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Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is an urban community and former city located in the Halifax Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia, Canada. Dartmouth is located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour. Dartmouth has been nicknamed the City of Lakes, after the large number of lakes located within its boundaries.

Dartmouth
Downtown Dartmouth skyline
Nicknames: 
City of Lakes, "The Darkside"[1]
Location of Dartmouth, shown in red
Dartmouth
Location of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth
Dartmouth (Canada)
Coordinates: 44°40′0″N 63°34′0″W
CountryCanada
ProvinceNova Scotia
MunicipalityHalifax
Founded1750
Incorporated CityJanuary 1, 1961
Amalgamated with HalifaxApril 1, 1996
NeighbourhoodsAlbro Lake, Bell Ayr Park, Brightwood, Burnside, Commodore Park, Crichton Park, Crystal Heights, Downtown Dartmouth, Ellenvale, Grahams Corner, Greenough Settlement, Harbourview, Highfield Park, Imperoyal, Keystone Village, Lancaster Ridge, Manor Park, Montebello, Nantucket, Port Wallace, Portland Estates, Portland Hills, Shannon Park, Southdale, Tam O'Shanter Ridge, Tufts Cove, Wallace Heights, Woodlawn, Woodside
Government
 • Governing BodyHalifax Regional Council
 • Community CouncilHarbour East - Marine Drive Community Council
 • Districts3 - Dartmouth South - Eastern Passage

5 - Dartmouth Centre

6 - Harbourview - Burnside - Dartmouth East
Area
 • Total58.57 km2 (22.61 sq mi)
Highest elevation
113 m (371 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total92,301
 • Density1,122.4/km2 (2,907/sq mi)
DemonymDartmouthian
Time zoneUTC−04:00 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−03:00 (ADT)
Postal code span
B2V to B2Z, B3A-B
Area code902
Telephone Exchanges433-5, 460-6, 468-9, 481
NTS Map11D12 Halifax
GNBC CodeCAIYJ[3]
Part of a series about Places in Nova Scotia

On April 1, 1996, the provincial government amalgamated all the municipalities within the boundaries of Halifax County into a single-tier regional government named the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). Dartmouth and its neighbouring city of Halifax, the town of Bedford and the Municipality of the County of Halifax were dissolved. The city of Dartmouth forms part of the urban core of the larger regional municipality and is officially designated as part of the "capital district" by the Halifax Regional Municipality. At the time that the City of Dartmouth was dissolved, the provincial government altered its status to a separate community to Halifax; however, its status as part of the metropolitan "Halifax" urban core existed prior to municipal reorganization in 1996.

Dartmouth is still an official geographic name that is used by all levels of government for legal purposes, postal service, mapping, 9-1-1 emergency response, municipal planning, and is recognized by the Halifax Regional Municipality as a civic addressing community. The official place name did not change, due to the confusion with similar street names, land use planning set out by the former "City of Dartmouth," and significant public pressure. Today the same development planning for Downtown Dartmouth and the rest of the region is still in force, as well as specific bylaws created prior to April 1, 1996.


History


Main articles: History of Dartmouth and History of the Halifax Regional Municipality
Alderney Landing, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Alderney Landing, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia

Father Le Loutre's War began when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish Halifax with 13 transports on June 21, 1749.[4] By unilaterally establishing Halifax, the British were violating earlier treaties with the Miꞌkmaq (1726), which were signed after Father Rale's War.[5] The British quickly began to build other settlements. To guard against Miꞌkmaq, Acadian, and French attacks on the new Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax (1749), Dartmouth (1750), Bedford (Fort Sackville) (1751), Lunenburg (1753), and Lawrencetown (1754).

In 1750, the sailing ship Alderney arrived with 151 immigrants. Municipal officials at Halifax decided that these new arrivals should be settled on the eastern side of Halifax Harbour. During the early years, eight Acadian and Miꞌkmaq raids were made on the new British settlement, such as the Raid on Dartmouth (1751).

The original settlement was made in an area the Miꞌkmaq called Ponamogoatitjg[6] (Boonamoogwaddy), which has been varyingly translated as "Tomcod Ground" or "Salmon Place" in reference to the fish that were presumably caught in this part of Halifax Harbour. The community was later given the English name of Dartmouth in honour of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth, who was a former secretary of state. By 1752, 53 families consisting of 193 people lived in the community.

Dartmouth was initially a sawmill and agricultural outpost of Halifax. In the mid-19th century, though, it grew, first with the construction of the Shubenacadie Canal and more importantly with the rise of successful industrial firms such as the Dartmouth Marine Slips, the Starr Manufacturing Company, and the Stairs Ropeworks.

In 1873, Dartmouth was incorporated as a town, and a town hall was established in 1877. In 1955, the town was permanently linked to Halifax by the Angus L. Macdonald Bridge, which led to rapid suburban growth. The Town of Dartmouth amalgamated with several neighbouring villages into the City of Dartmouth in 1961. The A. Murray MacKay Bridge opened in 1970, furthering commercial and residential growth. The Dartmouth General Hospital opened in 1976.

The city was dissolved on April 1, 1996, when its government was amalgamated into the Halifax Regional Municipality.


Municipal government


Dartmouth is represented municipally in Halifax Regional Council by these districts:

Angus A MacDonald Bridge (the 'old Bridge') Halifax, Nova Scotia
Angus A MacDonald Bridge (the 'old Bridge') Halifax, Nova Scotia

The HRM community council for Dartmouth, the Harbour East - Marine Drive Community Council, is held in various locations on the first Thursday of every month.

