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The Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (often abbreviated as SNNPR; Amharic: የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yädäbub Bḥer Bḥeräsäbočna Hzboč Kllə) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was formed from the merger of five kililoch, called Regions 7 to 11, following the regional council elections on 21 June 1992.[5] Its government is based in Hawassa.

Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል
Regional state
From left: Lake Chamo; Hamer people; Sunset on Lake Awasa; Welayta and Kambaata dance respectively
Flag Seal
Map of Ethiopia showing Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
Country	Ethiopia
Administrative headquarters	Hawassa
Government
• Chief Administrator	Erstu Yirdaw (Prosperity Party)
Area
• Total	54,400 km2 (21,000 sq mi)
• Rank	5
	[1]
Population  (2017)
• Total	9,126,000[2]
• Rank	4
	[3]
ISO 3166 code	ET-SN
HDI (2019)	0.488[4] low · 6th of 11

The SNNPR borders Kenya to the south (including a small part of Lake Turkana), the Ilemi Triangle (a region claimed by Kenya and South Sudan) to the southwest, the South West Ethiopia Region to the west, the Oromia Region to the north and east, and the Sidama Region to the east. The region's major cities and towns include Arba Minch, Sodo, Jinka, Dila, Boditi, Areka, Butajira, Welkite, Bonga, Hosaena and Worabe.

The regional government of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region is based in the city of Hawassa. Following the formation of the Sidama Region in June 2020, Hawassa is located outside of the boundaries of the region. The regional government is planning to move to a city within the region's boundaries after two consecutive national electoral cycles.[6] The largest city in the region is Arba Minch.

Demographics

This section needs to be updated. (December 2021)

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), the SNNPR regional state had an estimated total population of 14,929,548, of whom 7,425,918 were men and 7,503,630 women. 13,433,991 or 89.98% of the population are estimated to be rural inhabitants, while 1,495,557 or 10.02% are urban; this makes the SNNPR Ethiopia's most rural region. With an estimated area of 105,887.18 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 141 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 3,110,995 households were counted, which results in an average for the region of 4.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 3.9 and rural households 4.9 people.[3] The projected population for 2017 was 19,170,007.[2]

In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 10,377,028 of whom 5,161,787 were men and 5,215,241 were women. At the time of the census, the rural population of the Region accounted for 93.2% of the total population. Semien Omo, Wolayita, and Gurage were the three zones with the highest population. The population is concentrated mostly in eastern, northern and central part of the SNNPR while the western and southern part of the region is sparsely populated.

The SNNPR Water Resources Bureau announced that as of the fiscal year ending in 2006, they had increased the area of the region that had access to drinkable water to 54% from 10 to 15% 15 years ago.[7] In August 2008, the head of public relations for the Bureau, Abdulkerim Nesru, announced that 94 million birr had been spent to further increase the availability of drinkable water in the region from 58% in the previous year to 63.6%. Priority was given to certain zones, such as Sidama, Welayta and Gurage, as well as the Alaba special woreda and several resettlement areas.[8]

Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for the SNNPR as of 2005^[update] include the following: 10.7% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 57% and for women 22.4%; and the Regional infant mortality rate is 85 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is greater than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.[9]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1994	10,377,028	—
2007	14,929,548	+43.9%
2017	19,170,007	+28.4%
source:[10]

Religion

Religion	1994 Census	2007 Census[3]
Protestants	34.8%	55.5%
Orthodox Christians	55.6%	19.86%
Muslim	16.7%	14.12%
Traditional religions	15.4%	6.6%
Roman Catholics	3%	2.4%
Other religious affiliations	—	1.5%

Ethnicities

The SNNPR, being an amalgam of the main homelands of numerous ethnicities, contains over 45 indigenous ethnic groups.

Largest ethnicities

People	1994 Census	2007 Census[3]
Welayta	12%	10.59%
Hadiya	-	7.98%
Gurage	15%	19.54%
Gamo	-	7%
Kafficho	-	5.44%
Silt'e	-	5.37%
Amhara	-	4.10%

All ethnicities in region

The ethnicities native to the SNNPR, with percentages of the population as reported in the 2007 national census and organized by linguistic grouping, include:[3]

Languages

The 2007 census reported that the predominantly spoken mother tongue languages include Sidama (19.59%), Welayta (10.48%), Hadiya (8%), Gurage languages (7.13%), Gamo (6.9%), Kafa (5.36%) and Amharic (4.10%). Other languages spoken in the State include Kambaata, Mello, Goffa, Gedeo and Dima; because of the relatively few number of speakers of most of the languages in the region, the working language of the state is Amharic (the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia and formerly the only official language).[3]

