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Lidzbark Warmiński ([ˈlʲid͡zbarɡ varˈmʲiɲskʲi] (listen); German: Heilsberg, [ˈhaɪlsbɛʁk] (listen)), often shortened to Lidzbark, is a historical town located within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the capital of Lidzbark County.

Not to be confused with Lidzbark.
Lidzbark Warmiński
Castle of Warmian Bishops
Coat of arms
Lidzbark Warmiński
Lidzbark Warmiński
Coordinates: 54°7′N 20°35′E
Country Poland
Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian
CountyLidzbark
GminaLidzbark Warmiński (urban gmina)
Establishedbefore 1240
Town rights1308
Government
 • MayorJacek Wiśniowski
Area
 • Total14.34 km2 (5.54 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total16,390
 • Density1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
11-100 to 11-102
Area code+48 89
Car platesNLI
Websitehttp://www.lidzbarkw.eu/

Lidzbark Warmiński was once the capital of Warmia and formerly its largest town. Lidzbark itself was a religious and cultural center, for which it was known as the Pearl of Warmia. For a long period of time it was under the control of the Warmian Bishops and it was also a major economic center, only resigning its importance to the nearby city of Braniewo.

The Warmian Bishop's Castle is considered to be a great artistic and historical value in the world and has been recognised as a Historic Monument by the Polish government.[1]


History


View of the Old Town on the Łyna River and Collegiate Church
View of the Old Town on the Łyna River and Collegiate Church

The town was originally a settlement of Old Prussians known as Lecbarg until being conquered in 1240 by the Teutonic Knights, who named it Heilsberg.[2] In 1306 it became the seat for the Bishopric of Warmia, and remained the Prince-Bishop's seat for 500 years.[2] In 1309 the settlement received town privileges. In the 1350s the Castle of Warmian Bishops was built, and it was expanded in the following centuries,[3] becoming one of the most significant and remarkable historic monuments of Warmia, which nowadays houses a museum and is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. In 1440 the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which in 1454 Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland.[4] This caused the Polish–Teutonic Thirteen Years' War, as a result of which in the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) the Teutonic Order ended its claim to the area and recognized it as part of Poland.[5] It was the capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia in the Polish province of Royal Prussia in the larger Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

Nicolaus Copernicus first visited the town at the turn of 1495 and 1496, and then lived at the castle from 1503.[3] It is believed he wrote part of his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium there.

In the winter of 1703–04 the town was the residence of King Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War. In the mid-18th century a manuscript of the Gesta principum Polonorum, the oldest medieval Polish chronicle was discovered in the castle by Prince-Bishop Adam Stanisław Grabowski, by whose decision it was then published in print for the first time.

The town was annexed with the rest of the region by the Kingdom of Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The town ceased to be the capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, which was disestablished, however it remained the seat of the last Prince-Bishop Ignacy Krasicki until 1795, and afterwards the town lost its cultural significance, which it has not regained since. In 1807 a battle took place near the town between the French under Joachim Murat and Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult and the Russians and Prussians under Levin August, count von Bennigsen.[2]

From 1933 to 1945 it was the site of the large German government radio station Transmitter Heilsberg. The town was heavily damaged after its conquest by the Soviet Red Army during World War II in 1945. As part of territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference, the town became once again part of Poland, and was gradually resettled by Poles, many of them from the parts of eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.


Geography



Sights


Landmarks of Lidzbark Warmiński
South entrance and fortifications of the castle complex with the gate tower
Warmian Bishops' Castle
Grabowski Palace
Krasicki Orangery
Collegiate church
High Gate seen from afar

The main landmark of Lidzbark Warmiński is the Gothic Castle of Warmian Bishops with adjacent fortifications, towers and the Baroque Grabowski Palace. Other sights include:


Education


Colleges

High schools

Primary schools

Music schools

Kindergartens

Other educational institutions


Sports


The local football team is Polonia Lidzbark Warmiński [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.


Twin towns – sister cities


Lidzbark Warmiński is twinned with:


Notable people


Monument of Ignacy Krasicki
Monument of Ignacy Krasicki

References


  1. Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 20 kwietnia 2018 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Lidzbark Warmiński - zamek biskupów warmińskich"., Dz. U. z 2018 r. poz. 944
  2. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Heilsberg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 212.
  3. "Lidzbark Warmiński". Szlak Kopernikowski (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  4. Karol Górski, Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych, Instytut Zachodni, Poznań, 1949, p. XXXVII, 54 (in Polish)
  5. Górski, p. 99




На других языках

[de] Lidzbark Warmiński

Lidzbark Warmiński [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}'lʲidzbark var'miɲskʲi] (deutsch Heilsberg) ist eine Kreisstadt mit 16.000 Einwohnern in der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren.
- [en] Lidzbark Warmiński

[fr] Lidzbark Warmiński

Lidzbark Warmiński (anciennement « Heilsberg » en Prusse-Orientale, et avant « Lēcbargs » vieux-prussien) est une ville polonaise de la voïvodie de Varmie-Mazurie. Elle est la capitale du powiat de Lidzbark. La superficie de la ville est de 14,34 km² et compte 16 284 habitants (2008).

[it] Lidzbark Warmiński

Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg fino al 1945) è una città polacca del distretto di Lidzbark Warmiński nel voivodato della Varmia-Masuria.Ricopre una superficie di 14,34 km² e nel 2007 contava 16.597 abitanti.Nel 1807 si combatté la Battaglia di Heilsberg, che vide Napoleone fronteggiare la Quarta coalizione.

[ru] Лидзбарк-Варминьски

Ли́дзбарк-Варми́ньски[1][2] (польск. Lidzbark Warmiński), ранее Ге́йльсберг (нем. Heilsberg, прусск. Lēcbargs) — город в Восточной Пруссии (ныне Польша), на реке Лына. Основан в 1240 году. Площадь — 14,35 км². Население — 15 877 жителей на 2018 год.[3] Около данного города 29 мая (10 июня) 1807 года произошло сражение русских и прусских войск с французами.


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