative James Heald[24] 783 46.7 +13.3
Majority 112 6.7 N/A
Turnout 1,678 84.8 +16.0
Registered electors 1,978
Radical gain from Peelite Swing −13.3
General election 1857: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical YJohn Morgan Cobbett 949 34.1 −2.7
Radical YJames Platt 934 33.6 N/A
Radical William Johnson Fox 898 32.3 +2.4
Majority 36 1.3 −2.1
Turnout 1,391 (est) 66.3 (est) −2.5
Registered electors 2,098
Radical hold Swing N/A
Radical gain from Peelite Swing N/A

Platt's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 19 October 1857: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical William Johnson Fox Unopposed
Radical hold
General election 1859: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YWilliam Johnson Fox 1,039 35.1 +2.8
Liberal YJohn Morgan Cobbett 966 32.6 −1.5
Liberal J. T. Hibbert 955 32.3 N/A
Majority 11 0.3 −1.0
Turnout 1,480 (est) 68.8 (est) +2.5
Registered electors 2,151
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1860s


Fox's resignation caused a by-election.

By-election, 5 May 1862: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1865: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 1,104 28.1 −4.2
Liberal YJohn Platt 1,075 27.4 N/A
Liberal John Morgan Cobbett 899 22.9 −9.7
Conservative Frederick Spinks 846 21.6 N/A
Majority 176 4.5 +4.2
Turnout 1,962 (est) 85.9 (est) +17.1
Registered electors 2,285
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1868: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 6,140 25.1 −3.0
Liberal YJohn Platt 6,122 25.0 −2.4
Conservative John Morgan Cobbett 6,116 25.0 +2.1
Conservative Frederick Spinks 6,084 24.9 +3.3
Majority 6 0.0 −4.5
Turnout 12,231 (est) 90.9 (est) +5.0
Registered electors 13,454
Liberal hold Swing −2.9
Liberal hold Swing −2.6

Elections in the 1870s


Platt's death caused a by-election.

1872 Oldham by-election[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YJohn Morgan Cobbett 7,278 51.0 +1.1
Liberal Edward Stanley 6,984 49.0 −1.1
Majority 294 2.0 N/A
Turnout 14,262 88.8 −2.1
Registered electors 16,063
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.1
General election 1874: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YFrederick Spinks 8,582 25.3 +0.4
Conservative YJohn Morgan Cobbett 8,541 25.2 +0.2
Liberal J. T. Hibbert 8,397 24.8 -0.3
Liberal Edward Stanley 8,360 24.7 -0.3
Majority 144 0.4 N/A
Turnout 16,940 (est) 91.3 (est) +0.4
Registered electors 18,560
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +0.4
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +0.3

Cobbett's death caused a by-election.

1877 Oldham by-election[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 9,542 51.9 +2.4
Conservative Thomas Evans Lees[25] 8,831 48.1 -2.4
Majority 711 3.8 N/A
Turnout 18,373 90.7 -0.6
Registered electors 20,249
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.4

Elections in the 1880s


General election 1880: Oldham[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 10,630 27.5 +2.7
Liberal YEdward Stanley 10,409 27.0 +2.3
Conservative Frederick Spinks 8,982 23.3 −2.0
Conservative Smith Taylor-Whitehead[26] 8,593 22.3 −2.9
Majority 1,427 3.7 N/A
Turnout 19,307 (est) 91.6 (est) +0.3
Registered electors 21,084
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.4
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.6
General election 1885: Oldham[27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 12,259 25.7 −1.8
Conservative YJames Mackenzie Maclean 11,992 25.2 +1.9
Liberal Edward Stanley 11,847 24.9 −2.1
Conservative Smith Taylor-Whitehead[26] 11,491 24.9 +1.9
Turnout 24,016 93.8 +2.2 (est)
Registered electors 25,600
Majority 768 1.5 −2.2
Liberal hold Swing −1.9
Majority 145 0.3 N/A
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +2.0
Elliot Lees
Elliot Lees
General election 1886: Oldham[27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YJames Mackenzie Maclean 11,606 25.8 +0.6
Conservative YElliot Lees 11,484 25.6 +1.4
Liberal J. T. Hibbert 10,921 24.3 −1.4
Liberal Joshua Cheetham 10,891 24.3 −0.6
Majority 563 1.3 +1.0
Turnout 22,608 88.3 −5.5
Registered electors 25,600
Conservative hold Swing +0.6
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.4

Elections in the 1890s


General election 1892: Oldham[29][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YJoshua Cheetham 12,619 25.6 +1.3
Liberal YJ. T. Hibbert 12,541 25.4 +1.1
Conservative Elliot Lees 12,205 24.7 −0.8
Conservative James Mackenzie Maclean 11,952 24.2 −1.6
Majority 336 0.7 N/A
Turnout 24,857 (est) 89.0 +0.7
Registered electors 27,929
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +1.1
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +1.4
Robert Ascroft
Robert Ascroft
James Oswald
James Oswald
General election 1895: Oldham[29][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YRobert Ascroft 13,085 26.2 +1.5
Conservative YJames Oswald 12,465 25.0 +0.8
Liberal Adam Lee 12,249 24.6 −1.0
Liberal J. T. Hibbert 12,092 24.2 −1.2
Majority 216 0.4 N/A
Turnout 25,185 (est) 87.5 −1.5
Registered electors 28,783
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.2
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.0

Ascroft’s death and Oswald's resignation caused a by-election.

