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Madongchuan (simplified Chinese: 麻洞川镇; traditional Chinese: 麻洞川鎮; pinyin: Mádòngchuān Zhèn) is a town in Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.[1] The town spans an area of 257 square kilometres (99 sq mi),[2] and has a population of 6,544 as of 2010.[3]

Madongchuan 麻洞川镇
Town
Madongchuan
Coordinates: 36°23′17″N 109°48′53″E
Country	China
Province	Shaanxi
Prefecture-level city	Yan'an
District	Baota District
Area
• Total	257 km2 (99 sq mi)
Population  (2010)
• Total	6,544
• Density	25/km2 (66/sq mi)

History

Manmade grottoes dating back to the Song dynasty have been found in Madongchuan.[4]^: 630 The Shiyaowan Grotto (Chinese: 石窑湾石窟; pinyin: Shíyáowān Shíkū) contains a number of Buddha statues (many of which have now been partially or completed destroyed), and inscriptions dating back to the late 11th century.[4]^: 630

On the evening of February 18, 1935, as part of the Chinese Civil War, forces of the Chinese Red Army clashed with 50 Mintuan [zh] soldiers, aligned with Chiang Kai-Shek's Nationalist government, in the village of Jinpenwan (Chinese: 金盆湾村).[4]^: 14 Red Army forces won the battle.[4]^: 14 Later in the Civil War, on May 11, 1947, Communist Party forces, now reorganized as the People's Liberation Army, clashed with Chiang's Nationalist Army again in Jinpenwan.[4]^: 21 Forces of the People's Liberation Army, led by Yan Kuiyao [zh], won the battle, and effectively captured the village.[4]^: 21 On November 14 and November 15 later that year, Nationalist Army aircraft bombed the village.[4]^: 21

From May through July 1950, an unidentified illness swept through the village of Jinpenwan, as well as other parts of present-day Baota District, killing 680 people.[4]^: 25

Madongchuan was established as a people's commune in 1972.[2] In 1984, it was changed to a township.[2]

Geography

Madongchuan is located in the southeast portion of Baota District, bordered by the town of Lin [zh] to its east, Nanniwan and Chuankou [zh] to its west, Zhengzhuang [zh] in neighboring Yanchang County to its north, and Niuwu [zh] in neighboring Fu County to its south.[2] The town is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Baota District's urban core.[2]

The Fenchuan River (Chinese: 汾川河; pinyin: Fénchuān Hé), a minor river which flows from Nanniwan to Yichuan County and into the Yellow River, flows through Madongchuan.[4]^: 263 The Fenchuan Canal (Chinese: 汾川渠; pinyin: Fénchuān Qú), a small canal off the Fenchuan River which irrigates nearby land, flows through Madongchuan, creating the Jinpenwan Reservoir (Chinese: 金盆湾水库; pinyin: Jīnpénwān Shuǐkù).[4]^: 268 According to 1994 government publication, 62.3% of Madongchuan is forested.[4]^: 238

Administrative divisions

Madongchuan administers 10 administrative villages (Chinese: 行政村; pinyin: xíngzhèng cūn),[5] as well as 38 natural villages (Chinese: 自然村; pinyin: zìrán cūn),[2] although the latter lacks any administrative jurisdiction. Madongchuan's government is located in Madongchuan Village (Chinese: 麻洞川村).[2] The town's 10 administrative villages are as follows:[2]

• Madongchuan Village (Chinese: 麻洞川村)
• Jinpenwan Village (Chinese: 金盆湾村)
• Yuetun Village (Chinese: 岳屯村)
• Xueshuiwan Village (Chinese: 雪水湾村)
• Shiyaowan Village (Chinese: 石窑湾村)
• Xicun Village (Chinese: 西村村; lit. 'west village')
• Fancun Village (Chinese: 樊村村)
• Zhaotai Village (Chinese: 赵台村)
• Yaojiapo Village (Chinese: 姚家坡村)
• Quli Village (Chinese: 曲里村)

Demographics

As per the 2010 Chinese Census, Madongchuan has a population of 6,544.[3] This represents a significant decline from the 2000 Chinese Census, when its population totaled 10,416.[3] In 1985, Madongchuan's population totaled 8,405.[4]^: 92 According to the 1982 Chinese Census, Madongchuan had a population of 8,257,[4]^: 118 all of whom were classified as ethnically Han Chinese.[4]^: 124 In the 1982 Census, Madongchuan had an average household size of 4.44 people.[4]^: 127 As of the 1964 Chinese Census, Madongchuan had a population of 4,241, all of whom were classified as ethnically Han Chinese.[4]^{: 115–116}

Economy

Major crops grown in Madongchuan include maize,[4]^: 186 tobacco,[4]^: 186 and vegetables.[4]^: 203

A small hydropower plant known as the Dongwan Small Hydropower Plant (Chinese: 洞湾小水电站) was built in Madongchuan in 1958, and produces 1,000 Kilowatt-hour of electricity annually.[4]^: 272

Transportation

The S303 highway runs through Madongchuan.[2]

See also

• List of township-level divisions of Shaanxi

References

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