Residents of Dartmouth are known as Dartmouthians. As a community, Dartmouth has often tended to distinguish itself from the community and former city of Halifax, even under the present municipal amalgamation. Dartmouth is also the Halifax Regional Municipality's Public Works Eastern Region.


Economy


The city was not only a bedroom community for Halifax, but also had commerce and industries of its own, including the Volvo Halifax Assembly plant, and a molasses plant dating back to the days of the triangular trade with the West Indies. Today, Dartmouth is home to the shopping district of Dartmouth Crossing, as well as federal government offices, many located in the Queen Square building on Alderney Drive.


Transportation and communications


Ferry running between Halifax and Dartmouth, docked at Dartmouth Ferry Terminal.
Ferry running between Halifax and Dartmouth, docked at Dartmouth Ferry Terminal.

Transportation


Dartmouth is linked to Halifax by the oldest continuously operating saltwater ferry service in North America with the first crossing having taken place in 1752. Early ferries were powered by horses, which were replaced with steam engines in 1830. During the early 20th century, ferries shuttled pedestrians and vehicles between the downtown areas of Halifax and Dartmouth. A railway trestle was built across Halifax Harbour in the late 19th century to bring rail service to Dartmouth, but it was destroyed by a storm, requiring the present railway connection built around Bedford Basin.

During the early 1950s, construction began on the Angus L. Macdonald Bridge, a suspension bridge crossing Halifax Harbour. It opened in 1955, ushering in an unprecedented development boom in Dartmouth. New subdivisions, shopping centres, office buildings, and industrial parks have been built in recent decades. A second bridge, the A. Murray MacKay Bridge, was opened in 1970 and the Highway 111 Circumferential Highway was built around Dartmouth to Woodside at this time.


Communications


Halifax skyline from Dartmouth
Halifax skyline from Dartmouth

Natal Day



Demographics


The former City of Dartmouth, at the time of the 1996 census, covered 58.57 km2 and housed 65,629 people.[7] After 1 April 1996, the former city was turned into an urban community of the Halifax Regional Municipality.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
176210—    
18813,786+37760.0%
18916,252+65.1%
19014,806−23.1%
19115,058+5.2%
19217,899+56.2%
19319,100+15.2%
194110,847+19.2%
195115,037+38.6%
196146,966+212.3%
198162,333+32.7%
198665,243+4.7%
199167,798+3.9%
199665,629−3.2%
200165,741+0.2%
201191,212+38.7%
201692,301+1.2%
[8][9][10][11][12][13] Population figures reflect the 1961 amalgamation.

Geography


Display on Dartmouth waterfront, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Display on Dartmouth waterfront, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Map of Burnside Park.
Map of Burnside Park.

Neighbourhoods of Dartmouth include:

The oldest structure in Dartmouth is the house of William Ray, a Quaker and cooper[14] from Nantucket who moved to Dartmouth in 1785-86 as a whaler. Its materials and construction methods closely resemble Quaker architecture in Nantucket, such as the asymmetrical façade design and stone foundation.[15] It is located at 59 Ochterloney Street, and is believed to have been built around 1785 or 1786. Today, it is a museum, furnished as a typical modest dwelling of a merchant of that time.[15][16]

Dartmouth's city hall was built in the early 1960s on the waterfront adjacent to the Alderney Ferry Terminal. The building was declared surplus and sold to Starfish Properties, and was to be redeveloped.[17]

Dartmouth covers 58.57 km2 (22.61 sq mi).[18]


Military


Dartmouth has been home to several Canadian Forces installations:


Notable people



Symbols


The City of Dartmouth Seal, located on a police badge.
The City of Dartmouth Seal, located on a police badge.
Flag of the former City of Dartmouth
Flag of the former City of Dartmouth

Culture



References


  1. "JOHN DeMONT: Something's blooming on the Darkside - Local Xpress". Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  2. "2001 Census Profile: Dartmouth, Nova Scotia". Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  3. "Dartmouth". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  4. Grenier, John. The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2008; Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 7
  5. Wicken (2002), p. 181; Griffith, p. 390; Also see "Northeast Archaeological Research --". northeastarch. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  6. Wicken, William C. (2002). Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land and Donald Marshall Junior. University of Toronto Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-8020-7665-6.
  7. "Electronic Area Profiles". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. 29 October 1998. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  8. 1762 Census
  9. 104.pdf Archived April 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Canada Year Book 1932
  10. 140.pdf Archived January 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Canada Year Book 1955
  11. "Canada Year Book 1967" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-08-30., Canada Year Book 1967
  12. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census96/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35782&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1996&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= , 1996 Census of Canada: Electronic Area Profiles
  13. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1209022&Geo2=PR&Code2=12&Data=Count&SearchText=Dartmouth&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= , 2001 Community Profiles
  14. "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
  15. Dartmouth Heritage Museum
  16. Historic Places Canada
  17. "SaltWire | Halifax".
  18. "Electronic Area Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. 29 October 1998. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  19. "Arnie Patterson: Trudeau, rock 'n' roll and the Springhill Mine Disaster". The Globe and Mail. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2014-04-26.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Dartmouth.

На других языках

[de] Dartmouth (Nova Scotia)

Dartmouth ist eine ehemalige Stadt in der Provinz Nova Scotia, Kanada am Ostufer der Bucht von Halifax. Sie galt als Zwillingsstadt von Halifax und trägt den Spitznamen City of Lakes.
- [en] Dartmouth, Nova Scotia


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