Walter Runciman
Walter Runciman
James Mawdsley
James Mawdsley

1899 Oldham by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YAlfred Emmott 12,976 26.7 +2.1
Liberal YWalter Runciman 12,770 26.2 +2.0
Conservative Winston Churchill 11,477 23.6 −2.6
Conservative James Mawdsley 11,449 23.5 −1.5
Majority 1,293 2.6 N/A
Turnout 24,546 (est) 86.2 −1.3
Registered electors 28,476
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.4
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +1.8

Elections in the 1900s


Alfred Emmott
Alfred Emmott

General election 1900: Oldham[30][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YAlfred Emmott 12,947 25.3 +0.7
Conservative YWinston Churchill 12,931 25.3 −0.9
Liberal Walter Runciman 12,709 24.9 +0.7
Conservative Charles Birch Crisp 12,522 24.5 −0.5
Turnout 51,109 87.9 +0.4
Registered electors 29,253
Majority 425 0.8 N/A
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +0.6
Majority 222 0.4 0.0
Conservative hold Swing −0.8
General election 1906: Oldham[30][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YAlfred Emmott 17,397 30.3 +5.0
Liberal YJohn Bright 16,672 29.0 +4.1
Conservative Charles Birch Crisp 11,989 20.9 −3.6
Conservative E. L. Hartley 11,391 19.8 −5.5
Turnout 57,449 89.3 +1.4
Registered electors 32,387
Majority 4,683 8.1 +7.3
Liberal hold Swing +4.3
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +3.9

Elections in the 1910s


General election January 1910: Oldham[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YAlfred Emmott 19,252 30.0 −0.3
Liberal YWilliam Barton 18,840 29.4 +0.4
Conservative Joseph Hilton 13,462 21.0 +0.1
Conservative Sidney Stott 12,577 19.6 −0.2
Majority 5,378 8.4 +0.3
Turnout 64,131 91.8 +2.5
Registered electors 35,315
Liberal hold Swing −0.2
Liberal hold Swing +0.2
General election December 1910: Oldham[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YAlfred Emmott 17,108 28.1 −1.9
Liberal YWilliam Barton 16,941 27.9 −1.5
Conservative Arthur Edward Wrigley 13,440 22.1 +1.1
Conservative Edmund Bartley-Denniss 13,281 21.9 +2.3
Majority 3,501 5.8 −2.6
Turnout 60,770 86.8 −5.0
Registered electors 35,315
Liberal hold Swing −1.5
Liberal hold Swing −1.3
Bartley-Denniss
Bartley-Denniss
1911 Oldham by-election[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YEdmund Bartley-Denniss 12,255 40.4 −3.6
Liberal Arthur Stanley 10,623 35.0 −21.0
Labour William C. Robinson 7,448 24.6 New
Majority 1,632 5.4 N/A
Turnout 30,326 85.1 −1.7
Registered electors 35,626
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +8.7

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

William Barton
William Barton
General election 1918: Oldham[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist YEdmund Bartley-Denniss 26,568 34.3 +12.4
C Liberal YWilliam Barton 26,254 34.0 +6.1
Labour William C. Robinson 15,178 19.6 N/A
Liberal Walter Rea 9,323 12.1 −16.0
Turnout 77,323 54.2 −32.6
Registered electors 71,378
Majority 11,390 14.7 N/A
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +14.2
Majority 11,076 14.4 +8.6
Liberal hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s