The 1994 census reported that the predominantly spoken languages include Sidamigna (18%), Guragigna (14.72%), Welayta (11.53%), Hadiyigna (8.53%), Keffigna (5.22%), and Kembatigna (4.35%). Other languages spoken in the State include Gamoigna, Mello, Goffa, and Gedeo.[11]

Amharic is still the working language although most pupils get eight years of primary education in their home language and all secondary and further education is in English.[12]

Agriculture

The CSA reported that for 2004–2005 100,338 tons of coffee were produced in the SNNPR, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority. This represents 44.2% of the total production in Ethiopia.

Farmers in the Region had an estimated total 7,938,490 head of cattle (representing 20.5% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 3,270,200 sheep (18.8%), 2,289,970 goats (17.6%), 298,720 horses (19.7%), 63,460 mules (43.1%), 278,440 asses (11.1%), 6,586,140 poultry of all species (21.3%), and 726,960 beehives (16.7%).[13]

Enset is a major indigenous local crop in the SNNPR.

List of Chief Administrators

• Abate Kisho (SEPDM), 1992–2001[14]
• Hailemariam Desalegn, 12 November 2001 – March 2006[14]
• Shiferaw Shigute (SEPDM), March 2006 – July 2013[14][15]
• Dessie Dalke, July 2013 – 2018[15]
• Million Mathiwos, 2018 – 2019
• Erstu Yirdaw, August 31, 2019 – present

Administrative zones

The following table shows administrative zones and special woredas (an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area is based on information from 2022; the list of second administrative level bodies maintained by the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group dates from 2002.[16]

Zones and Special Woredas in SNNPR

Number	Zone	Seat
1	Gamo Zone	Arba Minch
2	Gofa Zone	Sawula
3	Gedeo Zone	Dilla
4	Gurage Zone	Welkite
5	Hadiya Zone	Hosaena
6	Kembata Tembaro Zone	Durame
7	Silt'e Zone	Worabe
8	Debub Omo Zone	Jinka
9	Wolayita Zone	Sodo
10	Alaba Zone	Halaba Kulito
11	Amaro special woreda	Kele
12	Alle Special Woreda
13	Basketo special woreda	Laska
14	Burji special woreda	Soyama
15	Dirashe special woreda	Gidole
16	Konso Zone	Karat
17	Yem special woreda	Fofa

Former zones

• Keficho Shekicho Zone
• North Omo Zone

See also

• List of districts in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region

References

External links

• Official website
• Map of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region at UN-OCHA^{[permanent dead link]} (PDF file)
• Map of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region at DPPA of Ethiopia (PDF file)
• Ethiopia's Vanishing Tribes slideshow by Life magazine

На других языках

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[de] Region der südlichen Nationen, Nationalitäten und Völker

Die Region der südlichen Nationen, Nationalitäten und Völker (amharisch የደቡብ ብሔሮች ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል, transkribiert yä-Däbub Bəḥeročč Bəḥeresäbočč-ənna Ḥəzbočč Kǝllǝl, kurz ደ/ብ/ብ/ሕ/ክ .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Dä/Bə/Bə/Ḥə/Kǝ, in Äthiopien oft auch YeDebub, „der Süden“; englisch Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, oft als SNNPR abgekürzt; auch Southern Peoples, Nations and Nationalities, SPNN) ist eine der Verwaltungsregionen Äthiopiens. Die Region hatte 2015 geschätzt 18.276.000 Einwohner.[1] Hauptstadt der Region ist Awassa. Der Umzug nach Arba Minch ist geplant, da am 18. Juni 2020 die Region Sidama nach einer Volksabstimmung abgespalten wurde. Am 23. November 2021 wurde zudem die Region der südwestäthiopischen Völker abgespalten.

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- [en] Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region

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[ru] Регион наций, национальностей и народов Юга

Регион наций, национальностей и народов Юга[1] или регион Южных национальностей, народностей и народов[2] (амх. ደቡብ ብሔሮች ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል; ранее также Область Народностей Южной Эфиопии[3]) — один из 11-ти регионов (штатов) Эфиопии. Образован после выборов 1994 года в результате слияния регионов 7, 8, 9, 10 и 11. Административный центр — город Ауаса.

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