Edward Grigg
Edward Grigg
General election 1922: Oldham[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Liberal YEdward Grigg 24,762 28.0 N/A
Labour YWilliam Tout 24,434 27.7 +8.1
Unionist Samuel Smethurst 23,200 26.2 −8.1
Liberal William Tudor Davies 9,812 11.1 −22.9
Liberal Mary Emmott 6,186 7.0 −5.1
Turnout 88,394 62.6 +8.4
National Liberal gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Majority 1,562 1.8 N/A
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +8.1
Majority 1,234 1.5 N/A
General election 1923: Oldham (2 seats) [33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour YWilliam Tout 20,939 23.4 -4.3
Liberal YEdward Grigg 20,681 23.2 -4.8
Liberal William Wiggins 17,990 20.1 +9.0
Unionist W.E. Freeman 15,819 17.7 N/A
Unionist Samuel Smethurst 13,894 15.6 -10.6
Majority 2,949 3.3 +1.8
Majority 4,862 3.1 +1.3
Turnout 89,323 76.3 -2.5
Labour hold Swing
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1924: Oldham[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist YDuff Cooper 37,419 31.2
Liberal YEdward Grigg 36,761 30.7
Labour William Tout 23,623 19.7
Labour James Wilson 22,081 18.4
Majority 658 11.0 +5.5
Turnout 119,884
Liberal hold Swing
Unionist gain from Labour Swing
1925 Oldham by-election[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal YWilliam Wiggins 26,325 54.8 +24.1
Labour William Tout 21,702 45.2 +26.8
Majority 4,623 9.6 -1.4
Turnout 48,027
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1929: Oldham[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour YGordon Lang 34,223 26.2 +6.5
Labour YJames Wilson 32,727 25.0 +6.6
Unionist Duff Cooper 29,424 22.5 -8.7
Liberal John Dodd 20,810 15.9 -14.8
Liberal George James Jenkins 13,528 10.4 N/A
Majority 3,303 2.5 N/A
Turnout 130,712 81.2
Labour gain from Unionist Swing
Labour gain from Liberal Swing

Elections in the 1930s


General election 1931: Oldham[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YAnthony Crossley 50,693 32.42
Conservative YHamilton Kerr 50,395 32.23
Labour Gordon Lang 28,629 18.31
Labour James Wilson 26,631 17.03
Majority 298 0.19
Turnout 156,348
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
General election 1935: Oldham[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative YHamilton Kerr 36,738 25.51
National Liberal YJohn Dodd 34,755 24.13
Labour Gordon Lang 34,316 23.83
Labour Matthew Burrow Farr 29,647 20.58
Liberal William Gretton Ward 8,534 5.92
Majority 1,983 0.30
Turnout 143,990
Conservative hold Swing
National Liberal gain from Conservative Swing

General Election 1939–40

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;


Elections in the 1940s


General election 1945: Oldham[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour YFrank Fairhurst 31,704 23.9
Labour YLeslie Hale 31,327 23.6
Conservative Hamilton Kerr 26,911 20.3
National Liberal John Dodd 24,199 18.2
Liberal James Taylor Middleton 10,365 7.8
Liberal Thomas Donald Farrell Powell 8,264 6.2
Majority 4,416 3.3
Turnout 132,770 74.6
Labour gain from Conservative Swing
Labour gain from National Liberal Swing

References


  1. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "O"
  2. Rix, Kathryn (21 July 2015). "A rather pale copy of the original: John Morgan Cobbett (1800–1877)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  3. Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 185. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  4. Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 90, 134. Retrieved 27 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  5. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "John Fielden". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 November 2018. {{cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  6. "an ultra-Radical of Cobbettite opinions" - "Oldham". Manchester Times. 29 July 1837. p. 3.
  7. "William Johnson Fox (1786–1864), Religious and political orator, journalist and Liberal politician; MP for Oldham". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  8. Rudy, Jason R. (2009). Electric meters: Victorian physiological poetics. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8214-1882-6. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  9. "Oldham". Leeds Times. 7 August 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 10 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 169. Retrieved 27 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  11. "The Elections". London Evening Standard. 2 July 1852. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 10 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. The Reasoner, Volumes 2-3. 1847. p. 461. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  13. "The Country". The Spectator. 11 July 1835. p. 7. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  14. "Electioneering Prospects in Lancashire". Newcastle Guardian and Tyne Mercury. 3 July 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  15. Rix, Kathryn (27 August 2015). "MP of the Month: the untimely death of James Platt, MP for Oldham (1823–57)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  16. "The General Election". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 15 March 1857. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. "Death of Mr J M Cobbett MP for Oldham". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 15 February 1877.
  18. "The Elections". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 10 July 1852.
  19. "The General Election". Morning Post. 30 March 1857.
  20. "Oldham Election". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 24 June 1865.
  21. "Death of Mr Cobbett MP". Pall Mall Gazette. 14 February 1877.
  22. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  23. "8 December 1832". Sun. p. 3. Retrieved 20 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. "The Oldham Election". The Daily News. 3 December 1852. p. 5. Retrieved 14 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. "Election Intelligence". Western Mail. 26 February 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  26. "The Conservative Candidates for Oldham". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 22 November 1882. p. 8. Retrieved 6 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  27. Liberal Year Book (1889), p.217
  28. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  29. The Liberal Yearbook (1917), p.316
  30. P. F. Clarke, Lancashire and the New Liberalism, pp. 435–436
  31. Manchester Guardian, 14 November 1911, p.9
  32. The Liberal Year Book (1923), p.261
  33. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  34. The Constitutional Year Book (1938), p.220
  35. F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p211
  36. Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
  37. The Liberal Magazine, 1939
  38. "Politics Resources". Election 1945. Politics Resources. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

Sources




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